Head and neck (vasculature) Flashcards
What artery supplies the anterior circulation?
internal carotid artery
what artery supplies the posterior circulation?
vertebral artery
What brings blood from the cortex into the superior sagittal sinus?
bridging veins
where does CSF drain into and through what?
Drains to the superior sagittal sinus
Through arachnoid granulations
They have microscopic one-way gates that allow CSF to pass into blood but not reverse
Where do the deeper nervous structures drain into?
inferior sagittal sinus and/or basilar vein
What vein joins the basilar vein and inferior sagittal sinus?
Great cerebral vein
Blood from the straight sinus joins what sinus and flows to where?
superior sagittal sinus
confluence of sinuses
the superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus join where?
the confluence of sinuses
Describe the drainage pattern within the dura intact
Starting from the confluence
1) drains to left and right transverse sinuses
2) sigmoid sinuses
3) internal jugular veins, exiting the skull
What is the cavernous sinus and what does it contribute to?
-venous sinus in middle cranial fossa draining through: superior petrosal sinus and inferior petrosal sinus
-contributes to internal jugular drainage
What could happen if you get an infection in the right cavernous sinus?
It could affect many nerves
(oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, ophthalmic, maxillary)
What is the main blood vessel that contributes to most skull traumas?
middle meningeal artery near the pterion
What is the difference between epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hematomas?
epidermal:
-bleeding between the skull and dura mater
-does not surpass the sutures of skull
-lots of pressure = fast
-“lense” shaped
subdural:
-bleeding between dura and arachnoid
-not impeded by sutures
-not a lot of pressure = slow
-“sickle” shaped
subarachnoid:
-rupture of cerebral arteries
-frequently by burst aneurysms
-into subarachnoid space
-not confined in one area
-lots of pressure = can cause direct damage in the area
what is a cerebral hemorrhage?
rupture of vessels inside the brain
can cause a blockage of vessels (stroke)
What parts of the body could the posterior paracentral gyrus affect?
Foot, leg, hip, abdomen, chest
What parts of the body could the postcentral gyrus affect?
arm, hand, digits, face, mouth throat
What is it called when you have the inability to understand speech/language, but able to speak intelligibly
Receptive aphasia
damage to Wernicke’s area
What is it called when you have the inability to speak coherently, but able to understand speech/language
Expressive aphasia
damage to broca’s area
Where is broca’s area located?
left frontal lobe
where is wernicke’s area located?
left temporal lobe
Describe what happens during hemispheric asymmetry in attention
if there is a left hemisphere lesion –> minimal right neglect
if there is a right hemisphere lesion –> severe left neglect
Describe korsakoff’s syndrome
usually a result from chronic alcoholism
characterized by confusion, severe memory loss, and apathy
due to poor nutrition, untreated thiamine deficiency, or damage to thalamus and parts of hypothalamus
What would happen with both temporal lobes were removed?
inability to create new memories :(
what are the pathways of the basal ganglia
Direct - increases motion
indirect - decreases motion
