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CBOLC > HAZMAT Operations Exam > Flashcards

HAZMAT Operations Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Operations Level Responder?

A

DEFENSIVE operations (not offensive!)

  • they respond to hazmat by implementing and supporting actions that protect nearby persons, property, and the environment
  • would not usually be wearing PPE or special equipment
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2
Q

Operations Level Responders should be able to (goals):

A

Identify
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

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3
Q

Operations level responders may perform tasks above their training level (or MISSION BASED COMPETENCIES/TASKS) using…

A

WRITTEN or DIRECT guidance

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4
Q

Physical Properties

A
  • DO NOT involve the chemistry of the material

- Describe how a material behaves in relation to the physical environment

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5
Q

Chemical Properties

A
  • occur at a molecular level

- ex. flammability

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6
Q

Boiling Point

A

When liquid turns to gas at the surface

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7
Q

Chemical Reactivity

A
  • The susceptibility of material to release energy by itself or in combination with other materials
  • Ability to undergo a chemical change.
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8
Q

Corrosivity (pH)

A

a substances tendency to deteriorate in the presence of another substance

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9
Q

Properties of an Acid

A
  • pH of less than 7*
  • litmus dyes turn RED
  • dissolves metal
  • reacts with bases
  • equal or less than 2.0 is STRONG
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10
Q

Properties of a Base, Alkalie, or Caustic

A
  • pH above 7*
  • litmus dyes BLUE
  • reacts with acids
  • equal or greater than 12.5 is STRONG
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11
Q

Flammability Range

A

the difference between the UEL and LFL, which is the range where materials will burn and/or explode

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12
Q

The UEL, LFL, and Flammability Range values are given in…

A

concentration percentages

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13
Q

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

A

minimum concentration vapor/air for a flame to propagate

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14
Q

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

A

maximum concentration vapor/air for a flame to propagate

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15
Q

Gasoline LEL and UEL

A

1.4 and 7.6

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16
Q

Hydrazine LEL and UEL

A

2.9 and 98

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17
Q

Flash Point

A

temperature at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors that will ignite readily but will not continue to burn

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18
Q

Ignition Temperature/Autoignition Temperature

A
  • minimum temperature required for self-sustained combustion in the absence of any source of ignition
  • used to determine how flammable a material is
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19
Q

Particle Size

A
  • refers to solids

- expressed in MICRONS

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20
Q

Persistance

A

ability to stay within the area

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21
Q

Physical States and Definitions

A

Solid: specific shape and definite volume
Liquid: no definite shape, but a definite volume
Gas: no definite shape or volume

*Different states form different hazards

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22
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

consists of particles (alpha or beta) or high energy rays (gamma rays, X-rays)

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23
Q

Significance of Ionizing Radiation

A
  • can cause an immediate physical change
  • genetic mutations
  • not commonly encountered in transportation situations
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24
Q

Non-Ionizing Radiation

A

consists of ultraviolet, visible light, sound waves, and magnetic fields

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25
Q

Significance of Non-Ionizing Radiation

A
  • sunburn
  • genetic mutations that lead to cancer
  • beyond our control
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26
Q

Specific Gravity

A
  • ratio of the weight of a liquid or solid as compared to an equal amount of water (think density)
  • these are materials that DO NOT mix with water, they either sink or float
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27
Q

Toxic Products of Combustion

A
  • may alter products
  • may be less/more harmful depending on the HAZMAT that produced it
  • smoke, steam, and runoff from fire and firefighting operations may contaminate a larger area and increases the need for respiratory protection and evacuation downwind
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28
Q

Vapor Density

A

-ratio of the weight of a vapor as compared to an equal amount of air therefore they either SINK or FLOAT

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29
Q

What does Vapor Density Determine?

A

the behavior of free vapors at the scene of a vaporizing liquid spill or gas release

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30
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

the pressure at which the vapor and liquid phases are in equilibrium in a closed container

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31
Q

What is the significance of vapor pressure?

