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Voice > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the rest position of the lungs

lungs are infalted to 40% of total lung capacity

A

functional residual capacity (FRC)

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2
Q

Parietal pleura

A

membrane that lines the thorax

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2
Q

Define and give an example of intrinsic factors

A
  • factors that the patient has less control over
  • anatomic response of the vocal folds to mensturation
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2
Q

Define and give an example of extrinsic factors

A
  • factors to which the patient may be exposed
  • exposure to cigarette smoke
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2
Q

The degree of anteroposterior and lateral compression during phonation

A

supraglottic activity

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2
Q

Numbers are assigned to attributes

1= normal 2= mild etc.

A

ordinal scale

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2
Q

the degree of vocal fold movement during phonation

A

vocal fold mobility

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2
Q

voice impairment and/or change in pitch, loudness, or quality

A

dysphonia

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2
Q
  • a judgement of how irregular and noisy the voice sounds
  • it should relate to aperiodicity in the vibratory cycle
A

GRBAS roughness

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2
Q

regularity of successive cyles of vibration during phonation

A

periodicity

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2
Q
  • imaging the larynx using a strobe light
  • uses interrupted light to make objects appear as if they are moving in slow motion
A

laryngostroboscopy

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2
Q

A frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency

A

harmonic

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3
Q

the degree of movement from the medial to the lateral aspects of the vocal fold during phonation

A

amplitude of vibration

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3
Q

a tool where a line is used with 2 defined endpoints and ratings can be placed on the line to define the magnitude of a sensation

A

visual analog scale

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3
Q

3 registers

A
  • Pulse- low end
  • modal- fundamental frequency most commonly used by speaker
  • falsetto- upper end
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4
Q

What does CAPE-V stand for?

A

Consensus of auditory perceptual evaluation of voice

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5
Q

Physiologically measures of relative noise levels measures what?

A

the overall stability of vocal fold vibration

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6
Q

specific field within aerodynamics that studies the airflow and pressure that are produced during voice production and is considered an essential tool in the voice laboratory as part of the clinical voice evaluation

A

laryngearl aerodynamics

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7
Q

How many items are on the voice related quality of life index?

A

10

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8
Q

General methods for collection of aerodynamic signals

A
  • circumferentially vented pneumotrachograph facemask
  • differential pressure transducer
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9
Q

visual display of a speech signal across time giving information about frequency and intensity in the display

A

spectrogram

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10
Q

A method to gather comprehensive data about the entire range of fundamental frequencies and intensities that a patient can produce

A

voice range profile (VRP)

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11
Q

Alveolar pressure is changed by 2 forces. Name and give an example of each type of force.

A
  • Passive force-diaphragm returning to rest
  • Active force- contraction of expiratory muscles
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12
Q

A judgement of how compressed or hyperfunctional the voice sounds

A

GRBAS strain

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13
Q

The degree to which the vocal folds move together during vocal fold closure during phonation

A

Phase closure

14
Q

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

A

it contracts, moving downward and flattens enlarging the chest cavity, pushing the ribs out

14
Q

4 categories of instrumental assessment

A
  • Imaging
  • aerodynamics
  • acoustics
  • perceptual tools
14
Q

high-pitch audible noise typically heard during inspiration

A

stridor

14
Q

Physiologically, what does the measure of fundamental frequency reflect?

A

the number of vocal fold vibratory cycles per second

14
Q

Primary mechanism for increasing loudness

A

increasing subglottal pressure

15
Q

What is the position of the diaphragm at rest?

A

dome shaped

17
Q

Visual examination options

A
  • mirror exam (can’t assess VF movement)
  • Oral rigid laryngoscopy
  • Transnasal flexible laryngoscopy
19
Q

What would you use to assess vocal fold function during more complex vocal tasks?

A

transnasal flexible laryngoscope

21
Q

visceral pleura

A

membrane that lines the lungs

22
Q

identification of portions of the vocal fold that are not moving during phonation

A

non-vibratory portion

23
Q

assessment of the general impression of laryngeal function during phonation relative to a healthy laryngeal examination

A

overall laryngeal function

24
Q

What 2 kinds of information are obtaiend using acoustic analysis?

A
  • vocal fold physiology
  • perception of voice
26
Q

technique designed for direct observation of vocal fold movement allowing high speed scanning up to 8000 frames/sec.

A

videokymography

28
Q
  • reflects the acoustic power in the voice
  • related to a patient’s ability to generate and maintain subglottal pressure
  • perceptually related to loudness
A

vocal intensity

29
Q

the behaviors that contribute to laryngeal injury, inflammation, and other forms of damage

A

phonotrauma

30
Q

measures that reflect the cycle to cycle variablity in the speech acoustic signal

A

short-term perturbation

31
Q

continued air pressure is developed and built up underneath the vocal folds at an amount great enough to displace the inertial property of the vocal folds at an amount great enough to displace the inertial property of the vocal fold tissue and sustain the vibration of the vocal fold over time

A

myoelastic aerodynamic theory

32
Q

a peak in the frequency spectrum of a sound cause by acoustic resonance

A

formant frequency

34
Q

The act of inspiration is always active or passive?

A

active

35
Q

Name 3 changes that may accompany a voice disorder

A
  • quality
  • pitch
  • loudness
37
Q

the assessment of the degree of traveling wave that is present on the superior surface of the vocal fold during phonation

A

mucosal wave

38
Q
  • A judgement of how much additional airflow is perceived
  • it should relate to higher minimum airflow during the clottal cycle
A

GRBAS breathiness

39
Q
  • A 43 item questionnaire that gathers data from patients about their voice severity
  • 3 factors
    • impairment
    • emotional
    • physical
A

voice symptom scale (VoiSS)

40
Q
  • the level of noise relative to the level of the harmonics or the periodic signal generated by vocal fold vibration
  • the relative level of nosie increases as the vocal fold vibration becomes irregular or if the vocal fold fails to completely close the glottis
A

Relative noise level

41
Q

What does the VHI measure?

A

perceptual handicap associated with a voice disorder

43
Q
  • judgement of how rough the voice sounds
A

GRBAS- grade

44
Q

GRBAS stands for…

A

Grade

Roughness

Breathiness

Aesthenia

Strain

45
Q

the voice related quality of life index measures…

A

the social-emotional and physical aspects of voice problems in adults

47
Q

the amount of presure directly below the vocal folds developed by the respiratory system for voice production

measured cm/H20)

A

subglottal air pressure

48
Q

the degree to which the vocal folds meet on the same vertical plane during phonation

A

vertical level of approximation

50
Q

allows examiner to see fine details of successive vocal fold movement in real time rather than the illusion of successive vibrations

A

high sped digital videoendoscopy

51
Q

What is the mechanism for changing pitch?

A
  • vocal fold length- cricothyroid muscle
52
Q

the degree to which the vocal folds close during maximum adduction during phonation

A

glottal closure

53
Q

the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration

A

vital capacity

54
Q

a branch of science concerned with the study of gas motion in objects and the forces that are created

A

aerodynamics

55
Q

soreness or pain in throat following prolonged voice use

A

odynophonia

56
Q

degree to which the two vocal folds mirror eachothers’ movement during phonation

A

Phase symmetry

Voice (8 decks)

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