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Hazmat Flashcards

0
Q

The status of containers involved will likely influence the

A

Type and extent of defensive practices undertaken

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1
Q

First responders should constantly assess the status of

A

Any containers that may be involved

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2
Q

First responders must evaluate the ———-where the container is located and any ——- that may be applied to containers

A

Environment

Stress

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3
Q

Types of stress

A

Thermal mechanical chemical

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4
Q

When attempting to prevent a release of hazardous materials first responders should always remember that

A

Pressurized containers usually present the greatest danger

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5
Q

If the valve on a compressed gas cylinder is damaged gas or vapor may be released at a rate and volume

A

Faster than it would be from a pressure relief device

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6
Q

Physical damage to a container wall may appear as a crease dent or gouge and the extent of damage will influence the extent to which

A

The integrity of the container has been weekend

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7
Q

Damage is especially troublesome when it occurs at

A

Weld lines or places where pieces of metal are joined

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8
Q

If a damaged and therefore weakened container cannot withstand its internal pressure immediately after an accident the container will likely

A

Explode prior to the arrival of first responders

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9
Q

If the internal pressure increases sufficiently to a point just above that which the weakened container wall can resist the container may

A

Fail without warning

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10
Q

Liquefied gases stored at normal atmospheric temperatures and pressures are already

A

Boiling inside their containers

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11
Q

Once the liquid inside is above it’s boiling point the containers become

A

Pressure cookers with the potential for disastrous consequences

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12
Q

The weakening of a container wall from flame impingement usually occurs when the flame contacts

A

The vapor space which is usually the upper portion of a container

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13
Q

Whenever containers are exposed to a fire with a decrease in container strength and increase of internal pressure first responders must remember that

A

Operation of a pressure relief valve is no guarantee that the container will not explode

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14
Q

The sound of gas and vapor escaping from an operating pressure relief device during a fire will increase in both ———-as internal pressure continues to rise due to an external heating. This change in sound should serve as a warning to first responders that they may need to——

A

Volume and pitch

immediately evacuate the area

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15
Q

Containers intended to store liquids at normal temperatures and pressures usually do not

Unless

A

Present a danger from excessive internal pressure

There is an external heating or chemical reaction of the contents inside the container

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16
Q

External heating can occur from exposure to

A

Direct sunlight or fire

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17
Q

Long-term incidents have a potential for the internal pressure of containers to fluctuate due to changes in

A

Weather conditions and time of day

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18
Q

Non-pressure containers with liquid or solid materials may also be subject to excessive internal pressure from chemical reactions that occur as a result of

A

Improper handling of unstable materials

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19
Q

non pressure containers: Metal containers may develop a ——as internal pressure increases and stresses the container wall

A

Metallic pinging sound

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20
Q

The ends of ——– are usually the weakest locations and therefore the most dangerous

A

Non-pressure containers

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21
Q

Non-pressure containers: if the container of liquid burst it will usually do so at——— which may then cause the container to travel in——-

A

One of its ends

travel in the opposite direction at a high rate of speed

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22
Q

Nonpressure containers: There may be little first responders can do to prevent a release from a container that is

A

Already under pressure or

when the internal pressure is steadily increasing

Evacuating the area a safe distance may be the only option

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23
Q

Containers under pressure can release their contents

A

Without warning

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24
Q

——–Used to cool containers usually present a lesser danger to personnel than do handheld lines

A

Master streams

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25
Q

Using water to cool containers: large amounts of water may be required and the ability of fire departments to meet these demands could be limited especially if

A

Operations involve the use of water SHUTTLES

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26
Q

During vehicle accidents involving hazardous materials first responders should attempt to learn not only what materials are present but also

A

The type of container involved

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27
Q

Containers made of glass cardboard or plastic generally have less ———–than metal containers

A

Structural integrity

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28
Q

A first responder should never assume that no evidence of an external leak from a ———–involved in an accident is actually an indication that no containers in the truck have been damaged

A

Box truck

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29
Q

If containers of hazardous materials are undamaged they often need to be unloaded before attempting to recover a damaged vehicle in order to prevent these containers from

A

Leaking during the recovery process

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30
Q

Efforts to remove containers of hazardous materials will likely require a

A

Hazardous materials team or cleanup contractor to assess the conditions of the containers and conduct the transfer of the containers to another vehicle

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31
Q

In some situations preventing the release of hazardous materials may require overhaul to be conducted in conjunction with

A

Cleanup contractors

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32
Q

Preventing the release of hazardous materials during ———-requires extreme care

A

Overhaul of structure fires

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33
Q

When dealing with releases of LIQUIDS any attempt by first responders to control and contain the movement of these materials should be done only if

A

Their actions will not Expose personnel to the hazards of the material

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34
Q

The dike should be capable of holding the entire contents of the container but first responders should be prepared in the event that

A

The dike fails

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35
Q

During incidents involving leaking bulk liquid storage containers first responders should always

A

Monitor the integrity of any dikes and be prepared to react should they suspect impending failure

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36
Q

Whether dikes are used outdoors or inside buildings they will allow hazardous materials ——–to which may result in——-

A

Form into a pool

large surface area

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37
Q

If a liquid is moving from the site of a release there will be several considerations that will influence the decision of first responders to intervene including

A

The nature of the spilled material
the quality released
the speed it’s moving
whether the release is ongoing

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38
Q

Some liquid spills may encounter——– that will subsequently contain the release and thereby minimize the amount of effort needed by first responders to construct temporary barriers

A

Natural barriers

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39
Q

Temporary barriers to contain a spilled liquid can be built from

A

Soil or absorbants

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40
Q

Anything used to build temporary barriers must be ——–with the hazardous material released

A

Compatible

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41
Q

The product first responders are attempting to contain must not result in a——— when it contacts the temporary barrier

A

Violent chemical reaction

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42
Q

Temporary containment barriers built on land: ERG 2004 suggest the use of ————when dealing with spills of certain types of hazardous materials

A

Dry earth, dry sand, or other noncombustible material

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43
Q

First responders may be able to control the flow of a liquid spill moving downhill using a ———that directs the material to an area where can be contained or result in less harm

A

Diversion wall

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44
Q

Containment areas could be a depression along a road shoulder or a large hole sometimes referred to as a

A

Retention basin

dug by first responders for the purpose of containing the runoff

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45
Q

When preparing to dig a retention basin, first responders must always remember that any effort to excavate a containment area must take into consideration

Especially important when

A

The presence of underground utilities.

Working to contain spills that occur on the shoulders of highways or railroad right-of-way’s since these areas are often the site of underground utilities

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46
Q

The location of some underground utilities maybe marked using ——-that include an______

A

Aboveground signs

emergency telephone number

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47
Q

Some underground utilities maybe Marked using aboveground signs. many more utilities are not marked and first responders must pay attention to

A

Obvious indicators that underground utilities are nearby

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48
Q

Obvious indicators that underground utilities are nearby

A

Pad mounted transformers, manhole covers, valve boxes, and utility poles outfitted with an attached cable that runs from the top of the pole to an underground connection at it base

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49
Q

Most areas of the United States are served by companies whose job it is to locate underground utilities for construction contractors usually within—-

Many of these companies will provide some form of

A

48 hours of notification

Emergency utility locating service for first responders

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50
Q

Emergency utility locating service:
he must inform the operator of a need for ——-
he should be prepared to provide the operator with his——

A

Immediate assistance

location and a callback number

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51
Q

The response time of utility representatives will vary so a first responders should

A

Remind them that they are dealing with an emergency situation

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52
Q

First responders should learn the details of local and state laws in their area that govern

A

Locating services for underground utilities

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53
Q

Absorbent booms: the material they are attempting to contain will need to have the following characteristics

A
  • cannot be miscible with water

- most float on the surface of water

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54
Q

On bodies of water first responders may be able to contain liquids by using ———designed to float on water

A

Absorbent booms

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55
Q

A floating absorbent boom would likely be affective to contain a release of ——–the same boom would be useless when attempting to contain a spill of——-

A

Diesel fuel

Antifreeze solution

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56
Q

Absorbent boobs are generally not intended for use on large bodies of water where there may be

A

Significant wave action or strong currents

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57
Q

Absorbent brooms usually work well in

A

Small creeks streams and ponds

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58
Q

Most absorbent booms are manufactured in ——–but they are designed to be——-

A

10 foot sections

hooked together if needed to cover a greater distance

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59
Q

The ends of absorbent booms must be

This can be accomplished using

A

Secured to the shoreline

Wood or metal stakes driven through the metal rings normally attached to the each end of the boom

