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Anatomy > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the mandible

A

U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw

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2
Q

Describe the maxilla

A

2 bones that form upper jaw and are connected in the median plane

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3
Q

Describe the zygomatic

A
  • Form the prominences of the cheek

- Rests on maxilla

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4
Q

Describe the nasal bone

A

Divides nasal cavity into left and right on the outside of the nose

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5
Q

Describe the nasal concha

A

Curved, bony plates on the lateral wall of each nasal cavity

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6
Q

Describe the lacrimal

A

Small bone that separates nasal cavity on the inside

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7
Q

Describe the ethmoid

A

Small bone in between eyes that when viewed from the top has a lot of dots on it

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8
Q

Describe the sphenoid

A
  • Has edges on frontal, temporal, and parietal bones

- Lies just above zygomatic

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9
Q

Describe the palatine

A

Near back of palate covering space between left and right posterior molars

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10
Q

Describe the vomer

A

Thin, flat bone that forms a part of the bony nasal septum

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11
Q

What are the 3 major sutures?

A

1) Coronal
2) Sagittal
3) Lamoid

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12
Q

What are the 5 main foramina at the base of the skull?

A

1) Cribiform
2) Optic canal
3) Carotid
4) Internal acoustic meatus
5) Jugular foramen

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13
Q

Is the cribiform foramen in the anterior or posterior skull?

A

Anterior

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14
Q

Is the jugular foramen in the anterior or posterior foramen?

A

Posterior

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15
Q

What is the main function of sinuses?

A

Filled with air to lighten the skull and decrease the amount of mass on the face

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16
Q

Describe the location of the frontal sinus

A

Between inner and outer tables of the frontal bone (above eyes)

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17
Q

Describe the location of the sphenoid sinus

A

Occupy body of sphenoid bone (bridge of nose)

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18
Q

Describe the location of the ethmoidal cells/sinus

A
  • Between nasal cavity and orbit

- More medial than sphenoid sinus

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19
Q

Describe the location of the maxillary sinus

A

Largest sinus; occupies bodies of the maxillae (covers both cheeks)

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20
Q

What are the 4 facial muscles?

A

1) Orbicularis oculi
2) Orbicularis oris
3) Buccinator
4) Frontalis

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21
Q

What are 2 functions of the orbicularis oculi?

A
  • Close eyelids

- Assist flow of tears

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22
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Sphincter of the mouth

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23
Q

What is the function of the buccinator?

A
  • Keeps cheeks taut

- Active in smiling, sucking, whistling, and blowing

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24
Q

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

A

Muscle of forehead

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25
Q

What are the facial muscles innervated by?

A

Facial nerve (motor) and trigeminal nerve (sensory)

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26
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

1) Temporalis
2) Masseter
3) Lateral pterygoid
4) Medial pterygoid

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27
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Elevates mandible

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28
Q

Describe the temporalis

A

Triangular muscles which elevates mandible

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29
Q

Describe the appearance of the masseter

A

Covers each side of mandible

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30
Q

Describe the appearance of the lateral pterygoid

A

Triangular, horizontal muscle on inside of mandible

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31
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Protracts mandible and depresses chin

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32
Q

Describe the appearance of the medial pterygoid

A

Quadrangular, vertical muscle below lateral pterygoid

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33
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

Works with masseter to elevate mandible

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34
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular nerve branch of trigeminal nerve

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35
Q

What innervates the infratemporal fossa?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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36
Q

Describe the hard palate

A
  • Anterior concave 2/3 of the palate

- Filled with tongue when it is at rest

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37
Q

Describe the soft palate

A

Movable posterior 1/3 of the palate

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38
Q

How many primary teeth are there?

A

20

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39
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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40
Q

Define dentition

A

The development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth

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41
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Alter position of tongue (stick tongue out and bring it back in)

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42
Q

What is the major muscle responsible for sticking out the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

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43
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Alter shape of tongue / actions of tongue (ex: rolling)

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44
Q

What nerves innervate the tongue?

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
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45
Q

What 5 musculoskeletal structures make up the cervical vertebrae of the neck?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Clavicle
  • Trapezius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Digastric
46
Q

What are the 2 important superior boundaries of the neck?

A

1) Mandible

2) Superior nuchal line of occipital bone

47
Q

What are the 3 important inferior boundaries of the neck?

A

1) Clavicle
2) T1 vertebra
3) 1st rib

48
Q

What is the most important fascia layer of the neck?

A

Carotid sheath

49
Q

What are the 3 main structures that are contained in the carotid sheath?

A

1) Vagus nerve
2) Common carotid artery
3) Internal jugular vein

50
Q

What are 4 important functions of the vagus nerve?

A

1) Innervate muscles of larynx
2) Speech
3) Maintaining airways
4) Movement of vocal cords

51
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Inferior border of mandible
  • Anterior border of sternocleidomastiod
  • Midline of neck
52
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Clavicle
  • Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Anterior border of trapezius
53
Q

What are 5 major structures located within the anterior triangle?

