Hazmat Chapter 37 Flashcards
NFPA 1072 defines _________ as “the procedures, techniques, and methods used in the mitigation of hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) incidents, including containment, extinguishment, and confinement.”
Control
_________ refers to actions that stop the hazardous material from leaking or escaping its container.
Containment
________ is the process whereby a spongy material (soil or loose absorbents such as vermiculite, clay, or peat moss) or specially designed spill pads are used to soak up a liquid hazardous material.
Absorption
________ minimizes the spread of liquid spills, but it is effective only on flat surfaces.
Absorption
What are two drawbacks to using absorption techniques?
- Being in close proximity to the spilled material.
2. Adding volume to the spill.
The opposite of absorption is _________ .
Adsorption
In ________, the contaminant adheres to the surface of an added material.
Adsorption
________ is a containment technique that is used when liquid is flowing in a natural channel or depression and its progress can be stopped by blocking the channel.
Damming
A ______ ______ is placed across a small stream or ditch to completely stop the flow of materials through the channel.
Complete Dam
A ______ dam is used to contain materials heavier than water (specific gravity > 1).
Overflow
An _________ dam is used to contain materials lighter than water (specific gravity < 1).
Underflow
________ is the placement of a selected material such as sand, dirt, loose absorbent, or concrete to form a barrier that will keep a hazardous material (in liquid form) from entering an unwanted area or to hold the material in a specific location.
Diking
______ is the addition of water or another substance to weaken the strength or concentration of a hazardous material (typically a corrosive).
Dilution
______ techniques in general are intended to redirect the flow of a liquid away from an endangered area to an area where it will have less impact.
Diversion
______ is the process of creating a defined area to hold hazardous materials.
Retention
A protective action that should always be considered–especially with transportation emergencies or incidents at fixed facilities–is the identification and isolation of the ______ _______ ______-______.
Remote Valve shut-off
What class poisons do MC-306/DOT 406 carry?
Class B Poisons
How many gallons of product at atmospheric pressure can an MC-306/DOT 406 cargo tank carries?
9200 gallons
MC-307/DOT 407 carries chemicals that are transported at low pressure, such as flammable and combustible liquids as well as mild corrosives and poisons. How many gallons or product can they carry?
7000 gallons
_____-____ cargo tanks carry compressed liquefied gases such as anhydrous ammonia, propane, butane, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
MC-331
MC-331 cargo tanks have a carrying capacity between _____ and _____ gallons.
2,500; 11,500
Typically, the shut-off valves on MC-331 tanks are located where?
One side of the container near the discharge end
_______ ________ is the process of lowering the concentration of vapors by spreading the vapors out.
Vapor dispersion
______ ______ is the process of controlling fumes or vapors that are given off by certain materials, particularly flammable liquids, to prevent ignition.
Vapor suppression
What percent concentrations can aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) be used at?
1%, 3%, or 6% concentration
What kind of foam is designed to form a blanket over spilled flammable liquids to suppress vapors or on actively burning pools of flammable liquids?
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)
_______ _______-_______ ______ can be used at 1 percent, 3 percent, or 6 percent concentration.
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)
______-______ _______ have properties like AFFF, except that they are formulated so that alcohols such as methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and other polar solvents will not dissolve the foam. (Regular protein foams cannot be used on these types of products.)
Alcohol-resistant concentrates
________ ________ contains protein products mixed with synthetic fluorinated surfactants.
Fluoroprotein foam
______ _____ rapidly spread over the fuel, ensuring fire knockdown and vapor suppression. These foams, like many of the synthetic foam concentrates and other types of special-purpose foams, are resistant to polar solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and ethers.
Fluoroprotein foam
_____ _____ concentrates are made from hydrolyzed proteins (animal byproducts), along with stabilizers and preservatives.
Protein foam
_____ _____ are types of foams are very stable and possess good expansion properties. They are quite durable and resistant to reignition when used on Class B fires or spills involving nonpolar substances such as gasoline, toluene, oil, and kerosene.
Protein foam
_____-______ ______ is used when large volumes of foam are required for spills or fires in warehouses, tank farms, and hazardous waste facilities.
High-expansion foam
What kind of foam is not uncommon to have a yield of more than 1000 gallons of finished foam from every gallon of foam concentration used?
High-expansion foam
________ is the process of applying a material that will soak up and hold a hazardous material in a sponge-like manner for the collection and subsequent disposal.
Absorption
________ is the process in which a contaminant adheres to the surface of an added material-such as silica or activated carbon-rather than combining with it (as an absorption).
Adsorption
______-_______ _______ _______ is a concentrate used for fighting fires on water-soluble materials and other fuels destructive to regular, AFFF, or FFFP foams, as well as for fires involving hydrocarbons.
Alcohol-resistant foam concentrate
______ ______-______ ______ is a concentrate based on fluorinated surfactants pls foam stabilizers to produce a fluid aqueous film for suppressing hydrocarbon fuel vapors and usually diluted with water to a 1 percent, 3 percent, or 6 percent solution.
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)
______ are the procedures taken to keep a material, once released, in a defined or local area.
Confinement
______ are the actions taken to keep a material in its container (e.g., stop a release of the material or reduce the amount being released).
Containment
______ are the procedures, techniques, and methods used in the mitigation of hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) incidents, including containment, extinguishment, and confinement.
Control
_______ is the product-control process used when liquid is flowing in a natural channel or depression, and its progress can be stopped by constructing a barrier to block the flow.
Damming
_____ is the placement of materials to form a barrier that will keep a hazardous material in liquid form from entering an area or that will hold the material in an area.
Diking
_____ is the process of adding a substance-usually water-to weaken the concentration of another substance.
Dilution
______ is the process of redirecting spilled or leaking material to an area where it will have less impact.
Diversion
______ is a protein-based foam concentrate to which fluorochemical surfactants have been added.
Fluoroprotein foam
____-_____ _____ a foam created by pumping large volumes of air through a small screen coated with a foam solution.
High-expansion foam
_____ _____ is a protein-based foam concentrate that is stabilized with metal salts to make a fire-resistant foam blanket.
Protein foam
______ ______ is the stage of a hazardous materials incident after imminent danger has passed, when clean-up and the return to normalcy have begun.
Recovery phase
_____ _____ ______-______ is a type of valve that may be found at fixed facilities utilizing chemical processes or piped systems that carry chemicals.
Remote valve shut-off
______ is the process of purposefully collecting hazardous materials in a defined area.
Retention
_____ _____ is the process of lowering the concentration of vapors by spreading them out, typically with a water for from a hose line.
Vapor dispersion
_____ _____ is the process of controlling vapors given off by hazardous materials, thereby preventing vapor ignition, by covering the product with foam or other material or by reducing the temperature of the material.
Vapor suppression