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60
Q

Underflow dams are best used in

A

Narrow creeks and streams with flowing water

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61
Q

Underflow dam: the hose is placed in the water with only about ——-of the hose in front of where the dam will be built

A

2 ft

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62
Q

Under flow dam. Steps

A
  1. Rocks or tree limbs placed on the bottom of the Creek or stream
  2. hose placed in water
  3. soil placed around pipe between each shoreline
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63
Q

When building an underflow dam, any pipe used must be large enough to allow the water to

A

Flow freely

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64
Q

Underflow dams are subject to ——and must be——

A

Corrosion from the force of moving water

monitored at all times

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65
Q

An important consideration for first responders to remember when attempting to contain the release of a spilled liquid is

A

That of redundancy

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66
Q

Redundancy

A

Whenever possible temporary containment barriers should be backed up by additional barriers

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67
Q

The location of any containment device used in a body of water should always take into consideration

A

The eventual removal of the material

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68
Q

Removal of a hazardous material that is floating on the surface of water may involve the use of

A

Absorbent pads

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69
Q

When choosing a location for placement of absorbent booms or underflow dams especially for releases that involve large quantities of product first responders should consider

A

The means by which a large vehicle can approach the site

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70
Q

First responders who have contained any liquid material must continuously monitor

A

Temporary barriers to ensure their integrity

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71
Q

When dealing with ——-spills involving some types of —— ERG 2004 recommends applying flooding quantities of water

A

Small

Oxidizers

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72
Q

While applying large quantities of water can dilute a spill to a safer and more stable concentration before doing so a first responder should remember to FIRST

A

Check with local and state environmental officials and conduct research to determine potential outcomes

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73
Q

With few exceptions adding water to a spill of hazardous materials will

A

Move the material to another location creating a larger cleanup problem

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74
Q

First responder should never apply water to a spill of hazardous materials unless they are confident that doing so will

A

Not cause their efforts to become part of the problem

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75
Q

Dealing with gases and vapors always presents significant challenges since many of these materials

A

Are odorless and colorless

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76
Q

First responders may be able to identify compressed gas cylinders suspected of leaking since there may be

A

FROSTING near the discharge opening

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77
Q

Frosting occurs as moisture in the surrounding atmosphere is

A

Cooled by the escaping gas or vapor

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78
Q

Factors to consider when deciding what steps to take to control a release of gases and vapors

A

Type of material, quantity, speed, and duration of release

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79
Q

———Pose inhalation hazards as well as a greater threat from fire or explosion since gases and vapors are easily ignited

A

Airborne hazards

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80
Q

The most difficult form of material to control is a ———-, sense when a material is in this physical state it may———

A

Gas or vapor

travel unimpeded

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81
Q

Increased temperature can ———-of gases and vapors and for liquids it can increase the rate at which the———produces vapors

A

Accelerate the activity

surface area

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82
Q

Airborne materials can quickly fill a void space depending upon whether the material is

A

Heavier or lighter than the surrounding air

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83
Q

Controlling the movement of gases and vapors indoors can be as simple as

A

Closing a door to a room along with shutting down the ventilation system

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84
Q

Controlling vapors and gases within buildings: if an area where the ventilation controls are located is not safe to enter it may be better to

A

Have Electric power to the building terminated from a remote site

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85
Q

Natural gas released indoors can migrate upwards into an attic space only to be ignited later by an

A

Attic fan

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86
Q

Propane can seep into the crawlspace of a house and explode once ignited by a

A

Floor furnace

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87
Q

Releases of natural gas or propane may be controlled if there is an ——–that can be operated safely by first responders

A

External valve

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88
Q

External valve/natural gas or propane: this valve must be remote from the source of the release to avoid contamination and must—-

A

Clearly indicate the position of the valve

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89
Q

First responders should usually not operate——- for———- unless instructed to do so by the local utility company that manages the service

A

Below grade street valves

natural gas service

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90
Q

Before applying water to a gas or vapor first responders should make sure they

A

Know what to expect, since some will produce a hazardous water runoff

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91
Q

Attempting to control a release of chlorine gas with water spray may produce a

A

Corrosive runoff

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92
Q

Water spray applied to flammable gases and vapors will

A

Not always prevent ignition. air entrained in a fog stream could mix with these materials and cause them to reach their flammable range

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93
Q

During freezing weather large volumes of water spray can produce icy conditions that may require the application of an

A

Abrasive such as sand

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94
Q

Releases of solid hazardous materials usually occur in the form of a

A

Powder or granular substance

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95
Q

Containing the release of a solid: large containers constructed of metal or plastic have the potential to release

A

Several hundred pounds of material

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96
Q

Some hazardous materials may be transported in solid form by——-or———that have the potential to release thousands of pounds powder or granular substance

A

Dump trucks or dry bulk hopper cars

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97
Q

Containing the release of a solid:————will play a role in determining the actions of first responders

A

Wind speed and direction

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98
Q

The addition of water to a spill of solid hazardous materials may only create more problems. this is especially important to remember if the material is

A

Soluble

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99
Q

Containing the release of a solid: ERG2004 recommends covering spills of some materials with a ———–to reduce the potential for the material to spread and to keep the material dry

A

Plastic sheet or tarp

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100
Q

Whenever operating ventilation systems first responders must remember

A

Not to expose anyone assigned this task to the hazardous material vapors they are attempting to control

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101
Q

Defensive tactics that can be used by first responders to minimize the exposure of people to hazardous materials

A

Protective actions

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102
Q

Protective actions include

A
  • Isolating and denied entry to affected areas
  • evacuation of these areas
  • in place protection a nearby structures
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103
Q

Upon arrival at most hazardous materials incidents first responders will often be faced with the task of

A

Isolating affected areas

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104
Q

While dealing with transportation emergencies first responders can consult

A

The ERG

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105
Q

Each orange bordered page of the ERG proves———–under the heading Public Safety

A

Recommended distances for IMMEDIATE ISOLATION for a spill or leak

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106
Q

ERG 2004 provides recommendations for protecting the public from spills that involve dangerous goods which are considered toxic by inhalation TIH including certain chemical warfare agents or which produce toxic gases upon contact with water. This information is found in the table of initial isolation and protective action distances green border pages and is intended to show areas likely to be affected during the————after materials are released

A

First 30 minutes

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107
Q

When attempting to determine the size of an ———– first responders should resist the urge to overreact and instead establish a ——–

A

Initial isolation area

Reasonable area

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108
Q

In order to———— first responders may be able to use existing physical barriers such as highway guardrails or median strips during highway accidents or by closing doors to isolate certain areas inside buildings on some occasions they may elect to use barrier tape

A

Define isolation areas

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109
Q

First responders should never rely on barrier tape as the only means to

A

Define an area affected by a hazardous material

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110
Q

———Should be monitored by first responders including law-enforcement officers to ensure compliance

A

The use of barrier tape

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111
Q

Law-enforcement officers may be requested to block roads or detour traffic when doing so first responders must remember not to place these individuals in areas where they can be affected by

A

Airborne hazards

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112
Q

Efforts to————– and———-Are effective defensive tactics for most hazardous materials incidents

A

Isolate affected areas

deny entry

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113
Q

Those incidents associated with————usually require additional defensive tactics in order to protect the public

A

Airborne hazards

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114
Q

Evacuation involves

A

The removal of people from an area

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115
Q

The intent of in place protection is to

A

Have individuals remain in an affected area,

while inside structures with doors and windows CLOSED and SEALED and ventilation equipment SWITCHED OFF

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116
Q

When time allows ————may be the best protective action

A

Evacuation of buildings in an affected area

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117
Q

Evacuation may also be a preferred method of defensive protective actions if a material released is ——–or———- .such as when——–

A

Flammable

it will likely take a long time for the material to dissipate

heavier than air gas is released on a day with very little wind

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118
Q

Serious considerations when deciding on evacuation include

A
  • Where to shelter evacuees
  • how to get these individuals to shelters
  • how to care for them once they arrive
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119
Q

It is entirely possible for first responders to use both evacuation and in place protection simultaneously as a

A

Defensive protective action

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120
Q

Once first responders decide on either in place protection or evacuation their next challenge is often

A

To notify individuals in the affected area of suggested actions to take

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121
Q

(Evacuation and in place protection) all of these techniques are easier to accomplish during——-