A

1) Thyroid gland
2) Larynx & trachea
3) Internal jugular vein
4) Common carotid artery
5) Vagus nerve

54
Q

What are 3 major structures located within the posterior triangle?

A

1) External jugular vein
2) Spinal accessory nerve
3) Cervical lymph node

55
Q

What are the 3 anatomical sections of the pharynx and what do they function as?

A

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx
- Function as air and food pathway

56
Q

What are the 4 cartilaginous components of the larynx?

A

1) Thyroid
2) Cricoid
3) Epiglottic
4) Arytenoid

57
Q

What is the function of the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?

A

Abducts vocal folds and maintains airways

58
Q

What is the basic function of the muscles of the larynx?

A
  • Act on vocal cords; change pitch and generate pitch

- Tense and relax vocal ligament

59
Q

What is the location of the thyroid gland?

A

Middle of neck, just above clavicle and surrounding trachea

60
Q

What is the shape of the thyroid gland?

A

H-shaped

61
Q

Where does the blood supply to the thyroid gland come from?

A

External carotid artery

62
Q

Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Begins at left vagus nerve, up through thyroid, crosses midline just below larynx, descends thyroid, and finally connects to right vagus nerve

63
Q

What is the outer ear section composed of?

A

Auricle and external acoustic meatus

64
Q

What separates the external and middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

65
Q

What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

66
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Collects sound

67
Q

What is the function of the external acoustic meatus?

A

Conducts sound to tympanic membrane

68
Q

What is the middle ear section composed of?

A

Ossicles and tympanic membrane

69
Q

What are the 3 ossicles?

A

1) Malleus
2) Incus
3) Stapes

70
Q

What is the inner ear section composed of?

A

Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, oval window, and round window

71
Q

What is the function of the malleus?

A

Transmits sound from tympanic membrane to inner ear

72
Q

What is the function of the incus?

A

Takes vibrations from malleus and conveys them to stapes

73
Q

What is the function of the stapes?

A

Transmits sound vibrations from incus to oval window

74
Q

What nerve is found in the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

75
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Shell-shaped cavity of bony labyrinth

76
Q

What is found within each semicircular duct?

A

Crista (sensory epithelium) within ampulla

77
Q

What does the kinetic labyrinth detect?

A

Rotation of head

78
Q

What are the 2 otolith organes?

A

Saccule and utricle

79
Q

What does the saccule detect?

A

Horizontal and vertical acceleration

80
Q

What does the utricle detect?

A

Linear acceleration when head is not actually moving (ex: elevator)

81
Q

What 4 structures are found in the anterior compartment of the eye?

A

1) Cornea
2) Pupil
3) Lens
4) Iris

82
Q

What 3 structures are found in the posterior compartment of the eye?

A

1) Retina
2) Fovea
3) Optic nerve

83
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the eye?

A

Receive and control entry of light into eye

84
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the eye?

A

Receive and respond to signals

85
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscle in the accomodation process of the lens?

A

Parasym of oculomotor nerve

86
Q

What are the 2 basic photoreceptors in the retina?

A

1) Rods

2) Cones

87
Q

What is found in the macula densa?

A

Thinnest, highest concentration of photoreceptors

88
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Where optic nerve forms and leaves

89
Q

What does the athymic artery do in the optic disc?

A

Distribute blood

90
Q

What are the 4 important structures of the central visual pathway?

A
  • Front anterior to posterior brain
    1) Optic nerve
    2) Optic chiasm
    3) Optic tract
    4) Visual cortex
91
Q

Describe the location of inferior oblique

A

Wrapped around bottom half eye

92
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

Extorsion – adduction, elevation and lateral rotation of eyeball

93
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior oblique?

A

Oculomotor nerve

94
Q

Describe the location of the superior oblique

A

Originates from upper, medial side of eyeball (beside the nose)

95
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

Intorsion – abduction, depression, and medial rotation of eyeball

96
Q

What is the innervation of the superior oblique?

A

Trochlear nerve

97
Q

Describe the location of the superior rectus

A

Begins at top of eye

98
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Intorsion – abduction, depression, and medial rotation of eyeball

99
Q

What is the innervation of the superior rectus?

A

Oculomotor nerve

100
Q

Describe the location of the inferior rectus

A

Begins at bottom of eye

101
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus?

A

Extorsion – adduction, elevation and lateral rotation of eyeball

102
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior rectus?

A

Oculomotor nerve

103
Q

Describe the location of the medial rectus

A

Begins on medial side of eyeball

104
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus?

A

Eyeball adduction

105
Q

What is the innervation of the medial rectus?

A

Oculomotor nerve

106
Q

Describe the location of the lateral rectus

A

Begins on lateral side of eyeball

107
Q

What is the function of the lateral rectus?

A

Eyeball abduction

108
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral rectus?

A

Abducent nerve

109
Q

Describe the location of the levator palpebrae superioris

A

Begins in upper eyelid

110
Q

What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Elevation of superior eyelid

111
Q

What is the innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Oculomotor nerve

Anatomy (6 decks)

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