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Anatomy > Head and neck cranial nerves pt 3 > Flashcards

Head and neck cranial nerves pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some main functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A

Sensory to pharynx and middle & inner ear
Motor to stylopharyngeus
Taste and sensory to posterior tongue
Innervates the parotid salivary gland
Innervates baro- and chemo-receptors in carotid vessels

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2
Q

What is the parasympathetic pathway of CN IX?

A

1) glossopharyngeal nerve
2) synapses at otic ganglion
3) jumps onto branch of V3 (auriulotemporal)
4) enters foramen ovale, going to parotid gland to produce saliva

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3
Q

What are some functions of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

Motor to pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Sensory to larynx and esophagus
Innervates aortic baroreceptors
Motor and sensory to all thoracic organs, as well as foregut and midgut

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4
Q

What would happen if there was a lesion to the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

dry mouth

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5
Q

What would happen to the parasympathetic system if there was a lesion to the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

increased HR
decreased gut peristalsis and sounds
decreased secretions from digestive glands

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6
Q

What 3 parts that make up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyx

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7
Q

which CN is responsible for motor reflex in the pharyngeal gag reflex

A

CN X - vagus - efferent limb

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8
Q

which CN is responsible for sensory in the pharyngeal gag reflex

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal - afferent limb

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9
Q

Uvula deviation is caused by what CN?

A

CN X - vagus

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10
Q

In uvula deviation, where would the uvula orient towards to?

A

Normal/stronger side

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11
Q

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(1) moving the mandible and muscles of mastication

A

CN V3

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12
Q

What CNs are responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(2) the buccinator and tongue positioning the food during chewing until the food is ready to swallow

A

CN VII - buccinator
CN XII - tongue

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13
Q

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(3) the tongue pushing bolus to the back of the oropharynx

A

CN XII

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14
Q

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(4) pharyngeal mucosa senses bolus of food entering

A

CN IX

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15
Q

What CNs are responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(5) soft palate tenses and elevates

A

CN V3 - tenses
CN X - elevates

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16
Q

What CNs are responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(6) suprahyoid muscles elevate hyoid bone, closing off the laryngeal opening

A

CN V3, VII, C1 - suprahyoid muscle

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17
Q

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(7) longitudinal pharyngeal muscles shorten pharynx and pharyngeal constrictors move bolus inferiorly

A

CN IX, X - pharynx
CN X - pharyngeal constrictors

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18
Q

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(8) longitudinal and circular fibers of esophagus take over and move bolus to stomach

A

CN X - esophagus

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19
Q

What entirely innervates the larynx

A

CN X - vagus

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20
Q

What innervates all internal muscles of the larynx

A

inferior laryngeal nerve (from recurrent laryngeal nerve)

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21
Q

what innervates only the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

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22
Q

What nerve is responsible for sensory to the larynx

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

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23
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid

A

tenses vocal fold, raising pitch

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24
Q

what is the function of the thyroarytenoid and vocalis?

A

relaxes vocal folds, lowering pitch

25
Q

what innervates the thyroarytenoid and vocalis?

A

inferior laryngeal n.

26
Q

what is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

abduct vocal fold, raising volume

27
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior criocoarytenoid?

A

inferior laryngeal n.

28
Q

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid and artenoids

A

adduct vocal fold, lowering volume

29
Q

what innervates the lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoids

A

inferior laryngeal n.

30
Q

origin of the accessory nerve?

A

C1-5 spinal cord levels

31
Q

What is the pathway of the axons from the accessory nerve?

A

exits the spinal cord
ascend through the foramen magnum
then through jugular foramen

32
Q

What 2 muscles does the accessory nerve innervate?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

33
Q

The hypoglossal nerve innervates the entire tongue except _______, which is innervated by ____

A

palatoglossus
CN X - vagus

34
Q

What does the cervical plexus (C1-3) innervate?

A

muscles near hyoid

35
Q

Damage to cervical plexus can cause what?

A

difficulty swallowing

36
Q

What is the loop created in the cervical plexus and what is it responsible for?

A

ansa cervicalis
carries sensory axons from neck, ear, clavicles, and posterolateral scalp

37
Q

What innervates the palatoglossus

A

CN X - vagus

38
Q

What innervates the styloglossus

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

39
Q

what innervates the stylohyoid

A

CN VII - facial

40
Q

what innervates the hypoglossus

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

41
Q

what innervates the tendon of digastic muscle

A

CN VII - facial
CN V3 - mandibular

42
Q

what innervates the mylohyoid

A

CN V3 - mandibular

43
Q

what innervates the geniohyoid

A

C1 - ansa cervicalis

44
Q

What innervates the genioglossus

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

45
Q

what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

46
Q

What happens if there was damage to CN XII (hypoglossal)

A

Atrophy, weakness, and fasciculations of the ipsilateral muscles of tongue
Tongue will point TOWARD to AFFECTED side when sticking out because the intact genioglossal muscle crowds out the weakened side

47
Q

What nerve is responsible for general sensation and taste of the epiglottis

A

vagus CN X

48
Q

What nerve is responsible for general sensation and taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

49
Q

What nerve is responsible for general sensation (heat, temp) of the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

lingual nerve - branch of mandibular nerve (V3)

50
Q

What nerve is responsible for taste of the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

chorda tympani - branch of facial nerve

51
Q

What are the parts of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bone
Frontal lobes
olfactory nerve (CN I)
orbit of eyes is just inferior

52
Q

What are the parts of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid, temporal bones
Temporal lobes
hypothalamus, pituitary glands
Middle meningeal artery
cavernous sinus
optic nerve (CN II), CN III, IV, V, VI

53
Q

What nerve exits out of the cribriform?

A

olfactory CN I

54
Q

what nerve exits out of the optic foramen?

A

optic CN II

55
Q

what nerves exit out of the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor CN III
trochlear CN IV
abducens CN VI

56
Q

What nerves exit out of the internal auditory meatus?

A

facial CN VII
vestibulocochlear CNVIII

57
Q

what nerves exit out of the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX
vagus CN X
Accessory CN XI

58
Q

What nerve exits out of the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal CN XII

Anatomy (8 decks)

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