A

Daylight and evening hours

as opposed to

late-night or or early morning

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122
Q

(Evacuation and in place protection) some localities have technology that allows emergency officials to contact people in affected areas by telephone using

A

A special modification to an already established 911 system. they can deliver a recorded message with emergency information

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123
Q

A first responder should always know which people to contact in his———– regarding any actions he may wish to take regarding evacuation or in place protection

A

Local emergency management office

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124
Q

Emergency management officials are often prepared with the knowledge of

A
  • How to request local media transmit emergency messages
  • available shelters, shelter operations, and transportation
  • how to operate shelters in a safe and efficient manner
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125
Q

(Evacuation and in place protection) First responder should remember that———- is a serious concern especially when dealing with——–

A

Accountability for evacuees

children

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126
Q

——-will be unavoidable during the———-of any evacuation and local emergency management officials can provide valuable assistance here

A

Confusion

initial phase

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127
Q

Accountability is even more challenging when

A

More than one sheltering site is used

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128
Q

When attempting to document notification of citizens in affected areas, while going door to door one suggestion is to ———————

This indicates that—-

A

Mark the front door of each building or perhaps a mailbox with a small piece of triage tape

A Public Safety official has already visited that location

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129
Q

(Document notification of citizens) some first responders may elect to use 2 different colors, one to indicate———and another to signify———-

A

Contact with the occupants

no response

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130
Q

When challenged regarding decisions that involve defensive protective actions first responders should always remember:

A

An inconvenience is temporary dead is forever

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131
Q

First responders conducting any—————- should always consider the use of full protective clothing and SCBA

A

Defensive actions to contain or control the release of a hazardous material

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132
Q

Firefighter protective clothing offers limited protection from

A

Hazardous materials

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133
Q

The best way to decontaminate any protective clothing is to

A

Avoid contamination

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134
Q

Despite the efforts of first responders to use their protective clothing properly and avoid contamination they should always be prepared to

A

Decontaminate this clothing

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135
Q

ERG 2004 decontamination is the removal of dangerous goods (hazardous materials) from personnel and equipment to the extent necessary to

A

Prevent potential adverse health effects

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136
Q

(Decontamination) this should be done with a least a ——————–especially when————

A

Gross wash prior to leaving the scene of most hazardous materials incidents

they have engaged in certain defensive actions

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137
Q

In addition to a gross wash first responders may need to scrub protective clothing with a———— prior to———
If there is any concern regarding contamination from———

A

Soap solution

removing the garment

some chemicals

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138
Q

Removal of protective clothing should be done in a manner that

A

Turns the garment inside out

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139
Q

In garment in need of additional cleaning off-site should be placed into

A

Large clear trash bags

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140
Q

The manufacturer of the protective clothing should then be consulted to determine

A

The best method to clean the garment and whether the garment can be returned to service

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141
Q

The garment may be taken to a vendor for cleaning such as a fire equipment supplier who offers this service. if so the first responder must remember to

A

Provide them with a copy of the MSDS for the material that is the source of the contamination

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142
Q

Water supply for decontamination can be provided by

A

Hose lines from the fire apparatus

Garden hose adapters
1 3/4” hose line
booster hose

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143
Q

First responders should attempt to contain runoff water during decontamination of ———–at the scene of a hazardous materials incident

A

Protective clothing

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144
Q

Decontamination of first responders: some departments may use —————–including small plastic swimming pools

A

Specially designed containment basins

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145
Q

Temporary containment basins can be constructed using

A

2 sections of hard suction hose

pipe poles or attic ladders

sheets of CLEAR plastic or tarps

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146
Q

Construction of a containment basin: plastic sheet or tarp is laid over the frame and

A

Tucked underneath each of the four crossmembers

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147
Q

The task of disposing of decontamination runoff water is usually done

A

In conjunction with the disposal of other hazardous waste generated during the incident

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148
Q

Decontamination runoff water: first responders may be able to dispose of this water on site but representatives from ————should FIRST be consulted to determine if this action is appropriate

A

Environmental regulatory agencies

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149
Q

While a gas is usually the most difficult form and a material to control ————–will present first responders with hazards similar to a gas

A

Vapor from liquids and dusts from solids

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150
Q

—–Usually present the greatest danger to first responders

A

Pressurized containers

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151
Q

First responders who contain the release of a liquid hazardous material may then need to deal with

A

A surface area capable of producing large amounts of hazardous vapors

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152
Q

Attempts to contain the release of gases and vapors with water may

A

Produce a hazardous water runoff

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153
Q

First responders should not operate————- unless instructed to do so by the local utility company

A

Below grade street valves for natural gas service

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154
Q

First responder should resist the urge to wet down to wash away spills of

A

Hazardous materials in solid form

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155
Q

Individuals assigned the task of traffic control should not be placed in areas where they can be affected by

A

Airborne hazards

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156
Q

Protective actions used by first responders include

A
  • Isolating and denying entry
  • evacuation
  • in place protection
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157
Q

———-Include efforts to minimize contamination by avoiding spill materials and resisting the urge to touch or otherwise handle containers

A

Safe work practices

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158
Q

first responders should always be prepared to decontaminate their protective clothing with ———–prior to leaving the scene of most hazardous materials incidents

A

At least a gross wash

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159
Q

When dealing with citizen complaints regarding decisions to evacuate people during a hazardous materials incident the first responder should always remember

A

An inconvenience is temporary. dead is forever

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160
Q

A bobtailed tractor one without the trailer has the potential for a spill of —–gallons of diesel fuel from its fuel tanks

A

Several hundred

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161
Q

When responding to a ————-first responders must determine if hazardous materials are involved and if there is a release of potential release of these materials

A

Highway transportation incident

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162
Q

Included in the———- are identification tools known as labels and placards

A

Code of Federal Regulations-transportation

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163
Q

——–Often allow first responders to detect the presence of a hazardous material from a safe distance

A

Labels and placards

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164
Q

Labels and Placards

the information provided is usually limited to a materials——- rather than the ——-of the material

A

Hazard class

name

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165
Q

(Only a materials hazard class) this is generally due to the fact that many highway transportation incidents involve vehicles that

A

could each contain Numerous types of hazardous material packages

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166
Q

——-may contain only one or two commodities

A

Large containers such as cargo tanks

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167
Q

——-Are normally applied to non-bulk containers

A

Labels

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168
Q

Labels usually measure

A

AT LEAST 3.9” on each side

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169
Q

——Can be printed on the exterior surface of a package or placed on a securely affixed tag. another means to affix labels includes adhesive backings

A

Labels

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170
Q

Placards are normally affixed to the ———— of transport vehicles such as vans cargo tanks straight body trucks and semi trailers

A

Front
rear
both sides

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171
Q

First responder should be aware that the ———–of some truck tractors may incorporate a cab configuration intended to direct airflow around the trailer

A

Aerodynamic design

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172
Q

Placards may also be found on certain———- such as large portable tanks

A

Large individual packages

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173
Q

Placards usually measure——-

and are generally made of ——–design for placement in a———-

A

At least 10.8 inches on each side

plastic or tag Board

metal frame or
vinyl with adhesive backing

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174
Q

There are devices mounted on the sides of some transport vehicles with———— that allow for selection of the appropriate placard

A

Hinged metal panels

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175
Q

Labels and Placards function primarily as an ——— designed to alert first responders to materials assigned——–

A

Information system

hazard class

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176
Q

Knowing at least the hazard class will enable first responders to make ——-during the ——of an incident involving a transportation mishap.

