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Voice > Head and Neck Cancer > Flashcards

Head and Neck Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of head and neck cancers are squamous cell?

A

90%

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2
Q

Risk level for head and neck cancer depends on: (4)

A
  • Daily consumption
  • Type
  • Toxicity
  • Manner of tobacco use
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2
Q

Multidisciplinary team

performs and determines the results of imaging including MRI, CT scans, or ultrasound for the diagnosis or post-treatment assessments

A

Radiologist/Nuclear Medicine Specialist

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2
Q

an approach where radiation is administered alone as a curative method (chemotherapy does not apply)

A

Definitive

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2
Q

modified technique with removal of half of the larynx vertically and the upper half of the contralateral larynx, including the ventricle and upper margin of the vocal fold.

A

subtotal laryngectomy

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2
Q

therapeutic compensation

effortful focus on closing the vocal folds during non-phonatory or phonatory tasks

A

Vocal fold adduction exercises

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2
Q
  • Involves surgically creating a small puncture through the posterior tracheal wall into the esophagus. A small one-way valve (prosthesis) is inserted into the puncture in order to prevent its spontaneous closure and prevent the aspiration of pharyngoesophageal contents into the trachea
A

Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP)

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2
Q

arises from the leanocytic system of the skin or other organs

A

melanoma

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3
Q

Factors affecting post laryngectomy mode of communication selection

A
  • age
  • cognitive status
  • motor coordination
  • personal preferences
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4
Q

a type of laryngectomy designed with speech reconstruction in mind

  • this surgery typically includes removal of the supraglottic structures including the true and false vocal folds, and the thyroid cartilage including the paraglottic and pre-epiglottic spaces
A

Supracricoid laryngectomy

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5
Q

morbid conditions following the consequences of idsease and could include pain, bleeding, ulcerations to mucosa, bone damage, permanent damage to salivary galnds, chewing difficulty, and/or dysphagia

A

Sequelae

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6
Q

tracheoesophageal speech advantages (3)

A
  • more natural speech
  • improved intelligibility
  • greater sound duration
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7
Q
  • The entire larynx is removed
  • the hyoid bone is cut from the suprahyoid musculature
  • thyroid and cricoid cartilages are removed from the pharyngeal muscles and trachea
  • communication is dependent on alaryngeal speech modes
A

Total laryngectomy

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8
Q

develops in the glandular lining of an organ

A

adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Artificial larynx advantages (4)

A
  • fast and easy way to communicate after surgery
  • can be used as a backup to another means of communicating
  • battery operated
  • volume and pitch control features
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10
Q

Voice pathologist’s involvement in electromechanical speech

A
  • selects the most appropriate device
  • teaches basic use/care
  • assess for neck placement post-healing
  • trains the patient to use the device in all communicative settings
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11
Q

removal of one ventrical half of the larynx including one false vocal fold, ventricle, true vocal fold, and portion of the thyroid cartilage on the involved side.

A

hemilaryngectomy

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12
Q

Laryngectomy types (5)

A
  • Total laryngectomy
  • Partial laryngectomies
    • hemilaryngectomy
    • supraglottal laryngectomy
    • supracricoid laryngectomy
    • subtotal laryngectomy
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13
Q

Multidisciplinary team

performs any reconstructive surgery that may be necessary after the cancer treatment to lessen the appearance of scarring or removal of structures

A

Plastic Surgeon

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14
Q

Post-laryngectomy communication options (3)

A
  • Artificial/electromechanical
  • esophageal
  • prosthetic
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15
Q

Multidisciplinary Team

studies the stages of the tumor development and the potential involvement of the surrounding tissues or structures

A

Radiation Oncologist

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15
Q

Multidisciplinary team

makes replacements for removed teeth or other oral cavity structures helps in restoring the patient’s comfort, health and appearance

A

Dental/maxillofacial prosthodontist

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15
Q

Multidisciplinary team

a person who has experienced the patient’s situation (or similar) and has adjusted well to it

A

Laryngectomized Visitor

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15
Q

Laryngectomy post surgical counseling

A
  • Readdress psychosocial issues
  • encourage participation in support groups
  • facilitate socialization
  • assist in the emotional recovery
  • teach modes of speech
16
Q

Artificial larynx disadvantages (4)

A
  • monopitch/metallic sound
  • requires clear articulation skills
  • hand-held device
  • difficult to use with telephone
17
Q

Multidisciplinary Team

examines any tissue that has been removed during the patient’s course of treatment to evaluate it for abnormalities

A

Pathologist

18
Q

Tracheo-esophageal speech (TEP) Disadvantages

A
  • requires a good seal around the perimeter of the stoma
  • requires ability to maintain prosthesis
  • costly: some equipment needs to be replaced daily
19
Q

Multidisciplinary team

part of the health care team for postoperative management of medical comorbidities, such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure

