HD4: Virology Flashcards
How many genes does a virus encode for?
2) What are the 2 main things they encode for?
3-100
2) structural proteins (to form part of a new virus) and non-structural proteins (e.g. enzymes)
What are the 2 roles of non-structural protein genes virus’ can encode for?
Act with cellular enzymes to replicate virus
May switch of host cell activities / block immune system
What are the 2 shapes capsids come in?
2) Do they attach to host cells?
sphere or icosohedron.
2) yes if lipid envelope is not present
Why can’t virus be classified based on disease?
different virus ause the same symptom disease, same virus cause different disease or none at all normally
classify the virus: Herpes viruses (HSV, cold sores, chickenpox varicella zoster)
double stranded DNA virus
classify the virus:
Hepatitis B virus
double stranded DNA virus
classify the virus:
adenovirus
double stranded DNA virus
classify the virus:
influenza virus
singles stranded RNA virus
classify the virus:
measles
singles stranded RNA virus
classify the virus:
HIV
retrovirus, are an RNA virus, but not as have a reverse transcription stage
classify the virus:
parvovirus (childhood rash illness)
single-stranded DNA
classify the virus:
rotavirus (childhood diarrhoea
double-stranded RNA
classify the virus:
Mumps
singles stranded RNA virus
classify the virus:
Rhinovirus
singles stranded RNA virus
classify the virus:
Hepatitis C virus
singles stranded RNA virus
What are the oral manifestations of herpangina?
2) What type of virus is it?
1) common lesions in the mouth , ulcers on palate
2) enterovirus (positive sense single stranded RNA)
What are the oral manifestations of oral hairy leucoplakia
2) what is its other name?
3) who will be affected by it?
1) white patch on tongue that doesn’t rub of
2) epstein barr virus
3) immunocomprimised patients
What does a herpes simplex virus look like under electron microscope?
fried egg, the yolk is the capsid, the white is the lipid envelope
What does the measles virus look like under an electron microscope?
a sack= lipid envelope, with rectanglke stringy stuff (capid, which is coating RNA)
What is the difference between the capsids of measles and herpes simplex virus?
herpes simplex, spherical (contains DNA)
while measles is rectangley shape (and is coating RNA)
What is the name of the virus where the capsid is icosahedral and there are surface proteins?
adenovirus
What is the name of the virus where the capsid is ovally shape with a thin lipid envelope that is lineated (the lines are caused by presence of surface proteins. It is a flourescent green image
infleunza virus
What is the viral intracellular life cycle: (5)
Attachment B entry C replication and protein synthesis D assembly Release
In which groups will viral infections be more severe?
compromised
extremes of age
preganancy (infections may affect foetus)
TRUE OR FALSE
If someone has acute hep B and are symptomatic, this shows the immune system is
fighting off the infection.
TRUE
acute, persistent, reactivation or latent
Categorise:
measles
acute
acute, persistent, reactivation or latent
Categorise:
adenovirus
persistent
acute, persistent, reactivation or latent
Categorise:
herpesvirus family
latent
acute, persistent, reactivation or latent
Categorise:
cold sores and shingles
reactivation
acute, persistent, reactivation or latent
Categorise:
mumps
acute
Where do virus generally lye dormant?
dorsal root ganglion
What does the adenovirus cause?
colds/ conjunctiviits
How can the following be transmitted:
shingles, saliva (EBV, HSV, CMV)
Contact - including via fomites (inanimate objects needles/ chair/ desk)
How can the following be transmitted:
e.g. influenza, measles, chickenpox
respiratory route
How can the following be transmitted:
e.g. hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV
blood exposure
How can the following be transmitted:
e.g. enteroviruses & diarrhoea viruses
faecal oral
Viral diagnostic techniques:
Traditional techniques (electron microscopy and viral culture) have made way for cutting edge techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction to detect viral RNA/DNA directly.
What viru shas been eliminated from the UK fro 18 months but is coming back?
measles