A

Better informed decisions

early stages

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177
Q

Label and Placher information system include

A

Background color

hazard class name

hazard class number

symbol

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178
Q

Label and placard information system displayed in the center

A

Hazard class name

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179
Q

Label and placard information system single digit number displayed in the lower corner

A

Hazard class number

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180
Q

Label and Placard information system displayed in the upper corner

A

Symbol

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181
Q

The determination of a background color, hazard class number, and symbol is usually dependent upon the

A

Primary hazard class of a material

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182
Q

White background color

A

Poisonous

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183
Q

Red background color

A

Flammable (liquid or gas)

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184
Q

Flame symbol

A

Flammable (solid liquid or gas)

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185
Q

The display of a hazardous materials ————is sometimes required on transport vehicles for various shipments of hazardous materials

A

Four digit identification number

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186
Q

Four digit identification number: in the———— this number is usually referred to as a——–

A

Federal transportation regulations

marking

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187
Q

Can help determine the name of the product

A

identification number

Or at least several products that share similar characteristics

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188
Q

———–Is often displayed in the center of the placard and as such the———— will not be immediately available

A

Four digit identification number

name of the hazard class

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189
Q

A red placard with a flame signal symbol may display either a———- as a hazard class number

A

2 or 3

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190
Q

A red Placard with a flame signal and a hazard class number three would represent a

A

Flammable liquid

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191
Q

A red placard with a flame signal and the hazard class number 2 would represent a

A

Flammable gas

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192
Q

A placard for a gas that is poisonous by inhalation will display a
hazard class number—–
Back ground color—–
Symbol—–

A

2
White
skull and cross bones

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193
Q 
Hazard class 2 
white background color symbol crossbones symbol
A

Gas that is poisonous by inhalation

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194
Q

General requirements regarding use of ——–our provided by 49 CFR parts 100-185

Most of these requirements stipulate——-

A

Labels and placards

When labels and placards must be used

195
Q

Labels are applied to ——-and placards are normally affixed to——-

A

Non-bulk containers

transport vehicles

196
Q

Most label and placard requirements are based upon a materials–

A

Primary hazard class

197
Q

Usually the determination of any——— will require additional research using information sources such as an——-

A

Subsidiary hazards

MSDS

198
Q

The years of labels or placard’s are prohibited unless the label or placard —-

A

Actually represents a hazard of the hazardous material being transported

199
Q

The use of a four digit identification number on a ——-Placard is prohibited

A

Radioactive

200
Q

(If Four digit identification number required to be displayed along with a placard did during transportation of a radio active hazardous material)
Typically accomplished by displaying 4 digit on:

A

Orange rectangular panel
or
white square on point configuration

201
Q

There are also exceptions to the use of labels and placards based upon:

A

Type of material
&
amount being shit

202
Q

There is an allowance for ———-meaning that placards can be used even though an ———may exist

A

Permissive placarding

EXCEPTION

203
Q

First responders should remember that any exception constitutes a–

A

Potential danger

204
Q

Labels and placards are used only during the transportation of a—

A

REGULATED hazardous material

205
Q

Labels and placards are not required by federal transportation regulations for use when ——–or on transport vehicles used as———–

A

Transporting nonregulated materials

on site storage containers (such as a construction site)

206
Q

Labels and placards are generally not required for use at ———-on
———or———

A

Fixed facilities

Storage tanks or buildings

207
Q

Transportation of non-bulk containers is usually accomplished through the use of

A

Box trucks or flatbed trucks

208
Q

Once individual non-bulk containers are loaded onto a transport vehicle of this type (box truck or flatbed truck) the decision to display placards is based on——–

A

Tables 1 and 2 found in 49 CFR 172.504 (e)

209
Q

Hazard classes from table 1 includes certain types of —–materials that are ——and various types of——

A

Organic peroxides

poisonous inhalation hazards

radioactive materials

210
Q

———For materials from——–must be affixed to the transport vehicle whenever that vehicle contains any amount of these materials regardless of weight

A

Placards

table 1

211
Q

Explosives 1.1
Explosives 1.2
Explosives 1.3

A

Table 1

212
Q

Explosives 1.4
explosives 1.5
explosives 1.6

A

Table 2

213
Q

2.3 poisonous gas

A

Table 1

214
Q

4.3 dangerous when wet

A

Table 1

215
Q

5.2 (Organic peroxide, type B, liquid or solid, temperature controlled)

organic peroxide

A

Table 1

216
Q

6.2 (material poisonous by inhalation)

Poisonous inhalation hazard

A

Table 1

217
Q

7 (radioactive YELLOW III LABEL ONLY)

radioactive

A

Table 1

218
Q

2.1

Flammable gas

A

Table 2

219
Q

2.2

nonflammable gas

A

Table 2

220
Q

3 flammable

A

Table 2

221
Q

Combustible liquid

Combustible

A

Table

2

222
Q

4.1

Flammable solid

A

Table 2

223
Q

4.2

Spontaneously combustible

A

Table 2

224
Q

5.1 oxidizer

A

Table 2

225
Q

5.2 (OTHER THAN organic peroxide, type B, liquid or solid, temperature controlled)

Organic peroxide

A

Table 2

226
Q

6.1 (OTHER THAN materials hazardous by inhalation)

Poison

A

Table 2

227
Q

6.2 (none)

A

Table 2

228
Q

8 corrosive

A

Table 2

229
Q

9

class 9

A

Table 2

230
Q

ORM-D (none)

A

Table 2

231
Q

Shipments of other classes (not table 1) of hazardous materials are exempt from placarding requirements if the ———-of hazardous materials is less than——pounds

A

Aggregate gross weight

1001

232
Q

Aggregate gross weight includes the way of

A

A package and the weight of its contents

233
Q

Once hazardous materials are no longer loaded on vehicles transporting———- the placards must be removed

A

Individual non-bulk containers

234
Q

Most placards used with individual shipments on box trucks and flatbed trucks display the——

A

Name of the hazard class

235
Q

Most placards used with individual shipments on box trucks and flatbed trucks display the name of the hazard class. however there are certain situations when material shipped in——-may instead require that the transport transport vehicle be——-

A

Large packages or a large quantity of small packages

marked with the materials four digit identification number

236
Q

Large individual containers AKA intermediate bulk container
- rigid OR flexible
-(other than cylinder or portable tank)
- several hundred gallons
-designed for mechanical handling (ex:forklift)
WHEN TRANSPORTED WOULD GENERALLY REQUIRE—-

A

The products identification number to be displayed on the vehicle

237
Q 
Transport vehicle
-large quantity (>8820 lbs) 
- single material 
- non bulk containers 
Ex
-regulated hazmat
-numerous 55 gal drums
-aggregate gross weight 10000
A

May be marked w 4 digit.

Specific requirements for THIS TYPE have several provisions and limitations

May not see 4 digit

238
Q

4 Digit identification number can (not on placard) also be displayed on an

A

Orange rectangular panel NEAR the placard

Or

White square on point configuration

239
Q

Bulk containers that involve CARGO TANKS such as those intended to transport liquids or compressed gases, are subject to placarding requirements –______to those for vehicles that transport non-bulk containers

A

SIMILAR

-no exemption for weight (table 1 and 2 not for bulk cargo tanks)

240
Q

Placards usually cannot be removed from a——— until it is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged of vapors to remove any potential hazard

A

Cargo tanks

241
Q

——Are normally REQUIRED to display the four digit identification number ALONG WITH the appropriate hazard class REGARDLESS OF THE MATERIAL BEING SHIPPED

A

Cargo tanks

242
Q

IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS are not required on the——– having——–compartment if hazardous materials having DIFFERENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS are being transported

A

ENDS of CARGO TANKS

> 1

Identification numbers on the sides of the tank displayed in the same sequence as the compartments containing the materials they identify

243
Q

CARGO TANKS- MULTIPLE compartments containing different LIQUID PETROLEUM DISTILLATE FUELS (such as gasoline and gasohol)

A

The IDENTIFICATION NUMBER for the distillate having the LOWEST FLASH POINT (more dangerous) maybe displayed instead of the individual number for each material

244
Q

One exception to PLACARDING requirements affects shipments of ——— with ———–categories of hazardous materials found in TABLE 2.

A

Nonbulk CONTAINERS

2 OR MORE

Options-Use both placards
Exemption allows the use of a DANGEROUS placard in lieu of the individual placards

245
Q

Remember table 1 and 2 are for PLACARDS

A

Bsnsn

246
Q

Indicates a mixed load of materials from table 2

A

DANGEROUS placard

247
Q

Vans or flatbed truck displays a placard
(permissive placarding)

there COULD BE—

A

Any amount of material from table 2

Remember** they HAVE to display it if they have any amount from table 1

248
Q

Van/box truck- usually require name of hazard CLASS

If—then requires 4 digit

A

Large package
IBC-several hundred gallons each

Large quantity of small packages
>8820 lbs

249
Q

Van/ box truck - no placard:

A

Doesn’t meets transport regs definition of hazmat

Table 2 <1001

Vehicle empty

250
Q

Cargo tank- with 4 digit displayed

A

May be difficult initially to determine quantity of material.

