Head and Neck 1

Question 1

Name the cranial bones (7)

Answer 1

Ethmoid (1)
Frontal (1)
Occipital (1)
Parietal (1)
Sphenoid (1) 
Temporal (2)

Question 2

Name the facial bones (14)

Answer 2

Lacrimal (2) 
Maxilla (2) 
Nasal (2) 
Inferior concha (2) 
Palatine (2) 
Vomer (1) 
Zygoma (2) 
Mandible (1)

Question 3

What are the 3 cranial sutures?

Answer 3

Coronal (across the crown), sagittal (right down the middle) and lambdoid (at the back)
They are joining points for the skull

Question 4

What is the purpose of cranial sutures?

Answer 4

Allow the bones to slide over (fuse later in childhood) in new-born babies so they can fit through the birth canal

Question 5

What are fontanelles and where are they located?

Answer 5

Where the sutures join

One at the front (coronal/sagittal) and one at the back (sagittal/lambdoid)

Question 6

At what age does the posterior fontanelle close over?

Answer 6

2-3 months old

Question 7

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close over?

Answer 7

~2 years old

Question 8

Which cranial bone does the olfactory nerve pass through?

Answer 8

Ethmoid bone

Question 9

Where is the occipital bone located?

Answer 9

Spans the back of the skull

Question 10

Where is the foramen magnum located?

Answer 10

In the middle of the occipital bone

Question 11

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 11

A hole in the base of the skull which the spinal cord passes through

Question 12

Which bone is described as being ‘butterfly shaped’?

Answer 12

Sphenoid bone

Question 13

Which bones act as a crash impact barrier?

Answer 13

Zygoma (cheekbones)

Question 14

What are the 2 parts of the temporal bone

Answer 14

Petrous part

Spongy part

Question 15

What can tumours in the maxilla affect?

Answer 15

Vision, maxillary teeth

Question 16

Where do the middle ear bone, cochlea and semi-circular canals sit?

Answer 16

Petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 17

What is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 17

Pterion - middle meningeal artery sits under the pterion

Risk of extradural haemorrhage

Question 18

Describe the lacrimal bone

Answer 18

Very thin bone, injury to this bone can disturb position of the eyeball

Question 19

Which nerve passes through the optic foramen?

Answer 19

Optic nerve

Question 20

Where is the optic foramen located?

Answer 20

Sphenoid bone

Question 21

Which nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 21

Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve and abducens nerve (CN III, IV, Va, VI)

Question 22

Which artery supplies 80% of all brain blood supply?

Answer 22

Internal carotid artery

goes all the way to brain, does not branch

Question 23

Which artery supplies the face? (or exterior of head and neck)

Answer 23

External carotid artery

branched

Question 24

Where do the internal and external carotid arteries branch from?

Answer 24

Arch of aorta -> common carotid artery -> splits into 2: internal and external carotid artery

Question 25

Which vein drains the head and neck?

Answer 25

Internal jugular vein

Question 26

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 26

- Ascending pharyngeal - Superior thyroid artery - Lingual artery - Facial artery - Occipital artery - Posterior auricular - Superficial temporal artery - Maxillary artery

Question 27

Which artery and vein passes through the parotid gland?

Answer 27

External carotid artery and facial vein

Question 28

Which vein drains the cerebrum?

Answer 28

Internal jugular vein

Question 29

Which vein drains most of the external structures of the head and neck?

Answer 29

Internal jugular vein

Question 30

What are the meninges?

Answer 30

``` Membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord "PAD" - from deep to superficial Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater ```

Question 31

What is the dural sinus vein?

Answer 31

Not really a vein, but classified as a vein. Made from folds of dura mater Endothelial lining Drains the brain

Question 32

Which 'vein' drains the brain?

Answer 32

Dural sinus vein

Question 33

What are the 3 pulses on the head and neck that you can feel?

Answer 33

Temporal pulse, carotid pulse, facial pulse | easily detected on superficial arteries as they pass over a bony prominence

Question 34

What is a 'pulse' defined as?

Answer 34

Pressure waves in artery caused by contraction of the left ventricle - corresponds with heartbeat

Question 35

What is a normal heart rate?

Answer 35

60-80 bpm

Question 36

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 36

12

Question 37

Which is CN V?

Answer 37

Trigeminal nerve

Question 38

How many branches of the trigeminal nerve are there?

Answer 38

3

Question 39

Describe CN V1/Va

Answer 39

Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve Purely sensory Terminates at the supraorbital nerve

Question 40

Describe CN V2/Vb

Answer 40

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve Sensory Supplies: zygomatic nerve/infraorbital nerve/ anterior, middle and superior alveolar nerves i.e. supplies al the upper teeth

Question 41

Describe CN V3/Vc

Answer 41

Mandibular branch fo the trigeminal nerve Mixed nerve (sensory and motor) Supplies inferior alveolar nerve (lower teeth) Supplies muscles of mastication

Question 42

Which division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

Answer 42

V3 - mandibular branch