Head & Neck Embryology Flashcards
Form where does the neck develop?
The brachial/pharyngeal arches
From where does the face develop?
The 5 mesenchymal processes/prominences
From where does the skull develop?
The mesenchyme in the head region of the developing ebryo
What are somites?
They are derived from the paraxial mesoderm and form structures such as the axial skeleton and muscles
How many somites develop in human embryos?
33
Describe the formation of the neural tube
Some of the ectoderm in the midline folds down to from the neural tube which goes onto form the brain and spinal cord
Describe the formation of the neural crest cells
Some cells in the crest of the neural fold separate to form the neural crest cells. These migrate to form a variety of structures
What are the brachial/pharyngeal arches?
A series of arches that develop around the future mouth and pharynx
The face and neck develop from them
How many brachial arches fully develop in humans?
5
Give the layers of embryological tissues that make up the brachial arches from external to internal
Ectoderm
Mesoderm - cartilage, muscles
Endoderm
Describe the nerves of the brachial arches
1st arch - V3
2nd arch - facial nerve
3rd arch - glossopharyngeal
4th arch - superior laryngeal branch of vagus
6th arch - recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
What nerve innervates all of the muscles of the face?
The facial nerve (VII)
From what brachial arch does the nerve that innervates the muscles of the face originate?
2nd (facial verve VII)
What nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Facial nerve
What nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
V3