(Can’t take the placard off until cleaned/purged)

251
Q

Wrong information is worse than the lack of information

A

And did skin

252
Q

Ex: placard not displayed when required

A

Avoid unwanted attention

Misunderstanding of requirements

Damaged/stolen/vandalized

Shippers underestimate weight
(Can occur whenever they estimate weight, can intentionally underestimate-reduce shipping costs)

253
Q

Placards-displayed when prohibited

Ex:

A

VANDALISM

misunderstanding

Failure to remove (van/flatbed after unloading)

Scare away thieves

254
Q

Documents that can be used by first responders to learn about materials that may be loaded aboard a TRANSPORT VEHICLE

A

Shipping papers

255
Q

Shipping papers for items REGULATED by the FTR as hazardous materials will include–

A

Very specific types of information

256
Q

Unregulated materials

A

May not have any document

Or may limited

257
Q

Shipping papers-regulated-usually have for EACH item:

shipping papers will also include:

A
  • proper shipping name
  • hazard class AND 4 digit
  • total quantity
  • number and types of packages
  • PACKING GROUP
  • emergency response #(prob most important**shipper provides the #)

Shipper (origin)
Consignee (designation)

258
Q

If Regulated and non regulated shipped together- on shipping paper- HM listed in a way to

A

Get the readers attention

  • listed first
  • color that contrasts (highlighted)
  • X in “HM”column BEFORE Proper shipping name
259
Q

During a highway transportation incident how can first responders use shipping papers to IDENTIFY materials WHILE ASSESSING potential hazards?

A

1) see if and of the SP are for shipments already delivered. Likely have RECEIVING SIGNATURE.
2) determine if any are hazardous materials

260
Q

Refuse shipments are usually indicated on the shipping paper as

A

Exceptions with handwritten notations

261
Q

SHIPPING PAPERS that contain hazardous materials entries may be FLAGGED with an

A

Attached tag

262
Q

Shipping papers-regulated hazmats-will have prop ship name, 4 digit, and haz class. With this you can quickly research EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION w—

A

ERG or hazardous materials guide for first responders

263
Q

When reading shipping papers first responders should pay attention to—-

A

The packing group

264
Q

Packing group I, II, III=

A

DEGREE OF DANGER

great I, medium II, minor III

265
Q

NOT all HAZARDOUS MATERIALS entires will include reference to a

A

Packing group

266
Q

(Shipping papers)
Can be helpful in attempting to ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE of the incident and how first responders can expect the CONTAINERS TO REACT-

A

Type and number of containers

267
Q

Hazardous materials become a problem only when

A
  • released from container

- containers are stressed with the potential for release

268
Q

A shipping paper indicating “compressed gas cylinders” can signal danger if–

A

The transport vehicle is on fire

269
Q

This assessment does not take into account the subsequent effects of fire or water on these containers

A

Shipping papers-type and number of containers

270
Q

Probably some of the most important information contained on shipping papers is an

A

Emergency response telephone number

271
Q

Emergency response telephone number must be provided by the person who

A

THE SHIPPER

offers a regulated hazardous material for shipment

272
Q

Emergency response telephone #

Must be monitored

A

In transportation

Including storage incidental to shipping

273
Q

Emergency response telephone #

For someone who is

A

Knowledgeable about material AND has
-emergency response/incident mitigation info

OR

immediate access to someone who does

274
Q

——MUST be available. MSDS option not mandatory

——-such as an ERG can be used

A

Emergency response info

Emergency response guidance document

275
Q

Shipping papers relative to position of the shipment
Paper top of stack=rear
Bottom of stack =nose of vehicle

A

May apply in some circumstances there is no way to be sure first responders that this will always be the case

276
Q

Despite the first responders ability to use shipping papers to his advantage he must remember that he must

A

FIRST GET THE SHIPPING PAPERS

277
Q

Shipping papers are usually carried in

A

The vehicle with the driver

278
Q

Shipping papers

best scenario

A

The driver presents the first responder with ALL of the shipping papers

Should not count on this

279
Q

Usually indicated on shipping papers as exceptions with handwritten notations

A

Refused shipments

280
Q

Very real biohazard threat

A

Shipping papers contain blood stains

281
Q

Shipping papers contain blood stains

seal them in

A

CLEAR PLASTIC BAG

Avoid touching anybody fluids on the shipping papers

282
Q

If first responders cannot safely approach a vehicle to get the shipping papers he may be able to

A

CONTACT SOMEONE who can provide him with a DUPLICATE SET of shipping papers

Or contact person can tell what was loaded on the vehicle

283
Q

If a———–and the————-,the TRANSPORT VEHICLE may sometimes be marked with the telephone number of the MOTOR CARRIER

A

Trailer is disconnected from its tractor

trailer contain certain types of REGULATED hazardous materials

284
Q

If a trailer is disconnected from its tractor, and the trailer contains certain types of REGULATED hazardous materials, the———– may sometimes be marked with the telephone number of the——

Alternatively the shipping papers may sometimes be——

A

Transport vehicle

motor carrier

Readily available on these vehicles

285
Q

Additional highway transportation hazards

Besides hazmats on commercial vehicles

A
  • potential for fire
  • downed power lines (hit pole)
  • LARGE truck TIRE-potential explosion hazard-ESPECIALLY during fires
  • commercial vehicle-down embankment or highway median
286
Q

Commercial vehicle-down roadside embankment or in highway medians- can be upright, on side, overturned.

Regardless of the vehicles position ——–should always be suspect especially since—-

A

Stability

any loaded materials may have shifted

287
Q

Commercial vehicle-down roadside embankment or in highway medians- can be upright, on side, overturned.
Regardless of the vehicles position stability should always be suspect especially since any loaded materials may have shifted.
this hazard is especially important during incidents that involve—

A

FLAT BED TRUCKS Since these loads are often secured with nothing more than STRAPS or CHAINS that could have been damaged

288
Q

Labels=

A

Non bulk

Drums cartons crates pails compressed gas cylinders

289
Q

Placards=

A

Transport vehicles

Front rear both sides

Vans cargo tanks straight body trucks semi trailers

290
Q

Determination of the background color, hazard class number, and symbol used on ————-is usually dependent upon the ——-of a material

A

Labels and placards

PRIMARY hazard class

291
Q

certain hazard classes are exempt from——– if the aggregate gross weight of the material shipped in——– is less than 1001 lbs

A

Placarding requirements

non-bulk containers

292
Q

———-Are normally required to display the four digit identification number along with the appropriate hazard class placard

A

Cargo tanks

293
Q

There could be a display of a four digit identification number either in the center of a placard (in lieu of the hazard class name) OR on Orange panels on a VAN or FLATBED this could indicate the presence of materials——

A

Shipped in

  • intermediate bulk containers or
  • large number of non-bulk
294
Q

——–Maybe used instead of individual placards for a mixed load of hazardous materials found in table 2 of the Federal transportation regulations

A

A DANGEROUS placard

295
Q

A DANGEROUS Placard maybe used instead of individual placard’s for a ——–found in———-of the federal transportation regulations

A

Mixed load of hazardous materials

table 2

296
Q

A packing group number can provide a relative assessment of———posed by a hazardous material.——— are the most dangerous

A

The danger

Packing Group I

297
Q

First responder should always remember that there is no such thing as a ———especially when dealing with—–

A

Routine incident

hazardous materials

298
Q

Some hazardous materials incidents are catastrophic events from the very beginning, most BEGIN as————–and only escalate when——-

A

Seemingly routine events

something goes terribly wrong

299
Q

SPILLS from ———-are common especially during——months

A

Home heating oil tanks

winter

300
Q

——From home heating oil tanks are common especially during winter months

A

Spills

301
Q

During any incident that involves HOME HEATING OIL spilled INSIDE of a residence or even a CRAWLSPACE underneath the residence, first responders should give careful consideration to any decision that——-

A

Allows residents to remain inside

302
Q

Contact local health officials, representatives from environmental agencies, local codes and compliance officials, perhaps even the fire marshal

A

Spills from home heating oil tanks

303
Q

Spills from home heating oil tanks

for spills that occur outdoors first responders should remember that cleanup related to this type of spill will likely require—-

A

Removal of several inches of soil

304
Q

Spills from home heating oil tanks

——–should be responsible for DETERMINING THE EXTENT of cleanup required

A

Representatives from regulatory agencies

305
Q

Any delay in cleanup may allow the product to soak into surrounding soil and possibly affected drinking water Wells and septic systems

A

Home hearing oil

306
Q

Spills of HEATING OIL OUTDOORS may migrate from the affected area in the event of—–

A

Rain

307
Q

(Heating oil) indoor spills can—-

When this occurs first responders must determine if these drains are connected to local ——-or perhaps nearby—-

