head and neck Flashcards
what are the 8 cranial bones?
ethmoid
frontal
occipital
parietal X2
sphenoid
temporal X2
what are the 14 facial bones?
lacrimal X2
maxilla X2
nasal X2
inferior concha X2
palatine X2
vomer
zygoma (malar) X2
mandible
what allows bones in the skull to slide over eachother during child birth?
sutures
name the 3 cranial sutures?
where are they/shapes?
coronal (front)
sagittal (midline)
lambdoid (at back - shaped like gamma)
what is a cranial fontanelle?
soft spot where cranial sutures join
what do frontanelles allow?
growth of a Childs brain during first year of development
which bones comprise the cranial base?
ethmoid bone
frontal bone
occipital bone
sphenoid bone
temporal bone (petrous)
which bone that is part of the cranial base can be described as a butterfly?
sphenoid
where and what is the mastoid process?
smooth pyramidal or cone-shaped bone projection at the base of the skull on each side of the head just below and behind the ear in humans
what is the foramen magnum?
passage of the central nervous system through the skull connecting the brain with the spinal cord
where are the cardiac and respiratory centres found?
next to foramen magnum
where is the zygoma?
down at side of eye and the cheek
where is the lacrimal bone?
on inside of eye sockets
where is the weakest part of the skull?
pterion
what artery is located under the pterion?
middle meningeal artery
where is the pterion located?
where the sphenoid, parietal and frontal bone meet at side of skull
where is the parietal lobe of the skull?
rests near the top and center of the cerebral cortex
- behind the frontal lobe and above the occipital and temporal lobes
where is the frontal lobe of the skull?
directly behind forehead
where and what is the sphenoid bone of the skull?
unpaired bone
-in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone
where is the occipital lobe of the skull?
osterior to the parietal and temporal lobes
where is the temporal lobe of the skull?
sit behind the ears
what is the smallest and largest lobe of the skull?
smallest = occipital
largest = frontal
where are bones pf eye socket?…….
what is the thinnest bone in the body?
lacrimal bone
where do the oculomotor (CN 3), trochlear (CN 4), trigeminal (CN 10), abducens nerves (CN 6) come into the eye socket?
superior orbital fissure
where is the ethmoid bone found?
at the back of the nose
what happens to your septal cartilage when snorting cocaine?
blood vessels are killed and it may collapse
what side of the body is the arch of the aorta on?
both
what is the external carotid artery and what does the external carotid artery supply?
several branches supplying the exterior of the head and neck
what drains all of your head and neck to the heart?
internal jugular vein
what are the branches of the common carotid artery called?
internal and external carotid arteries
what artery supplies the brain?
internal carotid artery
what artery supplies the head and neck?
external carotid artery
what is the small branches of the common carotid artery?
ascending pharyngeal
superior thyroid
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
superficial temporal
maxillary
what does the ascending pharyngeal branch of the common carotid artery supply?
pharynx
what does the superior thyroid branch of the common carotid artery supply?
thyroid gland
what does the lingual branch of the common carotid artery supply?
floor of mouth
what does the facial branch of the common carotid artery supply?
?
what does the occipital branch of the common carotid artery supply?
back of head/ skin
what does the posterior auricular branch of the common carotid artery supply?
behind the ear
where does the retromandibular vein come from?
superficial temporal vein
what does the internal jugular vein drain?
cerebrum, inside of skull, most of the external structures of head and neck
what is the difference between the dura on the left and right side of the skull?
dura and sinuses intact on left side
dura has been removed on the right hand side
what does cerebrospinal fluid do?
It flows in and around the brain and spinal cord to help cushion them from injury and provide nutrients.
what are venous sinuses?
channels of a branching complex sinus network
- lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain
- functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood
where is the danger triangle?
between bridge of nose and corners of mouth
- infection can go to brain
what does the cavernous sinus drain?
drain the blood from the orbits through the ophthalmic veins and from the anterior part of the base of the brain by the sphenoparietal sinus and the middle cerebral veins
what is the emissary vein?
Emissary veins are valveless venous structures that connect the extracranial vessels of the scalp to the intracranial dural venous sinuses and diploic veins.
what does the emissary vein increase risk of?
infection travelling straight from scalp into the brain
what direction does the brain drain?
towards the back
what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?
maxillary
mandibular
ophthalmic
what nerves are most commonly anaesthetised?
maxillary and mandibular
what bones are part of the TMJ?
head on mandible, mandibular fossa, articular tubercle
what ligaments are part of the TMJ?
sphenomandibular ligament
lateral ligament
which joint dislocates everytime we use it?
what stops it from fully dislocating?
TMJ
articular eminence
what muscle opens the mouth?
lateral pterygoid muscle
how is the mandible formed?
by union in the midline of 2 halves each with a horizontal body and a vertical ramus
what part of the mandible forms the TMJ?
condylar process
what nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?
inferior alveolar nerve - anaesthetising
what is the modified hinge joint in the TMJ?
synovial joint of the condyloid type
what divides the cavity of the capsule into superior and inferior compartments?
fibrocartilaginous disc
what shape is the disc that is present in the capsule of the TMJ?
concave undersurface and concave-convex upper surface
what is the blood supply of the TMJ?
external carotid artery - superficial temporal and maxillary branches
what is the nerve supply of the TMJ?
auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves which are both derived from trigeminal nerve
what is the only muscle of mastication the open the mouth?
lateral pterygoid
where does the medial pterygoid arise from?
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
what does the medial pterygoid insert?
onto the medial surface of the angle of the mandible and ramus
what does the medial pterygoid muscle do?
elevates and protrudes the mandible.
where does the lateral pterygoid arise from?
infra temporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
where does the lateral pterygoid insert?
into neck of the mandible at the fovea and to the capsule and the intra-capsular disc
what is the function of the lateral pterygoid?
dresses and protrudes the mandible
