Anatomy Pre-Practical 1

Question 1

Name the bones of the Cranium (six)

Answer 1

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid

Question 2

Name the bones of the Face (nine)

Answer 2

Frontal, Parietal, Sphenoid, Temporal, Nasal, Zygomatic, Vomer, Maxilla, Mandible

Question 3

Name the layers of the scalp

Answer 3

Skin, Connective Tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Areolar Connective Tissue, Pericranium

Question 4

Where are the vessels of the scalp located?

Answer 4

In the connective tissue (2nd layer)

Question 5

Define Emissary veins

Answer 5

Valveless veins that traverse dipole and can spread infection intracranially. As a result the areas of the face which drain to them are known as the ‘danger zone’

Question 6

Name the branches of the Trigeminal Nerve and give the Cranial Nerve number of the Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 6

V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular
Trigeminal Nerve = Cranial Nerve V

Question 7

What fibres do the branches of the Trigeminal Nerve contain?

Answer 7

VI (ophthalmic) - only sensory
V2 (maxillary) - only sensory
V3 (mandibular) - motor and sensory

Question 8

What is the sensory nerve supply to the face and anterior part of the skull?

Answer 8

The branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 9

What type of fibres can a cranial nerve carry?

Answer 9

Potentially motor, sensory and/or parasympathetic. The sensory fibres carried can be general sensory i.e. touch temperature pain etc, or special sensory i.e. vision, hearing, taste etc.

Question 10

How do sympathetic fibres reach the regions supplied by cranial nerves?

Answer 10

Postganglionic fibres from the sympathetic chain form a plexus and travel with the blood vessels

Question 11

Name the four key muscles of the face

Answer 11

Orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, occipitofrontalis, buccinator

Question 12

What fibres does the facial nerve carry? Give the cranial nerve number for the facial nerve

Answer 12

Motor fibres, sensory fibres (special sensory) and parasympathetic fibres. Cranial Nerve VII

Question 13

Which structures run through the Parotid Gland?

Answer 13

The ECA enters into the land to give off its external branches

The facial nerve

The retromandibular vein

Question 14

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

Answer 14

Carotid arteries

IJV

Vagus nerve

Question 15

Form where does the right CCA arise?

Answer 15

The brachiocephalic artery

Question 16

From where does the left CCA arise?

Answer 16

Directly from the arch of the aorta

Question 17

In the main, what does the ECA supply?

Answer 17

The neck, face and scalp

Question 18

In the main, what does the ICA supply?

Answer 18

The brain

Question 19

Is the ICA or ECA more posterior?

Answer 19

The ICA

Question 20

IS the IJV or EJV more posterior?

Answer 20

The EJV

Question 21

What spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?

Answer 21

The ventral rami of C1-C5

Question 22

What does the cervical plexus innervate?

Answer 22

From it the sensory and motor branches arise innervating the skin and muscles of the neck

Question 23

What are the strap muscles?

Answer 23

Also called the infrahyoid muscles, they are the muscles which attach inferiorly to the hyoid bone. They are; the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles

Question 24

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 24

The muscles which attach superiorly to the hyoid bone. They are; the digastrics, the geniohyoid, the stylohyoid and the mylohyoid muscles