A

Enter floor drains

Sewer systems
Septic tanks

308
Q

Spills from home heating oil tanks

the role of first responders during these types of incidents should be to–

A
  • Ensure safety of potentially exposed

- contain the spread

309
Q

Bills from home heating oil tanks

Contact representatives of LOCAL AND STATE AGENCIES with the financial resources and legal authority to ensure the situations are——

A

Managed correctly

310
Q

During situations dealing with the GENERAL PUBLIC first responders using ———should always remember that any numerical values related to———for CARBON MONOXIDE will not apply

That’s decisions to allow reentry to——–based upon these levels may present the first responder with—

A

Atmospheric monitors

occupational exposure levels

Homes

potential legal challenges

311
Q

(CO)
First responders using ———-will always need to consider whether their efforts to use these instruments while evaluating affected areas were appropriate in order to allow them to obtain —-

A

Atmospheric monitors accurate

Accurate readings

312
Q

Source for DEVELOPING PROCEDURES for managing these types of incidents (CO)

A

“Responding to residential carbon monoxide incidents -guidelines for fire other emergency response personnel”

  • techniques for using HANDHELD CO detectors
  • acceptable exposure levels
  • checklist
  • form for advise
  • US Consumer Product Safety Commission website
313
Q

Fuming trash trucks or trash containers, or those with the detectable chemical odors or visible plumes of smoke are usually opportunities for first responders to—

A

Exceed their level of training

314
Q

Most of these incidents involve the disposal of household hazardous materials that react when mixed with other items or when rainwater enters the container

A

Fuming trash containers and trash collection trucks

315
Q

Incidents involving—— can occur at transfer stations and fixed facilities

A

Trash bins

316
Q

Most containers such as these are labeled with signs prohibiting the disposal of hazardous materials

A

Roll off containers with open tops

317
Q

If called to a scene that involves a ————first responders should remember that a company not only owns the trash truck or trashbin they also own the problem

A

FUMING or LEAKING trash container

318
Q

Do not dig through —- trash bin

A

FUMING

319
Q

FUMING trash truck/bin-treat like—-

THEN—-

A

Any other involving hazardous materials including step to isolate and deny entry

Notify company— inform them that they have a problem

320
Q

Fuming trash bin/truck

Preferred response—

A

Not include any remediation activities performed by first responders

321
Q

Suspicious odors and buildings

besides presenting a potential——–suspicious odors could originate from hazardous materials that are potentially—–

A

Health hazard

Flammable

322
Q

Suspicious odors and buildings

as always first responder should

A
  • ASSESS the scene
  • EVACUATE affected buildings
  • ACCOUNT for all personnel
  • TREAT anyone who may be SYMPTOMATIC
323
Q

Suspicious odors in buildings

some individuals may have evidence of——– and require decontamination prior to receiving medical care

A

Chemical contamination

324
Q

First responders should anticipate that any response to————- at a———-can quickly escalate into a mass casualty incident

A

Investigate a suspicious odor

Large building

325
Q

First responders should anticipate that any response to investigate a suspicious odor in a large building can quickly escalate into a—-

A

Mass casualty incident

326
Q

(CO)
in addition to securing the scene and providing medical care first responders should attempt to——that may be the source of the odor. Only do so if it can be done safely

A

CONTROL an ONGOING release of a suspected hazardous material

327
Q

In addition to securing the scene and providing for medical care first responders should attempt to control any ONGOING release of a suspected hazardous material that may be the source of the odor. Only do so if it can be done safely

A

CO

328
Q

Control ongoing release-CO

this action most often involves control of—

A

NATURAL GAS or PROPANE supplies
To the building
At the metering device

329
Q

Natural gas or propane emergencies may also require–

A

Control of ignition sources

330
Q

—-Emergencies may also require the control of ignition sources

A

Natural gas or propane

331
Q

(CO)

In order to DETERMINE THE SOURCE of an odor in a building first responders are encouraged to first—

A

Speak with

  • occupants
  • building owners
  • those responsible for maintenance
332
Q

(Co)

First responder should request to know if any activities had taken place recently that involve—-

A

the use of chemicals

  • plumbing repairs
  • floor finishing
  • painting
  • pest control
333
Q

A few simple questions posed to owners occupants and maintenance personnel outside of the building could——– without having exposed personnel to a potentially dangerous environment inside

A

Likely yield the source of the odor

334
Q

For first responders the decision to act defensively during a fire and allow the fuel to burn away rather than attempt to extinguish it may be reached only because—-

Yet during certain ——-involving hazardous materials this may be the best approach when it comes to—-

A

Water is unavailable

Fire situations

long-term outcomes

335
Q
  • Fertilizers
  • pesticides
  • tire piles
  • spills of FLAMMABLE liquids that occur at fixed facilities or during–transportation accidents

Maybe best approach to:

A

Let fuel load burn away

336
Q

First responders to remember that water or foam application present the threat of a potential—

A

Reaction with some hazardous materials

Runoff

337
Q

—-Usually produce less runoff if any

A

Materials consume by fire

338
Q

Materials consumed by fire usually—-

A

Produce less runoff if any

339
Q

The elimination of water application from fire streams may allow for a ————with fewer airborne hazards and less cleanup of hazardous waste

A

Hotter and thus more complete combustion

340
Q

While it is impossible to suggest a defensive FIRE ATTACK strategy for all occasions first responders should at least consider this option and RELY ON—–

A

Consultation with others

341
Q

When deciding on a defensive strategy for FIRES involving hazardous materials the presence of ——–must be a consideration along with the anticipated impact of any——–

A

Nearby exposures

smoke plumes

342
Q

for EXPOSURES that involve wooded areas ————–maybe one way to limit the spread of fire

A

Cutting a Fireline with a tractor

343
Q

Any decision to allow a fire to burn can have ——–especially if the fire requires——- to extinguish

A

Political implications

several days

Therefore first responders should inform government officials and the public of their efforts

344
Q

Nothing will get a first responders attention more or change the scope of an incident as quickly as will learning that—-

A

SOMEONE has been contaminated with a hazardous material

“Speed things up”
Presents FRs w urge to respond based upon raw emotion

345
Q

Regardless of the material the best course of action for anyone contaminated by hazardous material is to be

A

Moved away from the source of contamination

346
Q

Most exposures are the result of ————and putting distance between the product and people like we reduces those—-

A

Skin contact or inhalation levels of exposure

347
Q

Most exposures are the result of skin contact or inhalation and ————-likely reduces those levels of exposure

A

Putting distance between the product and people

348
Q

Contaminated patients

the safest scenario is when victims can move away from the source of the contamination without—-

A

Physical assistance

349
Q

Contaminated patients

the safest scenario is when victims can———without physical assistance

A

Move away from the source of contamination

350
Q

During ——the likelihood is that anyone exposed to hazardous material will be brought to safety by their coworkers

A

Industrial accidents

351
Q

First responders may need to encourage contaminated individuals in a dangerous area to—-

A

Retreat to safety by providing voice directions

352
Q

Contaminated patients

First responder should always resist the urge to–

A

Rush in to attempt a rescue

353
Q

—–Should decide how far away any expose victims need to be from—-

A

First responders

the source

354
Q

Any first responder considering rescue of a victim with suspected hazardous material contamination must determine if—-

A

Their attempts at rescue will expose them to contamination

355
Q

When ———-first responders must always acknowledge the potential for serious injury or death to themselves and any others they may contact

A

CONDUCTING A RESCUE during a hazardous materials incident

356
Q

When conducting a rescue during a hazardous materials incident the first responder must always acknowledge the potential for

A

Serious injury or death to themselves and any others they may CONTACT

357
Q

When deciding whether to ENTER a contaminated area for RESCUE first responders can refer to ——for assistance

A

The ERG

358
Q

ERG 2004 states each ——-includes a statement about the use of structural firefighters protective clothing (SFPC)

A

Guide (orange bordered page)

359
Q

Each guide (orange bordered page) includes a statement about the use of——– in incidents involving those materials referenced by that guide

A

SFPC

Some say

  • limited protection
  • SFPC and SCBA- expedient(quick in and out) such as for an immediate rescue
360
Q

Hazardous materials guide for first responders

several specific material guides include the statement

A

Do not put yourself in danger by entering a contaminated area to rescue a victim

361
Q

Anyone with known or suspected contamination by a hazardous material must be subject to ——especially before—-

A

Decontamination

any level of medical care

362
Q

The hazardous materials Guide for first responders states that removal of hazardous materials from ——–is usually the most important FIRST AID ACTION that can be initiated

