HC7-diversity and leadership

Question 1

2 kinds of diversity (schneider and northcraft)

Answer 1

1. Social category diversity:
   -in-group/out-group: individuals build self esteem through in/out-group mechanisms, understand rivalry between certain groups
   -Inequality: gender, race, sexuality. disability, class
2. Functional diversity:
   -Informational/expertise diversity
   -Value diversity

Question 2

Why more diversity in organistations? (3 reasons)

Answer 2

1. Diversity acknowldedges every person can contribute with different, creative and new ideas and solutions. Diverse employees bring various perspectives on processes and ideas. INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND DELIVER BETTER RESULTS
2. Lack of diversity, less participative leadership stule, poor financial decisions
3. Gender and ethnic diverse organizations lead to better results, work climate and more inclusive corporate culture

Question 3

why managing diversity?

Answer 3

1. ideological fairness:
   -Resuction of conflict
   -equal opportunity
2. Enforced:
   -Laws and legislation
   -Mimicking competition
3. Organizational performance
   -innovation
   -new markets information
   -Building a stronger brand
   -Desirable employer
   -Good reputation and image

Question 4

Female advantage theory

Answer 4

women are more able to change quickly. Leader are more inspiring, more engaged. Less directing on financial results, and more on collaboration and a nice working climate.

Question 5

Why difference in gender in organizations?

Answer 5

1. Ambition
2. Differences in leadership
3. Stereotypes and expectations

Question 6

Why difference in gender in organizations? Ambition

Answer 6

Because of the choices they make, they have less human capital, less competence. They choose deliberately for other jobs. They want to be a parent at a certain age and that forms a problem, while men don’t care. And you can not have it all, so you can not have a family and a job. Instead of creating right conditions: ‘mommy track’ positions. Women work more part-time. When women work fulltime also paygap. With children also no leadership positions so much. Women do not differ in level of ambition.

Question 7

Why difference in gender in organizations? differences in leadership

Answer 7

The way women lead differs much from how men lead. Women lead more carefully, with more empathy. Also a similarity camp: women and men do not differ so much actually. There were many different leaders found in research. Transformational leadership style is to be preferred over transactional leadership. Women are more transformational, and more effective leaders. Expectation nowadays, that we need more inclusive society, male leaders are more pushed to transformational leadership. Ideal is a little bit of both. Need a bit of agency and action, but also the communal characteristic is very important.
Barack Obama is a great example of a transformational male leader.

Male get a bonus for engaging in a style. While women with a masculine style is not getting this bonus and appreciation. Women have to behave more carefully, because they have the leadershiprole, but also need to behave feminine.
Leadership is not about sex, it is about gender. That makes it very challenging
Still preference for men, while women are more effective transformative leaders.

Question 8

Why difference in gender in organizations? stereotypes

Answer 8

Women face much more challenges and difficulties.
Mismatch between women and men characteristics. Gender stereotypes lead to less expectations, so women leaders need to work much harder, and prove that they perform in the same manner. Has an impact on recruitment and etc…4

Question 9

Belonging (essers 2020)

Answer 9

The perceptions of acceptance, recognition and inclusion where actors percieve a sense of social acceptance and vaildation (instead of feeling isolated and excluded).