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BDS1 BAMS: Head and Neck Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

1) Olfactory
2) Optic
3) Oculomotor
4) Trochlear
5) Trigeminal
6) Abducens
7) Facial
8) Vestibulocochlear
9) Glossopharyngeal
10) Vagus
11) Accessory
12) Hypoglossal

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2
Q

What are the 3 functional components of the cranial nerves?

A

1) Motor to voluntary muscles
2) Motor to involuntary muscles
3) Sensory

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3
Q

What are the functions of CN I (olfactory nerve)?

A
  • Smell from nasal mucosa of each nasal cavity, nasal septum and superior conchae
  • Special sensory
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4
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of smell

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve has regenerative capacity and may be used as a future therapeutic to reverse paralysis?

A

Olfactory nerve

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6
Q

What are the functions of CN II (optic nerve)?

A
  • Special sensory
  • Nerve cell bodies in retina, exits orbital canal, vision from retina
  • Optic nerve = myelinated. In MS (demyelinating disease), can lead to altered vision
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7
Q

What are the functions of CN III (oculomotor nerve)?

A
  • Supplies muscles around the eyeball; moves the eye
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8
Q

Describe the somatic motor functions of CN III.

A
  • Somatic motor to midbrain (supplies the superior rectus (moves eye upwards), medial rectus (towards the midline), inferior oblique (moves eye upwards and outwards), levator palpebrae superioris (keeps eyelids open).
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9
Q

Describe the visceral motor functions of CN III.

A
  • Parasympathetic to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle via the ciliary ganglion
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10
Q

Which is the longest cranial nerve?

A

CN III

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11
Q

Which nerve can get compressed due to raised intracranial pressure?

A

CN III (oculomotor)

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12
Q

What does the superior rectus muscle do?

A

Moves the eye upwards

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13
Q

What does the medial rectus muscle do?

A

Moves the eye towards the midline

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14
Q

What does the inferior oblique muscle do?

A

Moves the eye upwards and outwards

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15
Q

What does the levator palpebrae superioris muscle do?

A

Keeps your eyelids open, holds upper eyelid open

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16
Q

Describe the functions of the trochlear nerve (CN IV).

A

Somatic motor
Cell bodies located in midbrain
Supplies motor to the superior oblique (muscle that moves eye downwards and outwards)

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17
Q

What is displopia colloquially called?

A

Double vision

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18
Q

What are the functions of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)?

A

3 Branches:

1) Ophthalmic branch: general sensory
2) Maxillary branch: general sensory
3) Mandibular branch: general sensory, and motor to muscles of mastication

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19
Q

Describe the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)

A
  • General sensory

- Sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

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20
Q

Describe the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

A
  • General sensory

- Sensation from face over maxilla, upper lip, maxillary teeth (superior alveolar nerve), maxillary sinuses

21
Q

Describe the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

A
  • General sensory AND branchial motor
  • General sensory to: side of mandible, mandibular teeth (inferior alveolar nerve), mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Branchial motor: supplies muscles of mastication
22
Q

Describe the functions of the abducens nerve (CN VI)

A
  • Arises from pons

- Motor to lateral rectus (moves eye laterally; outwards, away from nose)

23
Q

Which 2 nerves can be affected by raised intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A 
CN III (Oculomotor) 
CN VI (Abducens)
24
Q

What does LR6 SO4 mean?

A
  • Lateral rectus CN VI (abducens)

- Superior oblique CN IV (trocochlear)

25
Q

Which nerve supplies MOST eye muscles?

A

CN III (oculomotor)

26
Q

Which eye muscles are supplies by CN VI and CN IV, respectively?

A

CN VI supplies lateral rectus
CN IV supplies superior oblique
(LR6 SO4)

27
Q

Describe the functions of the facial nerve (CN VII)

A
  • Branchial motor: motor to muscles of mastication
  • Special sensory: Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate
  • Visceral motor: parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland and glands of nose and palate
28
Q

How many muscles of facial expression are there?

A

43

29
Q

What is the smallest skeletal muscle in the body?

A

Stapedius

30
Q

What is the function of the stapedius muscle?

A

Dampens down loud noises

31
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the stapedius muscle?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

32
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

Hearing disorder
Increased sensitivity to certain frequencies
Sounds are louder

33
Q

What is the function of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)?

A
  • Special sensory
  • Vestibular sensation (semicircular ducts)
  • Hearing from spiral organs
34
Q

What are the functions of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)?

A
  • Somatic motor (motor to stylopharyngeus)
  • Visceral motor (parasympathetic to parotid gland)
  • Somatic sensory (external ear)
  • Visceral sensory (parotid gland, pharynx, middle ear)
  • Special sensory (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
35
Q

What are the somatic motor functions of CN IX?

A

Motor to stylopharyngeus

36
Q

What are the visceral motor functions of CN IX?

A

Parasympathetic to parotid gland

37
Q

What are the somatic sensory functions of CN IX?

A

External ear

38
Q

What are the special sensory functions of CN IX?

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

39
Q

What are the visceral sensory functions of CN IX?

A

Parotid gland, pharynx, middle ear

40
Q

What are the functions of CN X (vagus nerve)?

A
  • Somatic motor
  • Visceral motor
  • Visceral sensory
  • Special sensory
  • General sensory
41
Q

Describe the somatic motor functions of CN X

A
  • Muscles of pharynx
  • Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
  • Muscles of the palate
  • Muscles in the upper 2/3 of the oesophagus
42
Q

Describe the visceral motor functions of CN X

A
  • Rest and digest

- Parasympathetic to trachea, bronchi, G.I. tract, heart

43
Q

Describe the visceral sensory functions of CN X

A
  • Tongue, larynx, respiratory tract, heart, upper G.I. tract to left colic flexure
44
Q

Describe the special sensory functions of CN X

A
  • Epiglottis and palate
45
Q

Describe the general sensory functions of CN X

A
  • Auricle, external auditory meatus
46
Q

Describe the functions of CN XI (Accessory Nerve)

A

Somatic motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

47
Q

Describe the functions of CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)

A

Somatic motor: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic motor muscles of the tongue (EXCEPT palatoglossus)

48
Q

How can you test integrity of CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)?

A

Ask patient to stick out tongue

BDS1 BAMS: Head and Neck Anatomy (5 decks)

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