A

the skin eyes or clothing of a victim (decontamination)

363
Q

The hazardous materials guide for first responders states that in general using ———–is almost always the first choice for decontamination in the field

A

LARGE quantities of water to rinse off materials

364
Q

The hazardous materials guide for first responder states that some materials are so toxic that ———–because of the risk of serious injury to the responder

A

FIRST AID should not be performed on contaminated victims

365
Q

Before ever attending a RESUE during a hazardous materials incident first responders should always ensure that a ——-is available and located in a safe area before—-

A

RELIABLE WATER SUPPLY for GROSS decontamination

Making entry

366
Q

When using —–for victim decontamination first responder should attempt to construct a means to ——-but ONLY IF——

A

Water

Contain runoff water

time allows

367
Q

When using Water for victim decontamination first responder should attempt to construct a means to contain water runoff but only if time allows. if not then whenever possible these operations should avoid—–and should instead be conducted on—

A

Paved surfaces

porous surfaces

368
Q

For some materials the ERG2004 states removal of ——–from skin requires medical assistance

A

Solidified molten material

369
Q

For some materials the ERG 2004 states that removal of solidified molten material from skin requires—-

A

Medical assistance

370
Q

For some materials the ERG 2004 states removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance or in case of CONTACT with substance—— from skin immediately then —–skin or eyes with RUNNING water for—

A

Wipe
Flush
At least 20 minutes

371
Q

First responders are encouraged to obtain advice from information sources such as the ERG, the hazardous materials guide for first responders, applicable MSDS, and perhaps even poison control centers to determine appropriate methods for——– following——

A

Decontamination and patient care

chemical contamination

372
Q

THOROUGH decontamination requires—

A

Removal of clothing

These items should be ISOLATED

373
Q

—–Should be instructed to remove contaminated clothing but first responder should have some means to cover these individuals such as—

A

Ambulatory victims

disposable coveralls or bed linen from an ambulance

374
Q

Anyone administering medical care including prehospital hospital providers should be made aware that the patient ——along with the—-

A

Had been previously contaminated

name of the materials involved

375
Q

—-Should accompany any patients transported to medical facilities

A

Copies of MSDS

376
Q

Situations involving ———are extremely rare but when they do occur they present first responders with technical and moral decisions

A

Rescue and decontamination

377
Q

Situations involving rescue and victim decontamination are extremely rare but when they do occur they present first responders with both—-

A

Technical and moral decisions

Use HEAD and HEART

378
Q

besides the potential for a fire hazard,——– produced by spills of home heating oil can have———on the occupants of the building where spill has occurred

A

Vapors

varying health effects

379
Q

Delays in cleaning up a spill of home heating oil may allow the product to soak into the surrounding soil and possibly affect—

A

Drinking Wells and septic systems

380
Q

First responder should not use ——related to occupational exposure levels for carbon monoxide when dealing with citizens in residential occupancies

A

Numerical values

381
Q

Responding to residential carbon monoxide incidents guidelines for fire and other emergency response personnel was published in

A

November 2003 by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission

382
Q

In order to ——–first responders are encouraged to first speak with occupants building owners and those responsible for maintenance

A

Determine the source of an odor in a building

383
Q

When ———the presence of nearby exposure’s must be a consideration

A

Deciding on a defensive strategy for fires involving hazardous materials

384
Q

Any first responder considering rescue of victim from hazardous materials contamination must determine whether the attempt is a–

A

Rescue or body recovery

385
Q

Specialty foams can be used to suppress vapors from spills of certain CHEMICALS such as–

A

Corrosive liquids

386
Q

Specialty foams are normally used only by ——who have the training to apply them safely and efficiently

A

Members of hazmat teams

387
Q

—-Is a material that allows water to be used on fires that would otherwise not respond well to water application

A

Class B

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

388
Q

To use foam, a foam concentrate is first—

A

Mixed with water to create a foam solution

389
Q

to use foam, a foam concentrate is first mixed with water to create a foam solution. this solution is then—— to produce a—–

A

Mixed with air or ASPIRATED

lightweight foam with air bubbles

390
Q

The solution is then mixed with air or aspirated to produce a lightweight foam with air bubbles. these BUBBLES allow the foam to—-

A

Form a blanket on the surface of flammable liquids

BUBBLES=BLANKET

391
Q

Flammable liquids themselves do not burn but rather the vapors produced on the surface of the liquid Burn once the liquid reaches it’s—-

A

Flash point

392
Q

Gasoline flashpoint

A

-45 degrees F

393
Q

With the material such as gasoline which has a flashpoint of approximately -45°F ——– almost any time this material is——-

A

Vapors are produced

Handled

394
Q

All that is usually needed for a fire to occur once gasoline is—— is an—-

A

Released from its container

ignition source

395
Q

———-May originate not only from the temperature of the ambient (outside) air but also from hot surfaces

A

Heat that can generate vapor production

396
Q

Heat that can generate vapor production may originate not only from the temperature of the ambient outside air but also from—-

A

Hot surfaces

397
Q

Diesel fuel has a relatively high flashpoint usually–

A

ABOVE 100 degrees

398
Q

Class B foam works on the surface of a burning flammable liquid in several ways:

A
  • smother-eliminate oxygen
  • separate flames/fuel
  • cover the surface-suppress vapor production
  • cool surrounding surface-decrease vapor production

SSCC

399
Q

An advantage of using foam as opposed to dry chemicals is that once a fire is burning the—

A

Surrounding surfaces increase

400
Q

If extinguished using dry chemical extinguishers there may still be sufficient retained heat nearby to keep the temperature of the liquid fuel—–

This heat can cause fuel vapors to—

A

Above it’s flashpoint

Reignite without an outside ignition source

401
Q

Foam will ——-from flammable liquid spills that have yet to ignite

A

Suppress vapor production

402
Q

Two major categories of FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS:

A

Polar solvents

nonpolar solvents

403
Q

Flammable liquid

polar solvent

A

Will mix with water

Ex: alcohol

404
Q

Flammable liquid

nonpolar solvent

A

Will not make Mix with water

Ex: hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and diesel

405
Q

The problem for first responders is that using certain types of foam on——— will allow this material to mix with the water that is used to produce the phone this can result in—-

A

Polar solvents

Destruction of the foam blanket

406
Q

ERG-Foam for polar solvents

A

Alcohol resistant

407
Q

ERG-Foam for nonpolar solvents

A

Regular foam

408
Q

Consist of products from a protein hydrolysate

A

Protein and Flouroprotein foams

409
Q

Produce relatively thick foam blankets

A

Protien and Flouroprotein foam

410
Q

Produces thinner more fluid blanket

A

AFFF

411
Q

Allows for a quick knockdown of a fire as the foam spreads more rapidly across the burning fuel surface

A

AFFF

-quick knockdown

412
Q

Not as effective in preventing reignition as thicker protein and Fluoroprotein foams

A

AFFF

413
Q

Foam for suppression of flammable liquid spill fires is usually referred to as—-

A

Low expansion foam

414
Q

Foam for suppression of ———–it is usually referred to as low expansion foam

A

Flammable liquid spill fires

415
Q

Low expansion foam is expanded with LESS THAN a foam solution volume ratio of ——-after being mixed with air

A

20:1

416
Q

Medium and high expansion foam expansion ratios

A

20:1 to 1000:1

Remember tactics- 400:1 to 1000:1

417
Q

High expensive foam can be used to fill burning voids spaces in buildings to——- class—–fires

A

Smother and cool

A

418
Q

Generally not intended for use outdoors on flammable liquid spill fires

A

High ex

419
Q

First responder should always check with the MANUFACTURER or SUPPLIER of any foam concentrate used by their department to learn information relative to——-

A

Specific EXPANSION ratios

and

appropriate applications

420
Q

Class B foam generally diluted/proportioned:

A

1% 3% 6%

Foam concentrate to water

421
Q

—–require less foam concentrate to produce equal amounts of foam solution

A

Lower DILUTION ratios

422
Q

The ——- any foam concentrate used is determined by the manufacture of the foam concentrate

A

DILUTION ratio

423
Q

Tricky

A

First responder should always remember to check with the manufacturer or supplier of any foam concentrate used by their department to learn information relative to specific EXPANSION ratios and appropriate application’s

The DILUTION ratio for any foam concentrate used is determined by the manufacturer of the foam concentrate

424
Q

Some —–products are referred to by their manufacturer as——– meaning that the foam can be used at either dilution ratio depending upon——

