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Year 2 Systems > Head and Neck Formative > Flashcards

Head and Neck Formative Flashcards

1
Q

A patient presents with a midline neck swelling that moves on tongue protrusion. What is the most likely lesion?

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

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2
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Inflammation behind the eardrum

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3
Q

Symptoms of otitis media

A 
Earache
Fever
Being sick
Lack of energy
Slight hearing loss
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4
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Otitis media with effusion

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5
Q

What are grommets used for?

A

Children with recurrent severe middle ear infections may have tubes inserted into the eardrum to help drain fluid

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6
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Swimmer’s ear, inflammation of external ear canal (between ear drum and outer ear)

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7
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

A skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location; the middle ear behind the eardrum
Usually caused by repeated infection that causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum

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8
Q

On going epistaxis after a nasal fracture is most likely to be originating from which artery?

A

Anterior ethmoid

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9
Q

A 58 year old gentleman presents with hearing loss affecting his left ear. Weber’s test localises to the right side and Rinne’s test is positive on both sides. What is the likely hearing issue?

A

Left sensorineural hearing loss

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10
Q

Weber’s test

A

To detect sensorineural hearing loss

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11
Q

Rinne’s test

A

To detect conductive hearing loss

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12
Q

Which cone contacts the oval window as the last bone in the ossicular chain?

A

Stapes

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13
Q

What is the order of bones in the ossicular chain from the eardrum to the oval window?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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14
Q

A patient with diabetes presents with necrotising otitis externa having had multiple courses of topical antibiotics. What is the likely causative organism?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

A patient with a family history of MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) presents with an anterior neck swelling and weight loss. She is found to have a high calcitonin on blood tests. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

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16
Q

What is a thymoma?

A

A tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus that may be benign or malignant

17
Q

What does the chorda tympani innervate?

A

Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Efferent parasympathetic secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands

18
Q

What is a septal haematoma?

A

A collection of blood in the septum

19
Q

What is nasal vestibulitis?

A

Diffuse dermatitis of nasal vestibule

Often caused by Staphylococcus aureus

20
Q

A 65 year old male presents with a 3 month history of hoarseness and weight loss. He smokes 20 a day. Examination reveals a suspicious vocal cord lesion which is confirmed on biopsy to be cancer. Which imaging modality is commonly used to help stage the patient?

A

CT of the neck and chest

21
Q

A post thyroidectomy patient presents with a hoarse voice and is found to have a paralysed left vocal cord. Which nerve has been damaged?

A

Recurrant laryngeal nerve

22
Q

Presbycusis is often referred to as ‘age related hearing loss’. What is the most common finding on audiogram?

A

Sloping sensorineural hearing loss with hearing worse in higher frequencies

23
Q

How is glue ear treated?

A

With a grommet in the tympanic membrane

24
Q

A 60 year old patient presents with a right sided lower motor neurone facial nerve palsy and some vesicle around his external auditory canal. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Ramsey Hunt syndrome

25
Q

What is Ramsey Hunt syndrome?

A

An acute peripheral facial neuropathy associated with erythematous vesicular rash of the skin of the ear canal, auricle (also termed herpes zoster oticus), and/or mucous membrane of the oropharynx

26
Q

A 5 year old girl presents with a 3 week history of foul smelling unilateral nasal discharge. She is afebrile and otherwise asymptomatic. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Retained foreign body

27
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Problem transferring soundwaves anywhere along the pathway of the inner ear
A problem with the inner ear or sensory organ or vestibulocochlear nerve

Year 2 Systems (9 decks)

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