A
  • altitude and temperature affect the vapor pressure, which can increase the stress on the container
  • materials with high flash points may become flammable
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32
Q

Water Solubility

A

a materials ability to blend uniformly

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33
Q

Types of solubility

A

Solid in liquid
Liquid in Liquid
Gas in Liquid
Gas in Gas

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34
Q

Solubility may be described as:

A

miscible (in regards to liquids and gas)

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35
Q

Polymerization

A

when two or more molecules chemically combine to form larger molecules in a reaction that can often be violent

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36
Q

Expansion Ratio

A
  • Volume of a substance in a liquid form compared to the volume of the same number of molecules of that substance as a gas
  • Ratio of finished foam volume to volume of original foam solution
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37
Q

Biological Agent and Toxins

A
  • Viruses, bacteria, or their toxins which are harmful to people, animals, or crops
  • Toxins: poison produced by living organisms
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38
Q

What is the difference between specific gravity and vapor density?

A

liquid vs. gas

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39
Q

Secondary Contamination is also known as…

A

Cross Contamination

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40
Q

Contamination

A
  • transfer of hazmat
  • occurs from DIRECT CONTACT with material
  • victims and responders
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41
Q

Secondary (or Cross) Contamination

A
  • INDIRECT transfer

- contact with victims and responders

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42
Q

Exposure vs. Contamination

A

Just because you were exposed does not mean you were contaminated (ex. someone with covid in a room with you)

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43
Q

Hazard vs. Exposure

A
  • a Hazard is capable of posing unreasonable risk to health and safety
  • exposure is affected by duration and concentration
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44
Q

Infectious and Contagious

A

Infectious gets YOU sick, Contagious gets OTHERS sick

  • Infectious: caused by exposure to harmful microorganisms
  • Contagious: capable of being transmitted
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45
Q

Acute vs. Chronic Effects

A

Immediate vs. Later

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46
Q

Acute vs. Chronic Exposures

A

Acute: large concentrations over a short time
Chronic: long periods of time with repeated exposure and low concentrations

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47
Q

Routes of Entry

A

inhalation
ingestion
absorption
injection

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48
Q

What are the 6 basic groups of Hazard and Response Information?

A
  • Material ID Info (DOT regulations allows for this)
  • Physical Properties
  • Chemical Properties
  • Physical Hazards
  • Health Hazards
  • Response Info
49
Q

Hazardous Materials are classified according to..

A

their primary danger

50
Q

All orange placards are…

A

Class One

51
Q

On a placard, the orange background with a bursting ball indicates..

A

explosives

52
Q

All gas placards will read…

A

GAS

53
Q

NFPA Standard 704 markings are used to…

A
  • identify the presence and type of hazmat/threat at FIXED facilities
  • the marking DOES NOT identify the specific material
54
Q

How are HAZMAT containers marked during transportation?

A

DOT placards, identification numbers for vehicles and containers

55
Q

Vehicle or Tank Identification Markings include:

A
  • type of container/vehicle
  • “Shipping Papers” or “Bill of Lading”
  • metal certification plate
  • Shippers identification number (trailer number)
  • placards or labels
56
Q

On trains, the shipping papers are called…

A

Way Bills or Consist

57
Q

Pipeline Markers:

A 
(POES)
Product
Owner 
Emergency telephone number 
Signal Words
58
Q

In regards to pipelines, be aware that:

A
  • markers are not always exact indicators of a pipelines location
  • pipelines do not always follow a straight line bw markers
  • look for road intersection!
59
Q

GHS stands for…

A

Globally Harmonized System

60
Q

The Product Identifier must be on the label, it includes:

A
  • how the hazard is identified
  • manufacturer
  • product identifier must also be in section one of the SDS and they must match
61
Q

What is the standard for Pesticide Labels?

A
  • Signal Word: indicates severity of hazard
  • Active Ingredients: identified and % is indicated
  • Hazard Statements: nature of hazard
  • Precautionary Statements: recommended protective measures
  • Manufacturer Information (name, address, number)
  • EPA registration number
62
Q

What information is included in the EPA Registration Number?

A

Manufacturer
Specific Product
Sub registration number (distributor’s name)

63
Q

Radioactive Materials are broken down into…

A

fissile classes

64
Q

What are the Fissile Classes?

