head and neck pathology Flashcards
what are the benefits of using ultrasound
- real time imaging
- great for assessing superficial structures
- readily available, cheap, portable
for a neck ultrasound, how many ultrasound sweeps are done
7
what are the 7 ultrasound sweeps of the neck
- submental
- submandibular
- parotid
- down side neck for lymph nodes
- supraclavicular fossa
- posterior neck
- thyroid
what does ROSE stand for in ultrasound
rapid on site evaluation
what does rapid on site evaluation allow
- immediate feedback
- quality prep
- reduction in no of procedures
- reduced referral to treatment/waiting times
What are 2 types of salivary gland lesions
- warthins tumour
- pleomorphic adenoma
what is warthins tumour
benign parotid tumour
what is pleomorphic adenoma
benign salivary gland tumor (parotid in particular) originating from epithelial and my-epithelial cells
what is squamous cell carcinmoa
skin cancer
where is squamous cell carcinoma derived from
- mucosal epithelium in oral cavity, pharynx and larynx
what is lymphoma and its symptoms
- enlarged nodes / cancer of lymphs
- weight loss, night sweats, tiredness, fever
what is sarcoma
general term for a broad group of cancers that begin in the bones and in the soft (also called connective) tissues (soft tissue sarcoma)
thyroid cancer
tongue based tumours
sarcoma
lymphoma
squamous cell carcinoma
are all pathologies of neck
what are thyroid nodules
overgrowth of cells in the thyroid gland.
- may or may not be malignant
what is a sialogram
xray of the salivary ducts and glands
where is contrast injected during a sialogram
into the parotid gland duct
what are the 3 major salivary glands
- submandibular
- sublingual
- parotid
which duct drains saliva from the parotid gland into the mouth at the spanning the area of the upper cheek>
stensons duct
the submandibular glands make 70% of saliva, which duct does this saliva travel from the submandibular gland and where is it
- whartons duct
- located on the floor of the mouth underneath the front of the tongue
sublingual glands reside underneath the tongue and supply saliva to floor of mouth too
what is lymphodenopathy
pathology of lymph nodes
identify what a normal thyroid looks like on ultrasound and compare it to one that has a nodule for example (check image in row)
what are some reasons for the cause of salivary gland pathology which would require a sialogram for inspection
- Blocked or narrow salivary ducts
-Salivary gland stones, known as calculi or sialolithiasis
-Salivary gland infection or sialadenitis
-Salivary gland inflammation or sialectasis
-Salivary gland tumor
describe how a sialogram is performed
find video or website
