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Advanced Assessment > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Cooper ligaments

A

Suspensory ligaments extending from the connective tissue layer through the breast and attaching to the underlying muscle fascia

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2
Q

Acini cells

A

Milk-producing celss

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3
Q

Greatest amount of glandular tissue

A

Upper outer quadrant extending to tail of Spence

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4
Q

Thelarche

A

Breast development

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5
Q

Tanner system

A

Stages of breast development

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6
Q

Pregnancy

A

Colostrum produced, accumulates in the acinus cells
Areolae become deeply pigmented and increase
Montgomery tubercles develop as sebaceous glands hypertrophy

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7
Q

Colostrum

A

Replaced by milk after 2-4 days

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8
Q

Supernumery nipples may arise

A

Along the milk line, an embryonic ridge

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9
Q

Inspect the breasts in the following positions

A

Arms overhead
Hands on hips pressing hands together
Leaning forward from the waist

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10
Q

Patient seated

A

Chest wall sweep from clavicle to nipple, feeling for superficial lumps
Bimanual digital palpation - walk across with one hand to flatten
Lymph node palpation - axillae, supraclavicular, infraclavicular

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11
Q

Sentinal nodes

A

Virchow nodes

Indicators of invasion of lymphatics by CA

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12
Q

Witch’s milk

A

Sometimes expressed 2 weeks-3 months of age infants

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13
Q

Telangiectasias

A

Spider angiomas or vascular spiders - may develop on upper chest, arms, neck, face as a result of circulating estrogen

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14
Q

Montgomery tubercles

A

Raised sebaceous glands

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15
Q

Fibrocystic changes

A 
20-49 y/o
Usually bilateral
Multiple or single
Round
Soft to firm; tense
Mobile
No retraction
Tender
Well delineated
Vary with menses (long follicular or luteal phase)
= Benign fluid-filled cysts caused by ductal enlargement
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16
Q

Fibroadenoma

A 
15-55 y/o
Usually bilateral
Multiple or single
Round or discoid
Firm or rubbery
Mobile
No retraction
NOT tender
Well delineated
Do NOT vary with menses
= Benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyperplastic or proliferative process in single terminal ductal unit
17
Q

Cancer

A 
30-80 y/o
Usually unilateral
Single
Irregular or stellate
Hard, stone-like
Fixed, non-mobile
Often have retraction
Usually non-tender
Poorly delineated, irregular borders
Do NOT vary with menses
= Ductal carcinoma arises from epithelial lining of ducts; lobular carcinoma originates in glandular tissue of lobules
18
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Benign breast lump occurs as inflammatory response to local injury
History of trauma, painless lump
Firm irregular mass, discolored; mimic breast CA

19
Q

Intraductal papillomas and pappilomatosis

A

Benign tumors of the subareolar ducts that produce nipple discharge
Wartlike tumor in lactiferous duct; 2-3 cm
Single or multiple
Spontaneous nipple discharge; serous or bloody

20
Q

Duct ectasia

A

Benign condition of subareolar ducts that produces nipple discharge
Subareolar ducts become dilated and blocked with desquamating secretory epitheolium, necrotic debris, chronic inflammatory cells
Green or brown discharge; sticky

21
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Lactation not associated with childbearing
Elevated prolactin; disruption of pituitary and hypothalamus
Pituitary secreting tumors; hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, systemic diseases, medications, herbs, physiologic conditions
PMH: amenorrhea, pregnancy, postabortion, hypothyroid, Cushing, CRF
Medications: phenothiazines, tricyclics, antiHTN, estrogens, H2 receptor blockers, marijuana, amphetamines, opiates
Physiologic: suckling, stress, dehydration, exercise, nipple stimulation

22
Q

Paget disease

A

Surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma
Migration of malignant epithelial cells from underlying intraductal carcinoma via lactiferous sinuses into nipple skin
Tumor cells disrupt epithelial barrier allowing extracellular fluid to seep out
Crusty nipple, areola
Pruritis, red, scaling
Unilateral or bilateral

23
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the breast tissue; S. Aureus
Commonly lactating women after milk established
May result in abscess
Tenderness, redness, heat; chills, fever
Tender, hard mass, fluctuation
May discharge pus

24
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breast enlargement in men
Increased body fat; hormone imbalance d/t puberty, age, testicular, pituitary, hormone-secreting tumors; liver failure; medications (anabolic steroids); antiHTN, antipsychotics, estrogens, antiandrogens

Advanced Assessment (14 decks)

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