Head and Neck 1

Question 1

How many cranial bones are they are what are there names?

Answer 1

8 cranial bones: Ethmoid (1).
Frontal (1).
Occipital (1).
Parietal (2).
Sphenoid (1).
Temporal (1).
Zygomatic.

Question 2

How many facial bones are they are what are there names (irregular bones, funny shaped. concha- bones in nose that help increase surface area)?

Answer 2

14 facial bones:
Lacrimal (2)
Maxilla (2)
Nasal (2)
Inferior concha (2)
Palatine (2)
Vomer (1)
Zygoma malar(2)
Mandible (1).

Question 3

What are cranial sutures?

Answer 3

Sutures are fibrous joint.

When born these sutures overlap.

Question 4

What are the three cranial sutures called and where are they situated?

Answer 4

Coronal, lambdoid and sagittal./Users/emilywilson/Desktop/Screen Shot 2019-02-07 at 17.21.42.png

Question 5

What are fontanelles?

Answer 5

They are holes, can feel the brain in these parts. When dehydrated baby, the fontanelle becomes really depressed. Intercranial pressure test use this bit.
Anterior fontonelle closes at 2 years old.
Posterior fontanelle closes at 2 months, back of head.

Question 6

What does petrous mean?

Answer 6

Rough/bumpy.

Question 7

What is the thinnest bone in the body?

Answer 7

Lacrimal bone. It is thinner than a bit of paper.

Question 8

What bones are in the cranial base (sit inside skull)?

Answer 8

Ethmoid bone, frontal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Question 9

What is the biggest bone in the head?

Answer 9

Occipital bone. It develops from 4 separate bones forms from foreman magnum-up and down though brain to rest of body.

Question 10

What is the mastoid process?

Answer 10

A conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached, and which has air spaces linked to the middle ear.

Question 11

What bones are in the top skull (cranial base)?

Answer 11

Frontal, parital, occipital, temporal (squamous part)

Question 12

Where is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 12

Pterion (where the temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid bone).

Question 13

What is an extradural haemorrhage? Occurs at ptergoid.

Answer 13

Extradural haematoma (EDH), also known as an epidural haematoma, is a collection of blood that forms between the inner surface of the skull and outer layer of the dura, which is called the endosteal layer. They are usually associated with a history of head trauma and frequently associated skull fracture. The source of bleeding is usually arterial, most commonly from a torn middle meningeal artery.

Question 14

Where does the optic nerve sit?

Answer 14

In the optic foramen.

Question 15

What nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

Oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens nerve.

Question 16

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 16

They are in ascending order: superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, and posterior auricular. The two terminating branches are the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.

Question 17

What does the facial artery supply?

Answer 17

Supplies the face.

Question 18

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

Answer 18

It is the first major branch of the external carotid artery. It supplies the thyroid gland.

Question 19

What does the lingual artery supply?

Answer 19

Supplies the floor of the mouth.

Question 20

What does the occipital artery supply?

Answer 20

Supplies blood to the back of the scalp.

Question 21

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

Answer 21

Pharynx.

Question 22

What does the posterior auricular artery supply?

Answer 22

Ear.

Question 23

What does the superficial temporal artery supply?

Answer 23

Supplies the temporalis and scalp.

Question 24

What does the maxillary artery supply?

Answer 24

Supplies the deep structures of the face.

Question 25

What two veins unite to form the retromandibular vein?

Answer 25

Superficial temporal and maxillary veins.

Question 26

What do the internal and external jugular veins drain?

Answer 26

Internal (BIGGEST VEIN)- Cerebrum, inside of skull and most internal structures of head and neck.

External- drains some external structures eg. posterior auricular vein/retromandibular vein.

Question 27

Where is the cerebral spinal fluid located?

Answer 27

CSF occupies the subarachnoid space (between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater) and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. It fills the ventricles of the brain, cisterns, and sulci, as well as the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 28

How is venous blood drained from the cranial cavity?

Answer 28

Through the dural venous sinus-maintains systemic circulation. Emissary, diploid, cerebral vein.

Question 29

Where is the danger triangle?

Answer 29

Bacteria from spot-into opthalmic vein to canvernous sinus.Can go into internal carotid artery- effect eye.

Question 30

How do pressure waves arise in the artery?

Answer 30

Pressure waves in artery caused by contraction of left ventricle/corresponds with heartbeat.

Question 31

What is he normal bpm?

Answer 31

60-80bpm.

Question 32

How can you detect a superficial pulse? What are they called?

Answer 32

Easily detected on superficial arteries as they pass over a bony prominence.

Temporal pulse- superficial temporal artery, anterior branch of superficial temporal artery.

Carotid pulse.

Facial pulse.

Question 33

What are the two branches of the frontal nerve?

Answer 33

supratrochlear nerve.

supraorbital nerve.

Question 34

What are the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve? This nerve is the first division of the trigeminal nerve.

Answer 34

• Frontal nerve.
• Lacrimnal nerve.
• Nasocillary nerves.

Question 35

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve (second branch of trigeminal nerve)?

Answer 35

• superior/anterior and middle alveolar nerve.
• infraorbital nerve.
• zygomatic nerve.

Question 36

What does the mandibular version of the trigeminal nerve do?

Answer 36

Motor- muscles of mastication.
Sensory- auriculotemporal nerve/ lingual nerve/buccal nerve/inferior alveolar nerve.
Branches of this nerve also supply the mouth and nasal cavity.