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Anatomy II > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the calvaria?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital

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2
Q

How are the bones of the calvaria formed?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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3
Q

What is special about the shape of the calvaria?

A

Convex shape resists impact.

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4
Q

What are the fontanelles?

A

membrane-covered parts of the skull where sutures form.

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5
Q

What does a bulging or tense fontanelle indicate?

A

increased intracranial pressure

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6
Q

What do sunken fontanelles indicate?

A

Decreased intracranial pressure, usually due to dehydration.

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7
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior.

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8
Q

What makes up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal bone, crista galli, cribiform plate of ethmoid, lesser wings of the sphenoid

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9
Q

What structures does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

A

Frontal lobe, CN I (olfactory n.)

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10
Q

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid, temporal bones.

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11
Q

What structures does the middle cranial fossa contain?

A

sella tursica, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale

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12
Q

GFFWhat lobe of the brain rests in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes.

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13
Q

Where are the sinuses?

A

Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, frontal, temporal

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14
Q

What innervates the gums and teeth?

A

Alveolar nerve

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15
Q

What does the mandible hold?

A

Lower row of teeth in gomphosis joint at alveolar processes

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16
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial joint with an Articular disc.

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17
Q

What is the articulation for the TMJ?

A

Between the fibular portion of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and Articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

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18
Q

Which nerve innervates the TMJ?

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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19
Q

What is the hyoid bone suspended from?

A

The stylohyoid ligaments from the stupid processes of the temporal bones.

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20
Q

What are the parts of the hyoid bone?

A

Body, 2 less coruna, and 2 greater coruna

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21
Q

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

A

It is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with any other bone.

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22
Q

What is the hyoid an attachment point for?

A

Muscles responsible for speech and swallowing.

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23
Q

What bones make up the bony orbit?

A

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, zygomatic, and palantine

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24
Q

What are the bony projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

The conchae

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25
Q

What bone do the superior and middle conchae come from?

A

The ethmoid bone.

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26
Q

What are the inferior conchae?

A

Individual bones

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27
Q

What does the roof of the nasal cavity contain?

A

Receptors from the olfactory nerve.

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28
Q

What is the nasal septum made from?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer, and cartilage

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29
Q

What do the conchae do?

A

Warm and filter inhaled air and the mucosa traps antigens.

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30
Q

What are sutures in the skill?

A

Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull.

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31
Q

What are the names if the sutures in the skull?

A

Coronal, sagiattal, lambdoidal, squamosal

32
Q

What are the names of the junctions of the sutures in the skull?

A

Bregma, lamda, pterion

33
Q

Where is the coronal suture?

A

Between the frontal and parietal bones.

34
Q

Where is the sagiattal suture?

A

Between the parietals.

35
Q

Where is the lambdoidal suture?

A

Between the parietal and occiput.

36
Q

Where is the squamosal suture?

A

Between the parietal and temporal lobes.

37
Q

What is the bregma?

A

Junction of the corona and sagittal sutures.

38
Q

What is the lamda?

A

Junction between the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures.

39
Q

What is the pterion?

A

The junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones.

40
Q

What are the sphincter muscles of facial expression?

A

Orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris

41
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

42
Q

What are the dilator muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

43
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

44
Q

What are the movements of the jaw?

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

45
Q

Where do the sutures ligaments that connect the cranial bones come from?

A

Remaining, unossified sheets of mesenchyme from intramembranous ossification.

46
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevation and protrusion.

47
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Depression and protrusion.

48
Q

What is the action of the temporalis?

A

Elevation and retraction.

49
Q

What is the action of the masseter?

A

Elevation and protraction.

50
Q

What are the 2 regions of the anterior neck?

A

Anterior triangle and posterior triangle.

51
Q

What is the anterior triangle of the neck bordered by?

A

Sternocleidomastojd, the inferior border of the mandible, and the anterior midline of the neck.

52
Q

What is the posterior triangle of the neck bordered by?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, the clavicle, and the trapezius.

53
Q

What are the muscles of deglutition and speech?

A

Digastric, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, cricothyroid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

54
Q

What muscles of speech/deglutition are innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

A

Anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid

55
Q

What muscles of speech/deglutition are innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Posterior belly of the digastric

56
Q

What muscles of speech/deglutition are innervated by the ansa cervicalis nerve?

A

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

57
Q

What muscle of speech/deglutition are innervated by the vagus nerve?

A

Cricothyroid

58
Q

What muscle of speech/deglutition are innervated by the first cervical nerves via the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Thyrohyoid

59
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

60
Q

What are the five divisions of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

61
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression.

62
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Provides sensory innervation to the face.

63
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic division (V1), Maxillary Division (V2), Mandibular Division (V3)

64
Q

What are the 2 primary arteries to the face?

A

Facial artery and superficial temporal artery.

65
Q

Where does the facial artery arise from?

A

external carotid artery

66
Q

Where does the facial artery travel in the face?

A

Superiorly, around the lower border of the mandible, towards the midline of the face

67
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artery arise from?

A

External carotid artery

68
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artery travel in the face?

A

Ascends posterior to the mandible but anterior to the ear.

69
Q

Where does the facial vein originate?

A

Just under the bony orbit.

70
Q

What does the facial vein drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein.

71
Q

What is the route of the facial vein?

A

Just under the bony orbit, descends obliquely towards the inferiolateral border of the mandible, into the internal jugular vein.

72
Q

What does the facial vein communicate with?

A

Superior ophthalmic vein and deeper into the cavernous sinus.

73
Q

What is a potential route of infection in the facial vein?

A

The communication between the facial vein and the ophthalmic vein, deeper into the cavernous sinus. From the face to the cranial dural sinus.

74
Q

What do the lymphatics of the face follow?

A

Major blood vessels.

75
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the face drain?

A

Inferiorly towards the heart.

76
Q

Are the facial lymphatics normally palpable?

A

No, though they may be enlarged in infection or inflammatory states.

Anatomy II (5 decks)

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