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BDS1 BAMS: Head and Neck Anatomy > Head and Neck 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 1 Flashcards

Bones of skull Nerve and blood supply of head and neck

1
Q

Name the cranial bones (7)

A 
Ethmoid (1)
Frontal (1)
Occipital (1)
Parietal (1)
Sphenoid (1) 
Temporal (2)
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2
Q

Name the facial bones (14)

A 
Lacrimal (2) 
Maxilla (2) 
Nasal (2) 
Inferior concha (2) 
Palatine (2) 
Vomer (1) 
Zygoma (2) 
Mandible (1)
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3
Q

What are the 3 cranial sutures?

A

Coronal (across the crown), sagittal (right down the middle) and lambdoid (at the back)
They are joining points for the skull

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4
Q

What is the purpose of cranial sutures?

A

Allow the bones to slide over (fuse later in childhood) in new-born babies so they can fit through the birth canal

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5
Q

What are fontanelles and where are they located?

A

Where the sutures join

One at the front (coronal/sagittal) and one at the back (sagittal/lambdoid)

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6
Q

At what age does the posterior fontanelle close over?

A

2-3 months old

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7
Q

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close over?

A

~2 years old

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8
Q

Which cranial bone does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

Ethmoid bone

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9
Q

Where is the occipital bone located?

A

Spans the back of the skull

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10
Q

Where is the foramen magnum located?

A

In the middle of the occipital bone

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11
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

A hole in the base of the skull which the spinal cord passes through

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12
Q

Which bone is described as being ‘butterfly shaped’?

A

Sphenoid bone

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13
Q

Which bones act as a crash impact barrier?

A

Zygoma (cheekbones)

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14
Q

What are the 2 parts of the temporal bone

A

Petrous part

Spongy part

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15
Q

What can tumours in the maxilla affect?

A

Vision, maxillary teeth

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16
Q

Where do the middle ear bone, cochlea and semi-circular canals sit?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

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17
Q

What is the weakest part of the skull?

A

Pterion - middle meningeal artery sits under the pterion

Risk of extradural haemorrhage

18
Q

Describe the lacrimal bone

A

Very thin bone, injury to this bone can disturb position of the eyeball

19
Q

Which nerve passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve

20
Q

Where is the optic foramen located?

A

Sphenoid bone

21
Q

Which nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve and abducens nerve (CN III, IV, Va, VI)

22
Q

Which artery supplies 80% of all brain blood supply?

A

Internal carotid artery

goes all the way to brain, does not branch

23
Q

Which artery supplies the face? (or exterior of head and neck)

A

External carotid artery

branched

24
Q

Where do the internal and external carotid arteries branch from?

A

Arch of aorta -> common carotid artery -> splits into 2: internal and external carotid artery

25
Q

Which vein drains the head and neck?

A

Internal jugular vein

26
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Superior thyroid artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Facial artery
  • Occipital artery
  • Posterior auricular
  • Superficial temporal artery
  • Maxillary artery
27
Q

Which artery and vein passes through the parotid gland?

A

External carotid artery and facial vein

28
Q

Which vein drains the cerebrum?

A

Internal jugular vein

29
Q

Which vein drains most of the external structures of the head and neck?

A

Internal jugular vein

30
Q

What are the meninges?

A 
Membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord 
"PAD" - from deep to superficial 
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
31
Q

What is the dural sinus vein?

A

Not really a vein, but classified as a vein. Made from folds of dura mater
Endothelial lining
Drains the brain

32
Q

Which ‘vein’ drains the brain?

A

Dural sinus vein

33
Q

What are the 3 pulses on the head and neck that you can feel?

A

Temporal pulse, carotid pulse, facial pulse

easily detected on superficial arteries as they pass over a bony prominence

34
Q

What is a ‘pulse’ defined as?

A

Pressure waves in artery caused by contraction of the left ventricle - corresponds with heartbeat

35
Q

What is a normal heart rate?

A

60-80 bpm

36
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

37
Q

Which is CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

38
Q

How many branches of the trigeminal nerve are there?

A

3

39
Q

Describe CN V1/Va

A

Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
Purely sensory
Terminates at the supraorbital nerve

40
Q

Describe CN V2/Vb

A

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
Sensory
Supplies: zygomatic nerve/infraorbital nerve/ anterior, middle and superior alveolar nerves i.e. supplies al the upper teeth

41
Q

Describe CN V3/Vc

A

Mandibular branch fo the trigeminal nerve
Mixed nerve (sensory and motor)
Supplies inferior alveolar nerve (lower teeth)
Supplies muscles of mastication

42
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

V3 - mandibular branch

BDS1 BAMS: Head and Neck Anatomy (5 decks)

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