HB AT 2.5

Question 1

cicero two kinds of loci

Answer 1

internal loci

external loci

Question 2

Boethius distinguishes between two types of loci

Answer 2

1. a “maximal proposition” (maxima propositio): a self-evident truth which may cause as a justification of something that is in doubt
    a justificatory principle underlying the link between a given reason (premise) and the standpoint (conclusion) this argument is to support
   example: standpoint: the Moors do not have weapons
   reason: the Moors do not have iron
   linking premise: the Moors have no iron, and therefore no weapons
   maximal proposition: where the matter is lacking, the product made of the matter is also lacking
2. a “difference of maximal propositions” (differentia): loci of this type are used as labels for species of loci of the first type: the maximal propositions

Question 3

Thought, arrangement and delivery were later summarized as the tasks of the speaker, and subdivided into five elements

Answer 3

1. the invention (heuresis or inventio)
2. the arrangement (taxis or dispositio)
3. the wording (lexis or elocutio)
4. the memorizing (mnêmê or memoria)
5. the performance (hupokrisis or actio)

Question 4

Nontechnical means of persuasion:

Answer 4

not part of the art of rhetoric, they are not construed by the speaker but already present at the outset (evidence provided by oaths, witnesses, slaves under torture,written contracts)

Question 5

Technical means of persuasion:

Answer 5

belong to the art of rhetoric, they are supplied by the speaker in the context of the process of persuading an audience of the acceptability of a certain standpoint with regard to the question at issue

Question 6

drie genres

Answer 6

(1) the deliberative genre (genos sumbouleutikon): the audience judges the acceptability of the speaker’s qualification of a future act as (dis)advantageous
(2) the judicial genre (genos dikanikon): the audience judges the acceptability of the speaker’s qualification of a past act as just or unjust
(3) the exhibiting genre (genos epideiktikon): the audience observes the rhetorical qualities of the speaker who puts forward a non-controversial standpoint about someone or something to be either praised or blamed

Question 7

two kinds of topoi

Answer 7

common topoi (koinoi topoi):	can be used to construct enthymemes in all genres
special topoi (idia):		based on propositions that belong to sciences relevant to specific 				genres of speech