head and neck

Question 1

rhinitis

Answer 1

inflammation of nasal mucosa; adenovirus is common cause

Question 2

rhinitis presetation

Answer 2

sneezing, congestion, runny nose

Question 3

allergic rhinitis

Answer 3

type I HSR, inflammatory infiltrate with eosinohpils; assoc with asthma and eczema

Question 4

nasal polyp

Answer 4

protrusion of edematous infalmed nasal mucosa; usually secondary to repeated bouts of rhinitis; child with polyps check for CF; ASA-intolerant asthma adults have polyps

Question 5

angiofibroma

Answer 5

benign tumore of nasal mucosa composed of large BV and fibrous tissue; classica in adolescent males

Question 6

angiofibroma presentation

Answer 6

profuse epistaxis

Question 7

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 7

nasopharyngeal epitheliam malignant tumor; EBV assoc.; classically seen in african children and chinese adults

Question 8

Bx of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 8

pleomorphic keratin + epithelial cells in background of lymphocytes

Question 9

acute epiglottitis

Answer 9

H flu type B is most common causes especially in non-immunized

Question 10

acute epiglottis presenataion

Answer 10

high fever, drooling, sorethroat, dysphagia, muffled voice, inspire stridor; risk of airway obstruction

Question 11

laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

Answer 11

inflamm of upper airway; parainfluenza is most common causes

Question 12

laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) presetation

Answer 12

hoarse barking cough and inspire stridor

Question 13

vocal cord nodule

Answer 13

from excessive use; composed of myxoid connec. tissue; usually B/L

Question 14

vocal cord nodule presentation

Answer 14

hoarseness that resolves then with rest

Question 15

laryngeal papilloma

Answer 15

benign tumor of vocal cord; HPV 6/11; koilocytic change; single nodule in adults; and multiple in children; presentation is hoarseness

Question 16

laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 16

SCC from vocal cord epi lining; risk factos are EtOH and tobacco

Question 17

laryngeal carcinoma presentation

Answer 17

hoarseness, cough, stridor

Question 18

cleft lip and palate

Answer 18

full thickness defect of lip or palate; due to fail of facial prominences to fuse; both usually occur together

Question 19

aphthous ulcer

Answer 19

painful, superficial ulceration of oral mucosa; arises in relation to stress and resolves spontaneously but can recur;

Question 20

aphthous ulcer histo

Answer 20

grayish base surrounded by erythema

Question 21

behcet syndrome

Answer 21

recurrent aphotous ulcer + genital ulcers and uveitis; due to immune complexz vasculitis involveing small vessels; can be seen after viral infection

Question 22

oral herpes

Answer 22

vesicles involving oral mucosa that rupture, resulting in a shallow, painful, red ulcers; due to HSV-1

Question 23

oral herpes infection happens when

Answer 23

primary infection in childhood; virus is dormant in the trigeminal nerve

Question 24

oral herpes reactivation by

Answer 24

stress and sunlight; leads to the vesicles on lips

Question 25

SCC of oral mucosa

Answer 25

risk factors are tobacoo and etoh; location is usually floor of mouth

Question 26

leukoplakia and erythroplakia are precursor lesions for

Answer 26

SCC for mouth; and is Bx to rule out carcinoma

Question 27

leukoplakia cannot be what

Answer 27

scrapped away like oral candidiasis

Question 28

leukoplakia is due to

Answer 28

EBV; hairy also

Question 29

erythroplakia

Answer 29

vascularized leukoplakia; indicates angiogenesis; more often is considered dysplasia

Question 30

mumps

Answer 30

mumps virus; rebulst in B/L inflamed parotid

Question 31

mumps other targets

Answer 31

orchitis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis; serum amylase increased (due to salivary gland or pancreas involvement); orchitis in teenagers carries risk of sterility orchitis in pt greatr than 10)

Question 32

sialadenitis

Answer 32

salicary gland inflammation; commonly due to obstructing stone causing S. aureus infection; usually unilateral

Question 33

pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 33

benign tumor of stromal and epi tissue including glands; most common tumor of salivary; usually in parotid

Question 34

pleomorphic adenoma presentation

Answer 34

mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at anlge of jaw

Question 35

pleomorphic adenoma has high rate of

Answer 35

recurrance; can have small islands that peirce thru tumor capsule; irregular margins

Question 36

sign that tells you the pleomorphic adenoma has become carcinoma

Answer 36

signs of facial nerve damage

Question 37

warthin tumor

Answer 37

benign cystic tumor with abundant lympho and germinal centers; 2nd most common of salicary glands; almost always in parotid

Question 38

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 38

malignant tumor composed of mucinous and squamous cells; usually in parotid that commonly involves facial nerve