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Oral Medicine- Cancer > Head & Neck Cancers > Flashcards

Head & Neck Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than _____% of oral malignancies

A

90%

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2
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • Pain
  • Dysphagia/Odynophagia
  • Otalgia
  • -Masses/lesions
  • Unintentional weight loss
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3
Q

Risk Factors for Cancer

A
  1. Age
  2. Race
  3. Tobacco/Alcohol
  4. Immune suppression
  5. Viral
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4
Q

What are four traditional risk factors for oral cavity cancers?

A
  1. Cigarette smoking
  2. Alcohol intake
  3. Smokeless tobacco
  4. Betel Quid
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5
Q

How many alcoholic drinks and cigarettes per day increase oral cavity cancer risk?

A

3 or more drinks

20+ cigarettes

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6
Q

What is the most recent risk factor for Oropharyngeal Cancer

A

HPV Type 16

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7
Q

HPV is the most common ____ ____ _____

A

Sexually transmitted infection

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8
Q

What causes 90% of HPV?

A

Genital warts

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9
Q

How is HPV transmitted

A

Through sexual and non-sexual person-to-person contact

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10
Q

Describe specific examples of HPV transmission

A
  • Skin/Mucosal Contact
  • Salivary transfer
  • Autoinoculation
  • Breast feeding
  • Perinatal transmission
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11
Q

HPV infectious what types of epithelium? What layer?

A

Cutaneous and mucosal epithelium

Basal cell layer of stratified squamous epithelial cells

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12
Q

How long does it take HPV genital warts to develop?

A

3 weeks to several months

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13
Q

How long does it take HPV cancer to develop?

A

Decades

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14
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Describe Papillary/verruciform mass

A

HPV-induced proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Squamous papilloma are due to what types of HPV

A

6 and 11

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16
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Squamous Papilloma have an extremely _____ virulence and infectivity rate

A

Low

17
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Verruca Vulgaris is due to what type of HPV

A

Type 2

18
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Verruca Vulgaris is contagious and more common on the _____

A

Skin

19
Q

HPV Related lesions:

Verruca Vulgaris usually occurs in what population?

A

Children

20
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Condyloma acuminatum is caused by what types of HPV

A

6 and 11

21
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Condyloma acuminatum represents a common ____

A

STI

22
Q

HPV Related Lesions:

Treatments for Squamous Papilloma, Verruca vulgaris and condyloma acuminatum

A

Conservative surgical excision

23
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers:

Accounts for ___% of head and neck cancers

A

25%

24
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers: What areas are most common cancer spots?

A

Tonsillar and base of tongue

25
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers: Traditional risk factors

A

smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel chewing

26
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers:

More recent risk factor

A

HPV Type 16

27
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers:

90% of HPV related oropharyngeal cancers are caused by type ____

A

16

28
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers:

Population affected by HPV and oropharyngeal cancers

A

Patients are younger

Men are affected more than women

29
Q

How HPV progresses to cancer

A

Exposure to high HPV strains -> Persistent infection (dysplasia) -> Low grade intraepithelial neoplasia -> high grade intraepithelial neoplasia -> cancer

30
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers: Signs and symptoms

A
  • Long-lasting sore throat
  • Ear aches
  • Hoarse voice
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Difficulty or pain with swallowing
  • Unexplained weight loss
31
Q

Oropharyngeal Cancers: What are the three categories of staging?

A
  1. T Category (Tumor size)
  2. N Category (Nodal)
  3. M Category (Number of nodes)

Oral Medicine- Cancer (8 decks)

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