bones and joints Flashcards
how many bones in adult skeleton?
206
are there more bones in the hand and wrist or the foot and ankle?
hand and wrist
how many bones in hand and wrist?
27
how many bones in foot and ankle?
26
how many bones in child skeleton?
270
what is the head of a bone called?
epiphysis
what is the shaft of a bone called?
diaphysis
what separates the epiphysis and diaphysis of a bone?
epiphyseal plate
what is the first bone in the body to become a bone?
clavicle (collar bone)
what age are you when all your bones are fused together?
late 20s
what is the last bone to fuse together?
clavicle (collar bone)
what type of bone is in the epiphysis of the bone?
cancellous bone
what type of cartilage is in the epiphysis of the bone (end of bone)?
articular
what type of bone is in the diaphysis?
compact bone
what are the layers in the diaphysis from outer to inner?
periosteum
compact bone
marrow cavity
what does articular cartilage do at the end of a bone?
protects
what does cancellous bone look like?
sponge
what surrounds bone?
compact bone
what is the 2 types of marrow?
red and yellow
what happens in red marrow?
bone marrow formed
what is in yellow marrow?
fat
what allows a bone to grow?
epiphyseal plate
what are the 3 types of joints?
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
what is a synovial joint?
extensive movement
smooth cartilage
synovial fluid in a capsule
what is a fibrous joint?
no synovial cavity
joint held together by dense connective tissue
give an example of a synovial joint?
elbow
knee
hip
give an example of a fibrous joint?
skull
what is a cartilaginous joint?
no synovial
little moment held together by cartilage
give an example of a cartilaginous joint?
pelvis
what are the components of synovial joints?
bones
articular (hyaline) cartilage
marginal (fibro) cartilage
synovial fluid
joint capsule
ligaments (passive stabilisers)
musculo tendinous support (active stabilisers)
tendons
muscle to move joint
do the sutures of the skull move? why?
no movement to allow skull growth to adulthood
what are syndesmoses?
- fibrous joint between 2 bones, linked by ligaments and a strong membrane
- greater distance between articular surface
- more dense connective tissue
- distal tibia and fibula
when does the anterior fontanelle close?
between 9 and 18 months
when does the posterior fontanelle close?
by 1 or 2 months
which fontanelle can be closed at birth?
posterior fontanelle
what is a synchondrosis?
cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins 2 bones
- immovable joint
where are temporary synchondroses found?
epiphyseal plates, ilium/ischium/pubis
where are permanent synchondroses found?
1st sternocostal joint
what are the 2 parts of the Skeleton of the head?
neurocranium and viscerocranium
what is the neurocranium and how many bones are part of it?
bony covering of brain and meninges
8
what is the viscerocranium and how many bones are part of it?
facial skeleton
14
what is the floor and roof of the neurocranium called?
roof = calvaria
floor = cranial base
what does pneumatised mean?
air within the bones
what vessels may rupture if there is trauma at the pterion?
middle meningeal artery and vein
what is the weakest part of the skull found?
what bones meet here?
pterion
frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal
where do spinal nerves exit vertebral canals?
vertebral foramina
what is the function of the atlas?
helps hold up the skull
what does the acromio- clavicular joint join?
appendicular to axial skeleton
why do the bones of the spine get bigger going down?
holding more of the body
what links the left and right to form a full circle at the pelvis?
symphysis pubis
what is the hip joint called?
acetabulum
why is the shoulder more easy to dislocate than the hip?
as the hip has a deeper joint
what are the categories of bones in hand?
14 phalanges
5 metatarsals
8 carpal bones
what are the categories of bones in the feet?
14 phalanges
5 metatarsals
7 tarsal bone
