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Pathology > booby pathology > Flashcards

booby pathology Flashcards

1
Q

milk line

A

area along body from nipple to vulva area; any breast cancer can happen here along with extra nipples etc..

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2
Q

galactorrhea

A

milk production outside of lactation; NOT a Sx of BC; causes: nipple stimulation, prolactinoma of ant. pituitary, drugs

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3
Q

acute mastitis

A

S. aureus most common; bacterial; assoc. with breast feeding

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4
Q

acute mastitis presentation

A

warm erythematous breasts with pus discharge

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5
Q

acute mstitis Tx

A

continued breast feeding to facilitate drainage and dicloxacillin

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6
Q

periductal mastitis

A

inflammation of aubareolar ducts; usually seen in smokers (causes a relative vit A def.) causing a metaplasia to squamous cell in tubule then leading to blockage;

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7
Q

periductal mastitis presentation

A

subareolar mass with nipple retraction

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8
Q

mammary duct ectasia

A

inflammation of the duct and may dilate; this dilate can lead to debris build up then leading to a green brown nipple discharge; Bx shows chronic inflammation with plasma cells

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9
Q

mammary duct ectasia usually arise in

A

multiparous post menopasual women

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10
Q

fat necrosis of breast

A

necrosis of breast fat; usually related to trauma (doesnt have to be serious like a fight, it could be from a softball); mass on exam or calcification on mammography; Bx shows necrotic fat with assoc. calcifications and giant cells

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11
Q

fibrocystic change of breast

A

most common change in premenopausal woman; gross inspect has a blue domed appearance

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12
Q

fibrocystic change of breast presentation

A

vague changes to breast; “lumpy breast”; usually Upper outer quadrant

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13
Q

fibrocystic change is

A

benign; but other thcnages can indicate possibility for carcinoma

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14
Q

what changes in fibrocystic change of breast mean possible invasive carinoma risk

A

ductal hyperplasia and sclerosing adenosis (multiple more glands and fibrosis assoc with it); atypical hyperplasia

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15
Q

what changes in fibrocystic change of breast do not mean risk of invasive carcinoma

A

fibrosis, cysts, apocrine metaplasia

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16
Q

if seeing the fibrocystic chganges that increase risk for invasive carcinoma then that increases risk for which breast

A

both even if unilateral

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17
Q

intraductal papilloma

A

papillary growth that usually into the large duct; HAS BOTH fibrovascular projections lined by epi and myoepithelial cells; bloody nipple discharge in premenopausal woman; MUST distinguish from papillary carcinoma

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18
Q

distinguish between intraductal papilloma and intraductal carcinoma

A

carcinoma is usually post menopausal; carcinoma has NO myoepithelial cells

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19
Q

fibroadenoma

A

tumor of fibrous tissue and glands; most common benign neoplasm of breast; most common is premenopasual woman; estrogen sensitive; NO increased risk for carcinoma

20
Q

fibroadenoma histo

A

well circumscribed, mobile marble like mass;

21
Q

Phyllodes tumor

A

fibroadenoma like tumor with overgrowth of the FIBROUS component; leaf like projections seen; POST menopausal women; can be malignant

22
Q

Cancer is most common usually in

A

POST menopasual

23
Q

risk factors for BC

A

female gender, age (more often POST menopasual), early menarche/late menopause, obesity, atypical hyperplasia, first-degree relative with breast cancer

24
Q

ductal carcinoma in-situ (general description)

A

maligannt cells in duct that are bound to duct;

25
Q

pagets disease of nipple (general description)

A

malignant cells walk up duct to skin of nipple; DCIS that walked to nipple

26
Q

invasice ductal carcinoma (general description)

A

malignant cells that invade beyond the duct

27
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ (general description)

A

malignant cells in lobule of breast that STAY in lobule

28
Q

invasive lobular carcinoma (general description)

A

lobular malignant cells that invade beyond lobule

29
Q

DCIS

A

malignant porliferation of cells in duct; no invasion of basement membrane; califications on mammography; cells grown then die (leads to calcification); Comedo type: high grade cells with necrosis and dystrophic calcification in center of ducts

30
Q

Paget disease of breast

A

DCIS that extends up ducts to skin of nipple; presents with nipple ulceration and erythema; almost ALWAYS linked to underlying carcinoma

31
Q

IDC

A

calssically forms duct like structures; most common type of invasive carcinoma; presents as mass deteced on Px or mammography; advanced tumors may result in dimpling of the skin of retraction of nipple

32
Q

IDC Bx

A

duct like strucures in desmoplastic stroma

33
Q

subtypes of IDC

A

tubular, mucinous, medullary, infalmmatory

34
Q

Tubular carinoma of IDC

A

creates tubules and resembles normal breast; will see desmoplastic stroma; will only have 1 cell type (normal have the epi and myo cells); very good prognosis

35
Q

mucinous carcinoma of IDC

A

cells in pools of mucous; excellent prognosis; occurs mostly in elderly

36
Q

inflammatory carcinoma of IDC

A

highly erythematous and swollen; doesnt respond to antibiotics; cancer in dermal lymphatics is seen; poor prognosis; keep in mind in pt with acute mastitis (make sure it respnds with Tx, if not then think this)

37
Q

medullary carcinoma of IDC

A

high grade malignant cells with bunch of inflammatory cells; high in BRCA1 mutations

38
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

A

malignant prolifertion of cell sin lobuels; no invasion; no mass or calcification; dyscohesive cells lacking E-cadherin; often multifocal and B/L

39
Q

Tx of LCIS

A

is a risk factor for invasive carcinoma; tamoxifen and close follow up

40
Q

invasive lobular carcinoma

A

invades basement membrane of cell sin lobules; grows in a single file pattern; no duct formation due to lack of E-cadherin

41
Q

predicitve factors with BC

A

ER, PR, Her2/neu

42
Q

ER + and PR + is for what Tx

A

tamoxifen

43
Q

Her2/neu Tx is

A

trastuzumab

44
Q

“triple negative” BC

A

poor prognosis, african american women hasve hgiher chnace of

45
Q

features suggesting hereditary BC

A

multiple first degree relatives with BC, tumor at premenopasual age, multiple tumors

46
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2

A

1 inc chance of breeast and ovarian; 2 breast carcinoma in males

47
Q

Male breast cancer

A

subareolar mass under nipple in older males; usually IDC, assoc with BRCA2 and Klinefeter syndrome

Pathology (7 decks)

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