Head anatomy Flashcards
What is anatomy
study of the structure of the human and its body part
how many bones are in the skull
28 bones -(made of 8 cranium,14 facial, 6 ossicle)
What are 3 division of the skull
facial , cranium . auditory ossicle
define preocess
prominence or projection on a bone
Tubercle
rounded elevation on bone surface
Tuberosity
large , rough prominence on tooth surface of bone
Foreman
small opening where blood vessels/ligaments pass
Temporal
Pertaining to temple
Alveolar
meaning hollow relating to alveolus( tooth socket )
what is the function of the cranium
protect and cover brain, also contains sinuses
what is the function of the facial bones
provide shape and form
surrounds support structures (eg. teeth)
what is the function of auditory ossicle
T direct sound
How many CRANIAL bones are there? name them
8 cranial bones in total Frontal bone (1) Occipital bone (1) Sphenoid bone (1) Ethmoid bone (1) Parietal bone (x2) Temporal bone( x2)
Frontal bone
cranium bone
forms forehead
2 sinuses above eye
occipital bone
forms back and base of cranium
sphenoid and ethmoid
cranium bone
house sinuses
bat wing/butterfly shape
“keystone” ->contact all cranial bones
Parietal Bones
Cranium bone
forms upper/roof of cranium
Paired (x2)
Temporal bones
cranium bone
paired(x2)
forms TMJ with mandible
forms zygomatic arch
How are cranial bones joined together?
cranial Sutures
sutures=immovable
How many facial bones are there?
14 bones
all visible expect palatine bones
all paired expect mandible
What is a palatine bone?
Are they visible?
forms posterior hard palate+ floor of nose
not visible on anterior view
Define zygoma bones
helps temporal bone form zygomatic arch
AKA Cheek surface
What are 2 types of bones
- cortical bone -compact bones
2. cancellous bone-spongy bones
Maxilla bone role
support upper teeth
has sinuses
form upper jaw+ part of hard palate
Median palatine suture
suture located on maxillary midline of the hard palate
-its covered by soft tissue (median suture raphe)
Alveolar process
surround and support teeth on maxillary arch
above gum area
Maxillary tuberosity
Round protuberance distal to last molar
Incisive foreman
opening posterior to central incisors
opening of nasopaltine
Mandible role
suppot lowe teeth
form lower jaw
moveable bone of skull
largest and strongest facial bone
Angle of Mandible
posterior of mandible where ramus+ body meet.
corner of jaw bone
Ramus
Broad border of mandible , posterior end of body
Condyle
round projection on ramus
articulates joins with temporal bones
External Oblique Ridge
A smooth ridge on the buccal surface of mandible
extends from the anterior border of ramus- downward and forward with diminishing prominence
Mental Foramen
Openings (2)
located on mandible- the apices of the bicuspids
2 little holes under premolars
Mental Protuberance-
front of the mandible
forms Chin
Alveolar Process
Supports the teeth of the lower arch
gum area below teeth on the bottom
Mylohyoid Ridge
.ridge on lingual surface of mandible( extends from roots of the last molar ->t floor of the mouth)
Genial Tubercles
small eminence of bone
lingual side of mandible at the midline
attachment site for muscles
Sinus
air filled space/ cavity with bone
paranasal sinuses = cranial bones +facial bones-> connect to the nasal passage
Paranasal Sinuses
connect to the nasal passage Cranium sinuses (Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid) Face sinuses (Maxillary)
function of paranasal sinuses
produce mucus
make bones lighter
help produce sound
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the lining of the paranasal
cause: allergic, or bacterial factor
results: in blockage of sinus drainage
Sinusitis symptoms
Voice sound tenderness, swelling Pain Post nasal drip Toothache
Secondary Sinusitis
the inflammation of the sinuses proximal surface
e.g infection of the adjacent teeth
TMJ
The Temporomandibular Joint
joint allows movement of mandible
Purpose speech and mastication (chewing)
formation (temporal bone and the mandible bone
Basic movement of TMJ
Hinge-open and close
glide -side to side movement
Articular eminence
how wide the mouth can open
average 3 finger width
temporomandibular disorder jaw issues (lockjaw)
Condyle
rounded process on ramus
Median paltine raphe
Soft tissue covering palatine suture