A

Internal medicine

20
Q

usually part of or all of the hyoid and epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and false vocal folds are removed

A

Supraglottic laryngectomy

21
Q

Multidisciplinary team

provides counseling to the patient or family to help them cope with issues

A

Mental health counselor/ social worker/ case manager

22
Q
  • a method to warm and filter air via the stoma
  • involve use of disposable filter cassette that attaches to the stoma with an adhesive base plate, laryngectomy button, or laryngectomy tube
  • heat and moisture will be absorbed by the filtering mechanism and transferred back to the incoming air
  • Uses increases in the air temperature and the humidity of air entering the body therebypromoting function of cilia in the lungs
A

HME

Heat and moisture exchange system

23
Q

therapeutic compensation

this helps by pushing the epiglottis posteriorly, narrowing the airway entrance

A

chin down technique

24
Q

Multidisciplinary Team

administers chemotherapeutic agents, often used in conjunction with radiation therapy in later stage tumor

A

Medical Oncologist

25
Q

Multidisciplinary team

diagnoses the disease and organizes the treatment plan including the medical management of the condition

A

Head and neck surgeon

26
Q

Multidisciplinary team

evaluates and provides treatment for head and neck cancer patients with short-term and long-term communication needs

A

Voice Pathologist

27
Q

energy in the form of waves or moving subatomic particles emitted by an atom or other body as it changes from a higher energy state to a lower energy state

A

Radiation

28
Q

removing part or all of the vocal folds; it can be used to treat very limited or superficial glottic cancers

A

cordectomy

29
Q

therapeutic compensation

rotation to the operated side is used to achieve airway closure; this may be combined with a chin down technique

A

head rotation technique

30
Q
  • Can be produced when the individual transports a small amount (±75 mL) of air from the oral and pharyngeal cavity into the esophagus
  • The air is redirected back past the PE segment to force vibration of the tissue
  • Rapid repetition of the air transport can ultimately produce intelligible esophageal speech
  • The patient then forms this sound into words with the tongue, lips, teeth, and palate
A

Esophageal speech

31
Q

Role of voice pathologist in total laryngectomy (3)

A
  • presurgical counseling
  • postsurgical counseling and management
  • offering modes of communication following total laryngectomy
32
Q

Multidisciplinary team

evaluates the patient’s nutritional health prior to and following surgery, radiation, or other intensive treatments

A

Registered Dietitian

33
Q

an approach which typically follows surgery and enhances the outcome response

A

Adjuvant

34
Q
  • begins in cells of the immune system
  • many subtypes
A

Lymphoma

35
Q

Staging of head and neck cancers

Tumor (T)

A

extent of primary tumor

36
Q

Multidisciplinary team

works to restore movement or skills that have been impaired due to surgery

A

Physical/Occupational Therapist

37
Q

Post radiation symptoms (5)

A
  • dental loss
  • dysphagia
  • dysphonia
  • edema
  • fatigue
38
Q

Two types of TEP prostheses

A
  • Non-Indwelling
  • Indwelling
39
Q

treatment of a disease by chemicals that kill cells, specifically those of microorganisms or cancer

A

Chemotherapy

40
Q

head and neck cancers account for what percentage of new cases of cancer in the United States?

A

3%

41
Q

arises from connective tissue

A

sarcoma

42
Q

Esophageal speech advantages

A
  • no devices are needed to produce speech
  • it is possible to produce a normal sounding voice
43
Q

Role of SLP during organ preservation protocols (4)

A
  • perform clinical eval of speech, voice, and swallowing pre-chemo
  • patient counseling
  • provide patient with swallow rehab plan and vocal hygiene protocol to minimize side-effects
  • minimize long term effects on speech and swallowing
44
Q

Esophageal speech disadvantages (4)

A
  • low pitch sound derived rom a controlled belch or burp
  • difficult to learn
  • articulation must be clear
  • reduced length of utterance
45
Q

Staging of head and neck cancers

Nodal disease (N)

A

lymphatic spread; regional metastasis

46
Q

Laryngectomy pre-surgical counseling

A
  • typically conducted two weeks prior to the scheduled surgery date
  • psychosocial issues are addressed
  • description of possible swallowing deficits and alterations in anatomy
  • practice with alternative modes of communication
  • baseline measures are taken for speech, voice, and swallowing
47
Q

Treatment options for head and neck cancers (4)

A
  • Definitive
  • concommitant
  • adjuvant
  • organ preservation
48
Q

Multidisciplinary team

provides personnel care for the patient in all phases of inpatient diagnosis and treatment, and are often involved in case coordination in the outpatient setting

A

Nurse

49
Q

Multidisciplinary team

evaluates, treats, and cares for breathing or respiratory disorders

A

Respiratory Therapist

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