Head & Neck Cancers

Question 1

Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than _____% of oral malignancies

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms of Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 2

• Pain
• Dysphagia/Odynophagia
• Otalgia
• -Masses/lesions
• Unintentional weight loss

Question 3

Risk Factors for Cancer

Answer 3

1. Age
2. Race
3. Tobacco/Alcohol
4. Immune suppression
5. Viral

Question 4

What are four traditional risk factors for oral cavity cancers?

Answer 4

1. Cigarette smoking
2. Alcohol intake
3. Smokeless tobacco
4. Betel Quid

Question 5

How many alcoholic drinks and cigarettes per day increase oral cavity cancer risk?

Answer 5

3 or more drinks

20+ cigarettes

Question 6

What is the most recent risk factor for Oropharyngeal Cancer

Answer 6

HPV Type 16

Question 7

HPV is the most common ____ ____ _____

Answer 7

Sexually transmitted infection

Question 8

What causes 90% of HPV?

Answer 8

Genital warts

Question 9

How is HPV transmitted

Answer 9

Through sexual and non-sexual person-to-person contact

Question 10

Describe specific examples of HPV transmission

Answer 10

• Skin/Mucosal Contact
• Salivary transfer
• Autoinoculation
• Breast feeding
• Perinatal transmission

Question 11

HPV infectious what types of epithelium? What layer?

Answer 11

Cutaneous and mucosal epithelium

Basal cell layer of stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 12

How long does it take HPV genital warts to develop?

Answer 12

3 weeks to several months

Question 13

How long does it take HPV cancer to develop?

Answer 13

Decades

Question 14

HPV Related Lesions:

Describe Papillary/verruciform mass

Answer 14

HPV-induced proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 15

HPV Related Lesions:

Squamous papilloma are due to what types of HPV

Answer 15

6 and 11

Question 16

HPV Related Lesions:

Squamous Papilloma have an extremely _____ virulence and infectivity rate

Answer 16

Low

Question 17

HPV Related Lesions:

Verruca Vulgaris is due to what type of HPV

Answer 17

Type 2

Question 18

HPV Related Lesions:

Verruca Vulgaris is contagious and more common on the _____

Answer 18

Skin

Question 19

HPV Related lesions:

Verruca Vulgaris usually occurs in what population?

Answer 19

Children

Question 20

HPV Related Lesions:

Condyloma acuminatum is caused by what types of HPV

Answer 20

6 and 11

Question 21

HPV Related Lesions:

Condyloma acuminatum represents a common ____

Answer 21

STI

Question 22

HPV Related Lesions:

Treatments for Squamous Papilloma, Verruca vulgaris and condyloma acuminatum

Answer 22

Conservative surgical excision

Question 23

Oropharyngeal Cancers:

Accounts for ___% of head and neck cancers

Answer 23

25%

Question 24

Oropharyngeal Cancers: What areas are most common cancer spots?

Answer 24

Tonsillar and base of tongue

Question 25

Oropharyngeal Cancers: Traditional risk factors

Answer 25

smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel chewing

Question 26

Oropharyngeal Cancers: | More recent risk factor

Answer 26

HPV Type 16

Question 27

Oropharyngeal Cancers: | 90% of HPV related oropharyngeal cancers are caused by type ____

Answer 27

16

Question 28

Oropharyngeal Cancers: | Population affected by HPV and oropharyngeal cancers

Answer 28

Patients are younger | Men are affected more than women

Question 29

How HPV progresses to cancer

Answer 29

Exposure to high HPV strains -> Persistent infection (dysplasia) -> Low grade intraepithelial neoplasia -> high grade intraepithelial neoplasia -> cancer

Question 30

Oropharyngeal Cancers: Signs and symptoms

Answer 30

- Long-lasting sore throat - Ear aches - Hoarse voice - Swollen lymph nodes - Difficulty or pain with swallowing - Unexplained weight loss

Question 31

Oropharyngeal Cancers: What are the three categories of staging?

Answer 31

1. T Category (Tumor size) 2. N Category (Nodal) 3. M Category (Number of nodes)