A
  • Radioactive 1: white placard, low levels
  • Radioactive 2: yellow placard, medium levels
  • Radioactive 3: yellow placard, high levels
65
Q

What is included on Radioactive Material Labels?

A
  • Fissile Classes
  • Content: name of radionuclide
  • Activity: Bq, Ci
  • Transport Index
66
Q

What is the transport index?

A
  • on label of Radioactive Materials*
  • a unit used to determine if the integrity of the package has been breached
  • equals the maximum radiation level in mrem/hour at 1m from an undamaged package
67
Q

How can you verify information obtained from the survey of HAZMAT as it relates to transportation?

A
  • ERG
  • CHEMTREC, CANUTEC, or SETIQ
  • contact shippers
  • internet
68
Q

If you see “secondary contamination from handling patients”, it relates to…

A

criminal or terrorist activity!

69
Q

Hazard Communication Program

A
  • on post version of SDS

- will be found with: base supply, building managers, and fire departments

70
Q

Safety Data Sheets

A
  • fixed and transportation
  • can be found with or in: shipper, a responder can obtain it through CHEMTREC, accompanying the shipment, Internet, at Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC)
71
Q

What are the sections of a SDS?

A

Section One: product identifier, distributer and manufacturer information
Section Two: hazards
Section Three: info on chemical ingredients
Section Four: symptoms
Section Five: fire hazard info
Section Six: emergency procedures
Section Seven: handling and storage
Section Eight: PEL, TLVs, PPE
Section Nine: chemicals characteristics
Section Ten: stability
Section Eleven: routes of exposure and toxicity
Section Twelve-Fifteen: not regulated by OSHA
Section Sixteen: date of prep or revision

72
Q

Law Enforcement can assist in:

A
  • Scene Security
  • Crime Scene Preservation
  • Evidence Collection
73
Q

What are the three types of stress?

A
  • Thermal: radiated, convected
  • Mechanical: dominant physical force
  • Chemical: reaction between chemical and container or content
74
Q

What is Stress?

A

the applied force or system of forces that tend to strain or deform a body

75
Q

If stress is not dealt with, it causes…

A

breaches

76
Q

Types of breaches:

A
  • Disintegration: glass bottle breaking
  • Run away cracking: BLEVE
  • Closures opening up: failed closing mechanism
  • Punctures: forklift collides into container
  • Splits/Tears: torn plastic
77
Q

What are the four ways a container can release their content?

A
  • Detonation
  • Violent Rupture
  • Rapid Relief
  • Spills and Leaks
78
Q

REMEMBER: tears, splits, and punctures are _______ which cause the ______, such as spills and leaks

A

BREACHES cause RELEASE

79
Q

What are the dispersion patterns of HAZMAT?

A
  • Hemisphere: semicircle or dome, partially in contact with ground (GAS)
  • Cloud: ball shaped, risen above ground (GAS)
  • Plume: irregular shaped, influenced by wind or topography (GAS)
  • Cone: triangle shaped with point source and wide base downrange (GAS)
  • Stream: LIQUID flowing with topography
  • Pool: LIQUID in equally shaped circle accumulated in low areas
  • Irregular: irregular deposit or pattern (LIQUID)
80
Q

Define Harm

A

injury or damage caused by being exposed to the hazards of the material

81
Q

What are the factors that influence harm?

A

concentration and duration

82
Q

Types of Hazards that cause harm:

A

Thermal: heat or cold
Etilogic: bodily fluid borne disease
Asphyxiation: inability to carry or deliver oxygen
Mechanical: explosion or fire
Corrosive: breaking layers of skin
Poisonous: inhibit body normal biological functions
Radiation: damaging through waves/particles
Physiological: generates fear or helplessness

83
Q

Corrosive

A

causes visible destruction or irreversible damage to living tissue at the sight of contact

84
Q

Lethal Concentration (LC 50) vs. Lethal Dose (LD 50)

