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Anatomy > Head and Neck Cranial Nerves pt 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Cranial Nerves pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is CN I and what is the function

A

Olfactory nerve
Olfaction

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2
Q

What is CNII and what the function?

A

optic nerve
vision

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3
Q

what is CN III and what is the function?

A

oculomotor nerve
eye movements, pupil constriction

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4
Q

what is CN IV and what is the function?

A

trochlear nerve
eye movements

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5
Q

what is CN V and what is the function?

A

trigeminal nerve
facial sensation, muscles of mastication

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6
Q

what is CN VI and what is the function?

A

abducens nerve
eye movements

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7
Q

what is CN VII and what is the function?

A

facial nerve
muscles of facial expression, taste, lacrimation, salivation

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8
Q

what is CN VIII and what is the function?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve
hearing, equilibrium sense

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9
Q

what is CN IX and what is the function?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
pharyngeal muscles, carotid body reflexes, salivation

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10
Q

what is CN X and what is the function?

A

vagus nerve
parasympathetics to most organs, laryngeal muscles (voice), pharyngeal muscles, aortic arch reflexes

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11
Q

what is CN XI and what is the function?

A

spinal accessory nerve
head turning (trapezius and sternomastoid)

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12
Q

what is CN XII and what is the function

A

hypoglossal nerve
tongue movement

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13
Q

What CN is responsible for facial sensation

A

CN V

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14
Q

what CN is responsible for sensory in the ear canal?

A

CN VII, IX, X

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15
Q

what CN is responsible for sensory in the pharynx?

A

CN IX

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16
Q

what CN is responsible for smell?

A

CN I

17
Q

what CN is responsible for vision

A

CN II

18
Q

what CN is responsible for hearing and balance?

A

CN VIII

19
Q

What CN is responsible for taste?

A

CN VII, IX, X

20
Q

How does the olfactory nerve elicit smell?

A

Olfactory bulb sends out olfactory nerves that reaches into the superior nasal cavity

21
Q

How does the optic nerve elicit sight?

A

1) Retina sends out axons through left and right optic nerve
2) The axons switch at optic chiasm
3) Axons synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus
4) then travels to occipital lobe

22
Q

what are the rods responsible for?

A

b/w, movement

23
Q

what are cones responsible for?

A

color, details

24
Q

What is created when light enters the eye? what do the parts of the visual field project?

A

reversed image
Upper visual field projects to the inferior retina, lower visual field projects to the superior retina

25
Q

What happens if theres an impingement of an optic nerve?

A

visual deficits affecting one eye

26
Q

what happens if theres an impingement of optic radiations?

A

homonymous hemianopia - one visual field

27
Q

what happens if there is an impingement of the optic chiasm?

A

bitemporal hemianopia: loss of signals from each nasal retina –> loss of each temporal field

28
Q

What happens if theres an impingement of a single optic radiation (in Meyer’s loop)?

A

quadrantanopia - loss of visual field quadrant

29
Q

What happens if theres a lesion of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Leaves only lateral retus and superior oblique intact
“down and out” appearance

30
Q

what happens if theres a lesion of the trochlear nerve

A

-Damaged superior oblique
-Reported double vision when looking in and down with affected eye, when going down stairs
-Head tilt away from affected side

31
Q

What happens if theres a lesion of the abducens nerve

A

lateral rectus damage
inability to look laterally past midline
reported double vision when looking laterally
often due to internal carotid aneurysm

32
Q

What is an early sign of increased intracranial pressure? What is the cause?

A

Loss of parasympathetic effect of an eye (always dilated)
Dura mater pushing against oculomotor nerve

33
Q

What is the most common aneurysm to cause CN III compression?

A

posterior communicating artery

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect on lens when ciliary muscle is relaxed?

A

Relaxation of muscle = stronger/tenser fibers = flat lens

35
Q

What are the CN responsible for motor to somite-derived muscles?

A

CN III, IV, VI - eyes
CN XI - SCM, trapezius
CN XII - tongue

36
Q

What CN are responsible for motor to muscles of pharyngeal arches?

A

CN V - muscles of mastication
CN VII - Facial muscles
CN IX - pharynx
CN X - palate, pharynx, larynx

Anatomy (8 decks)

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