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Advanced Assessment > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Cardarelli sign

A

Press on the thyroid cartilage and displace the patient’s left.
Allows systolic pulsations from the aorta to be felt at the surface if an aneurysm is present.

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2
Q

Oliver sign

A

Gently grasp the cricoid cartilage and apply upward pressure.
Feel downward tug of the trachea if aneurysm is present.

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3
Q

Caput succedaneum

A

Subcutaneous edema over the presenting part of the head at delivery.

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4
Q

Cephalhematoma

A

Subperiosteal collection of blood, bound by the suture lines.

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5
Q

Brachiocephaly

A

Long, narrow heads esp. in preterm infants

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6
Q

Bossing

A

Bulging of the skull

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7
Q

Macewan sign

A

Percussion of the skull near the junction of the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones produce a stronger resonant sound when either hydrocephalus or a brain abscess is present

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8
Q

Cranial bruits

A

Common in children up to 5 years old

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9
Q

Chloasma

A

Mask of pregnancy

Blotchy, brownish hyper pigmentation of the face after 16 weeks of pregnancy

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10
Q

Migraine

A 
Childhood onset
Unilateral or generalized 
Hours to days
Onset morning or night
Pulsating or throbbing pain
Prodromal: Vague neurologic changes, personality changes, fluid retention, appetite loss, scotoma (partial loss of vision or blind spot), aphasia, hemianopsia (decreased vision, blindness in half of visual field), aura
Precipitated: Menstrual, missing meals, BC pills, stress letdown
Frequency: 2x weekly
Females
Other: N/V
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11
Q

Medication Rebound HA

A

Holocranial (whole head) or diffuse
Hours to days
Begins within hours to days of last dose of med
Dull or throbbing
Prodromal: daily analgesics or daily caffeine
Frequency: gradual increase in HA frequency to daily
Female

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12
Q

Cluster HA

A

Adulthood
Unilateral
1/2 to 2 hours
Night
Intense, burning, boring, searing, knifelike
Prodromal: Personality changes, sleep disturbances
Precipitated by alcohol consumption
Several times nightly for several nights, then none
Males
Other: Lacrimation, nasal discharge

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13
Q

Hypertensive HA

A 
Adulthood
Bilateral or occipital 
Lasts hours
Morning
Throbbing 
Daily
Males and females
Generally remits as day progresses
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14
Q

Muscular Tension

A 
Adulthood
Unilateral or bilateral 
Hours to days
Anytime
Bandlike, constricting
Daily
Males and females
Precipitated by stress, anger, bruxism
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15
Q

Temporal Arteritis

A 
Older adulthood
Unilateral or bilateral 
Hours to days
Anytime
Throbbing
Daily
Males and females
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16
Q

Space Occupying Lesion

A 
Any age of onset
Localized
Rapidly increasing frequency
Awakening from sleep
Aggravated by cough, bending forward
Temporal relation to the neoplasm
Progressive 
Males and females
Other: vomiting, confusion, abnormal, neurologic findings, gait abnormality, papilledema, nystagmus
17
Q

Salivary Gland Tumor

A

Commonly in the parotid
Painless lump either in front of ear or under jaw
Difficult opening the mouth and tongue numbness or weakness

18
Q

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A

Palpable cystic mass in the neck
remnant of fetal development
From the foramen cecum at junction of the anterior two thirds and posterior third of tongue
Tenderness, redness, swelling at midline of neck
Difficult swelling or breathing
Freely movable cystic mass in neck midline
Upward with tongue protrusion

19
Q

Branchial Cleft Cyst

A

Congenital lesion formed by incomplete involution of branchial cleft
Epithelium-lined cyst with or without a sinus tract to overly skin
Solitary painless in lateral neck
May have intermittent swelling and tenderness
Discharge if associated with sinus tract
Oval, moderately movable smooth contender fluctuant mass along anteromedial border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Asymptomatic
Infected, tenderness and erythema

20
Q

Torticollis

A

Wry neck
Shortening or excessive contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Result of birth trauma, intrauterine malposition
Acquired: tumors, trauma, cranial nerve IV palsy, muscle spasm, infection, drugs
Firm, fibrous mass felt in the muscle

21
Q

Primary hypothyroid

A

Thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormone

22
Q

Secondary hypothyroid

A

Insufficient thyroid hormone secretion d/t inadequate secretion of either TSH from the pituitary or thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus

23
Q

Hyperthyroid

A 
Prefer cool climate
Weight loss
Nervous, irritable, energetic
Fine, hair loss
Warm, fine, hyperpigmentation
Thin fingernails
Bilateral or unilateral proptosis (abnormal protrusion or displacement), lid retraction, double vision
Goiter
Tachycardia, dysrhythmia, palpitations
Increased BMs
Amenorrhea
Weakness, esp. proximal muscles
24
Q

Hypothyroid

A 
Prefer warm climate
Weight gain
Lethargic, complacent
Coarse hair, breaks
Coarse, scaling, dry skin
Thick fingernails
No goiter
Constipation
Menorrhagia
25
Q

Myxedema

A

Skin and tissue disorder usually d/t severe prolonged hypothyroid
Decrease in metabolic rate resulting in accumulation of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate in the dermis
Mucinous edema of facial features
Cognitive impairment, slowed mentation, poor concentration, decreased ST memory, social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, depressed mood, apathy
Constipation
Muscle pains, hearing problems, deafness
Coarse, thick skin, thick nose, swollen lips, puffy eyes
Weight gain

26
Q

Hashimoto Disease

A

Autoimmune antibodies against thyroid gland
Often causes hypothyroidism
More common in children, women 30-50 years old
Progresses slowly over number of years
S/S hypothyroid
Enlarged, contender, smooth thyroid

27
Q

Encephalocele

A

Neural tube defect with protrusions of the brain and membranes that cover it through openings in the skull
Failure of the neural tube to close can occur any place on the scalp
Genetic component - families with hx of spina bifida, anencephaly
Seen by intrauterine US

28
Q

Hydrocephalus

A 
Problem in the formation, flow, absorption of CSF that leads to an increase in volume of the CSF
Head enlargement
Separation of cranial sutures 
Dilated scalp veins
Tense anterior fontanelle
Sunsetting sign
Macewan sign "cracked pot" sound
Increased tone/spasticity
29
Q

Microcephaly

A

Circumference of head is smaller than normal because brain has not developed properly or has stopped growing
Present at birth, may develop in first few years of life
Congenital infections, neuroanatomic abnormalities (cerebral dysgenesis, craniostenosis)
Intellectual disability

30
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Mishappen skull

Sutures fused - restrict growth

Advanced Assessment (14 decks)

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