A

lethal concentration is by inhalation and dose is by any other route

85
Q

Toxic

A

Poisonous

86
Q

Toxicity

A

the degree to which it is harmful

87
Q

Irritant

A

cause REVERSIBLE inflammation at the site of contact

88
Q

Sensitizer

A

causes an allergic reaction in most exposed organisms

89
Q

Examples of chemicals that have target organ effects

A
  • Hepatotoxins (liver damage)
  • Nephrotoxins (kidney)
  • Neurotoxins (nervous system)
  • Blood Agents (hemoglobin)
  • Pulmonary Agents (irritate the lung or damage pulmonary tissue)
90
Q

Cutaneous Hazards

A

affect dermal layer

91
Q

Asphyxiant

A

displaces oxygen

92
Q

Convulsant

A

causes seizure

93
Q

Allergen

A

provoking substance

94
Q

Mutagen vs. Teratogen

A

effects DNA of mother and baby, respectively

95
Q

Alpha Particles

A
  • slow moving and heavy
  • can travel 3 inches and be stopped by a sheet of paper
  • not dangerous unless ingested
  • PPE can protect against it
96
Q

Beta Particles

A
  • very small with high penetrating power
  • can travel 7 ft
  • can damage skin tissue, and internal organs if ingested
  • PPE protects
97
Q

Gamma Rays

A
  • most dangerous
  • originate from nucleus
  • speed of light
  • can be shielded by several feet of concrete or a few inches or lead
  • can cause skin burns and damage internal organs
  • PPE is inadequate
98
Q

Neutron

A
  • neutron particles ejected from an atoms nucleus
  • nuclear power plants
  • not commonly encountered in transportation
  • best shielded with high hydrogen content material
99
Q

What are the best ways to protect agains radiation?

A

Time, Distance, and Shielding

100
Q

What is the Inverse Square Law?

A

Realtes to Radiation.

As you double the distance, you quarter the exposure

101
Q

Resources for determining the size of the endangered area:

A
  • ERG: table of initial isolation and protective action distances, green pages, orange pages for initial distances
  • CHEMTREC
  • Pre Incident Plume dispersion models
102
Q

What factors influence determining numbers and types of exposures?

A

TIME TO LEAVE WASHINGTON:

  • Time of day
  • Type of occupancies
  • Location of release
  • Weather
103
Q

IOT determine the total number of exposure that could be saved, you would:

A
  1. determine the total number of exposures
  2. determine the number or exposures already lost
  3. estimate effectiveness of the chosen action option
104
Q

Defensive Operations fall into two categories

A
  1. Evacuation

2. Recognition, Identification, Notification, and Isolation

105
Q

Gross Decontamination

A
  • a phase of all decontamination
  • because of cancer, gross decontamination is now recommended
  • reduces contaminates immediately
  • may not remove all contaminates
106
Q

Describe the primary types of decontamination

A
  • Emergency: removes the threatening contaminate from victim without regard to environment or property
  • Technical: using chemical or physical methods to remove contaminates
  • Mass Decontamination: large numbers of people as fast as possible
107
Q

We set um emergency decontamination…

A

IMMEDIATELY

108
Q

We set up technical and mass decon…

A

before entering the hot zone

109
Q

Residual Contact Contamination

A

waste runoff as a by-product of the decontamination process

110
Q

High Temperature Protective Clothing Includes…

A
  • Approach Suits: short term entry into flaming environments
  • Proximity Suits: short term entry into flaming environments AND close approach for rescue
  • Fire-Entry Suits: total flame environments, prolonged exposure to direct flame
111
Q

Selection of proper PPE is based in:

A

the HAZARD and its IMPACT

112
Q

Degradation, Penetration and Permeation

A

the damage, how it affects the suit, how it poses risk to you

113
Q

What are you expected to be able to do at the operations level?

A
  • describe safety and emergency procedures

- don, work in, and doff PPE

114
Q

When it comes to PPE, emergency procedures include:

A
  • Loss of air supply
  • Loss of suit integrity
  • Loss of verbal communication
  • Buddy down in hot zone
115
Q

NFPA 1500

A

annual requirements for individuals to be:

  • trained
  • tested
  • certified
  • job oriented PT test
116
Q

NFPA 704

A

at a fixed facility. does not name the chemical.

117
Q

NFPA 1991

A

Level A: unpermeated for 3 hours

118
Q

NFPA 1992

A

Level B: unpermeated for 1 hour

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