Head and neck cranial nerves pt 3

Question 1

What are some main functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Answer 1

Sensory to pharynx and middle & inner ear
Motor to stylopharyngeus
Taste and sensory to posterior tongue
Innervates the parotid salivary gland
Innervates baro- and chemo-receptors in carotid vessels

Question 2

What is the parasympathetic pathway of CN IX?

Answer 2

1) glossopharyngeal nerve
2) synapses at otic ganglion
3) jumps onto branch of V3 (auriulotemporal)
4) enters foramen ovale, going to parotid gland to produce saliva

Question 3

What are some functions of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

Answer 3

Motor to pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Sensory to larynx and esophagus
Innervates aortic baroreceptors
Motor and sensory to all thoracic organs, as well as foregut and midgut

Question 4

What would happen if there was a lesion to the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

Answer 4

dry mouth

Question 5

What would happen to the parasympathetic system if there was a lesion to the vagus nerve (CN X)?

Answer 5

increased HR
decreased gut peristalsis and sounds
decreased secretions from digestive glands

Question 6

What 3 parts that make up the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 6

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyx

Question 7

which CN is responsible for motor reflex in the pharyngeal gag reflex

Answer 7

CN X - vagus - efferent limb

Question 8

which CN is responsible for sensory in the pharyngeal gag reflex

Answer 8

CN IX - glossopharyngeal - afferent limb

Question 9

Uvula deviation is caused by what CN?

Answer 9

CN X - vagus

Question 10

In uvula deviation, where would the uvula orient towards to?

Answer 10

Normal/stronger side

Question 11

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(1) moving the mandible and muscles of mastication

Answer 11

CN V3

Question 12

What CNs are responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(2) the buccinator and tongue positioning the food during chewing until the food is ready to swallow

Answer 12

CN VII - buccinator
CN XII - tongue

Question 13

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(3) the tongue pushing bolus to the back of the oropharynx

Answer 13

CN XII

Question 14

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(4) pharyngeal mucosa senses bolus of food entering

Answer 14

CN IX

Question 15

What CNs are responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(5) soft palate tenses and elevates

Answer 15

CN V3 - tenses
CN X - elevates

Question 16

What CNs are responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(6) suprahyoid muscles elevate hyoid bone, closing off the laryngeal opening

Answer 16

CN V3, VII, C1 - suprahyoid muscle

Question 17

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(7) longitudinal pharyngeal muscles shorten pharynx and pharyngeal constrictors move bolus inferiorly

Answer 17

CN IX, X - pharynx
CN X - pharyngeal constrictors

Question 18

What CN is responsible for this step during mastication and swallowing:
(8) longitudinal and circular fibers of esophagus take over and move bolus to stomach

Answer 18

CN X - esophagus

Question 19

What entirely innervates the larynx

Answer 19

CN X - vagus

Question 20

What innervates all internal muscles of the larynx

Answer 20

inferior laryngeal nerve (from recurrent laryngeal nerve)

Question 21

what innervates only the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 21

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 22

What nerve is responsible for sensory to the larynx

Answer 22

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 23

What is the function of the cricothyroid

Answer 23

tenses vocal fold, raising pitch

Question 24

what is the function of the thyroarytenoid and vocalis?

Answer 24

relaxes vocal folds, lowering pitch

Question 25

what innervates the thyroarytenoid and vocalis?

Answer 25

inferior laryngeal n.

Question 26

what is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid?

Answer 26

abduct vocal fold, raising volume

Question 27

what is the innervation of the posterior criocoarytenoid?

Answer 27

inferior laryngeal n.

Question 28

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid and artenoids

Answer 28

adduct vocal fold, lowering volume

Question 29

what innervates the lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoids

Answer 29

inferior laryngeal n.

Question 30

origin of the accessory nerve?

Answer 30

C1-5 spinal cord levels

Question 31

What is the pathway of the axons from the accessory nerve?

Answer 31

exits the spinal cord ascend through the foramen magnum then through jugular foramen

Question 32

What 2 muscles does the accessory nerve innervate?

Answer 32

Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

Question 33

The hypoglossal nerve innervates the entire tongue except _______, which is innervated by ____

Answer 33

palatoglossus CN X - vagus

Question 34

What does the cervical plexus (C1-3) innervate?

Answer 34

muscles near hyoid

Question 35

Damage to cervical plexus can cause what?

Answer 35

difficulty swallowing

Question 36

What is the loop created in the cervical plexus and what is it responsible for?

Answer 36

ansa cervicalis carries sensory axons from neck, ear, clavicles, and posterolateral scalp

Question 37

What innervates the palatoglossus

Answer 37

CN X - vagus

Question 38

What innervates the styloglossus

Answer 38

CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 39

what innervates the stylohyoid

Answer 39

CN VII - facial

Question 40

what innervates the hypoglossus

Answer 40

CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 41

what innervates the tendon of digastic muscle

Answer 41

CN VII - facial CN V3 - mandibular

Question 42

what innervates the mylohyoid

Answer 42

CN V3 - mandibular

Question 43

what innervates the geniohyoid

Answer 43

C1 - ansa cervicalis

Question 44

What innervates the genioglossus

Answer 44

CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 45

what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 45

CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 46

What happens if there was damage to CN XII (hypoglossal)

Answer 46

Atrophy, weakness, and fasciculations of the ipsilateral muscles of tongue Tongue will point TOWARD to AFFECTED side when sticking out because the intact genioglossal muscle crowds out the weakened side

Question 47

What nerve is responsible for general sensation and taste of the epiglottis

Answer 47

vagus CN X

Question 48

What nerve is responsible for general sensation and taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue?

Answer 48

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 49

What nerve is responsible for general sensation (heat, temp) of the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 49

lingual nerve - branch of mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 50

What nerve is responsible for taste of the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 50

chorda tympani - branch of facial nerve

Question 51

What are the parts of the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 51

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bone Frontal lobes olfactory nerve (CN I) orbit of eyes is just inferior

Question 52

What are the parts of the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 52

Sphenoid, temporal bones Temporal lobes hypothalamus, pituitary glands Middle meningeal artery cavernous sinus optic nerve (CN II), CN III, IV, V, VI

Question 53

What nerve exits out of the cribriform?

Answer 53

olfactory CN I

Question 54

what nerve exits out of the optic foramen?

Answer 54

optic CN II

Question 55

what nerves exit out of the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 55

oculomotor CN III trochlear CN IV abducens CN VI

Question 56

What nerves exit out of the internal auditory meatus?

Answer 56

facial CN VII vestibulocochlear CNVIII

Question 57

what nerves exit out of the jugular foramen?

Answer 57

glossopharyngeal CN IX vagus CN X Accessory CN XI

Question 58

What nerve exits out of the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 58

hypoglossal CN XII