eemeren chapt. 4

Question 1

Three aspects of strategic maneuvering, which are inseparable.

Answer 1

1. topical potential: the available repertoire of options for making an argumentative move
2. audience demand: the requirements pertinent to the audience that need to be met
3. presentational devices: the different ways in which the argument can be presented

Question 2

The three aspects are closely linked to three prominent areas of interest for rhetoricians:

Answer 2

1. the topoi, which constitute the basis for selecting appropriate argumentative moves
2. the study of audience orientation and the appeals to endoxa in persuading an audience
3. the study of presentational means that can be used as stylistic devices in pursuit of reasonableness and effectiveness

Question 3

Topical selection

Answer 3

choosing a certain perspective/angle/viewpoint regarding the prevailing assumptions relevant at the concerned point in the discourse/stage of argumentation

Question 4

Dialectical profile (normative):

Answer 4

a sequential pattern of the moves the participants in a discussion are entitled to make to realize a particular aim at a particular stage or sub-stage in the argumentation process

Question 5

Adaptation to audience demand

Answer 5

• identifying the audience and cataloguing their relevant views and preferences
  - primary audience (the most important audience) and the secondary audience (sometimes present, serve as a tool for convincing/satisfying also the primary audience
• create as much agreement between the arguer and the audience as possible

Question 6

Composite audience:

Answer 6

an audience that is heterogenous with respect to the starting point or arguments made in the discussion

		- multiple: different opinions
		- mixed: different starting points

Question 7

Endoxa:

Answer 7

commitments of the audience to the context, pertaining to the situation they are in and to what is ‘normal’ in that situation

Question 8

Presentational choices

Answer 8

the stylistics of presenting your information, i.e. linguistic choices, ways of expression

• aimed at steering the discourse toward the achievement of certain communicative and interactional effects
  
  • explicit/implicit and direct/indirect presentation of argumentative moves