A

AFFF

3%/6%

Type of APPLICATION

425
Q

Manufacturer may recommend AFFF 3% for

6% for

A

Fires-nonpolar

Fires-polar

426
Q

The decision to use foam at higher CONCENTRATIONS than that recommended by the manufacturer may—

A

NOT reduce the TIME required for extinguishing a fire

427
Q

Foam concentrate can be stored using a—– when foam producing equipment is specified with apparatus or in portable plastic containers usually a 5 gallon capacity

A

Built in tank

428
Q

Large ——-containers containing —–gallons of concentrate can be used

A

Metal or plastic

Several hundred

429
Q

When purchasing foam concentrate it is important to check with the manufacturer in order to determine ——–including references to—-

A

Storage requirements

Storage temperature and shelf life

430
Q

The HANDHELD appliance most critical to production of foam is typically referred to as an—-

A

In-line eductor

431
Q

The discharge or male thread of an in-line eductor is normally ——–in diameter while the intake or female coupling may be in——- diameter depending upon the requirements of the user

A

1 1/2”

1 1/2” or 2 1/2”

432
Q

Two important points to remember when selecting the discharge outlet to which the in-line eductor will be attached

A

Siphon tube must reach bottom of container (on ground)

Someone must be available to switch the siphon tube(quick- normally pump operator)

433
Q

Discharge outlet to attach in-line eductor is probably best located in proximity to

A

Pump control panel

***Top mounted panel- 2 ppl

434
Q

—–Can result in a decreased concentration of foam solution at the nozzle

A

Delay in switching siphon tube

435
Q

Two characteristics of INLINE EDUCTORS are often overlooked

A

Minimum inlet pressure

Max length of hose

436
Q

The decision for maximum hose length takes into consideration ——so this length will be change based upon the—–

A

Friction loss

diameter of the hose

437
Q

Max length (some eductors) 1 3/4” hose

A

500-700 ft

438
Q

The nozzle not only provides an EFFECTIVE PATTERN but is also responsible for MIXING foam solution with air to produce the—-

A

Desired expansion

439
Q

In-line eductor

A

GPM Flow rating

metering valve

required inlet pressure

max hose length( depending on diameter of hose)

440
Q

Nozzle

A

GPM flow rating

Aerate and expand solution

441
Q

The hard part for most first responders is attaching the

A

Attack line to the inline eductor

442
Q

(Attach line to eductor)

problems occur here because most ——-used for foam applications are usually—–

A

1 1/2” and 1 3/4” hose

Pre-connected attack lines

443
Q

Most pre-connected lines are approximately ——in length

A

150 ft or 200 ft

444
Q

All hoses and appliances must be thoroughly flushed after each use this is especially important with—

A

Built in foam systems

445
Q

Determining the amount of foam needed is a function of

A

Minimum application rates

And

Dilution ratio

446
Q

——-Determines the rate at which the foam solution is applied to the surface of the flammable liquid usually measured in ——–of spill surface

A

Minimum application rate

GPM per sq ft

447
Q

Minimum application rates provide info regarding:

A

How much concentrate and water is needed

Minimum nozzle flow rate when applying solution

448
Q

Spill fire

A

Not contained in a dike with an average depth that DOES NOT EXCEED 1”

Bound only by contour of surface

449
Q

Minimum application rates for (not spill fire- fixed facility-tanks/dikes)should be determined by–

A

Preplanning

450
Q

Minimum APPLICATION rates are available from

A

NFPA 11 “low medium and high expansion foam”

451
Q

Tricky

A

***The dilution ratio of foam is determined by the manufacturer of the foam concentrate used

Minimum application rates are available from NFPA standard 11 low medium and high expansion foam *****these APPLICATION rates are dependent upon the type of foam used

452
Q

AFFF non-diked spill fires -recommended application rate is

A

0.1 GPM per sq ft

453
Q

Protien and Fluoroprotein foam

Minimum application rate

A

0.16 GPM per sq ft

454
Q

NFPA 11 recommends that first responders using some types of ———check with the manufacturer of these concentrates in order to determine correct APPLICATION rates

A

AR foam

455
Q

According to NFPA 11 first responders attending to extinguish a——-should be prepared for a minimum discharge time of—

A

Spill fire

15 minutes

456
Q

It is beneficial to calculate the requirements for FIREFIGHTING FOAM—–

A

Upon arrival at an incident

457
Q

First responder should also be capable of preplanning the maximum fire suppression capability of their——- before an incident occurs

A

Apparatus and foam equipment

458
Q

Each fire apparatus essentially operates as ——- with a defined limit to its capabilities for foam application

A

Self contained unit

459
Q

The critical point is to know whether or not to———- with available foam resources in hopes of being able to extinguish a SPILL FIRE involving—–

A

Initiate a quick attack

Flammable liquids

460
Q

Any attempts by first responders to extinguish a flammable liquid spill fire could——- either in terms of—–

A

Exceed their capabilities

water
foam concentrate
application rate

461
Q

The key to foam Preplanning

A

Knowing when to delay fire attack

462
Q

Knowing when to delay fire attack is the–

A

Key to foam preplanning

463
Q

Knowing when to—–is the key to foam preplanning

A

Delay fire attack

464
Q

ESTIMATE the Maximum size spill fire that could likely be extinguished is based upon:

A
  • type of foam
  • amount of foam
  • amount of water in booster tank
  • flow rate of nozzle
465
Q

PREPLAN foam ffing capabilities. Need to know:

A

1) dilution ratio-(manufacturer)
2) application rate-(NFPA 11)
3) capacity of water tank
4) amount of foam on apparatus

466
Q

All ——must provide for a minimum discharge time of 15 minutes

A

Foam solutions

467
Q

330 ft= —- in diameter. About the size of a —

A

20 ft

Average 2 car garage

468
Q

Spill fire larger than you can handle

A

Protect exposures while waiting for additional resources

469
Q

Increasing the foam APPLICATION rate above the minimum recommended by NFPA 11 will NOT allow first responders to extinguish a LARGER fire but it can——

A

Reduce the TIME required to achieve control and extinguish the fire

470
Q

Increasing dilution ratio will usually

A

NOT decrease this time but rather will waste foam concentration

471
Q

Preplan calculations
500 gal tank=
1000 gal tank=

A

333 sq ft

666 sq ft

472
Q

Most first responders attending to extinguish a flammable liquid spill fire with a hoseline will achieve satisfactory results by aiming the nozzle to—-

They will then attempt to ——the foam onto the surface of the fire

A

Just in front of the leading edge of the fire

“Roll” or “push”

473
Q

The stream from a foam nozzle should NEVER be

A

Directed into a BURNING fuel

474
Q

First responders should be prepared to direct the nozzle AWAY FROM the spill fire in the event that they no longer

A

SEE FOAM being discharged from the nozzle

475
Q

Once ———the INTEGRITY of the blanket must be maintained since it may BREAKDOWN over time as——-

A

A fire is EXTINGUISHED

Water DRAINS from the foam solution

(May also occur on spill when suppressing vapors/ignition)

476
Q

——–Will likely require additional foam concentrate and water at the scene for an extended period of time

A

Maintenance of a foam blanket

477
Q

To ensure the effectiveness of any FOAM BLANKET it is vital that first responders refrain from————— a foam blanket once it is in place

A

Walking through or otherwise disturbing

478
Q

Atmospheric monitors should be used to detect the presence of flammable vapors that will likely indicate——

A

The need to reapply foam

479
Q

When dealing with a flammable liquid spill despite the presence of what appears to be an effective foam blanket along with acceptable readings from an atmospheric monitor ———–is a necessity

A

Elimination of ignition sources

No road flares
No lit tobacco

480
Q

Class B foam may be referred to as either—-

A

Regular or alcohol resistant

Remember 2 major categories of flammable liquids

  • polar
  • nonpolar
481
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS of class B foam concentrate include the

A

Percentages for which they are to be proportioned or diluted with water

Classifications=proportioned/diluted
Referred to as=regular or AR

482
Q

Any attempt by first responders to extinguish a fire that exceeds their capabilities may result in —-

A

Being unable to GAIN CONTROL of the fire

483
Q

Increasing the foam dilution rate will only increase the ——-of the concentrate while not decreasing the amount of time required to extinguish a spill fire

A

Consumption rate

484
Q

——Should be used to determine the effectiveness of foam blankets

A

Atmospheric monitors

485
Q

atmospheric monitor should be used to determine—

A

The effectiveness of foam blankets

Bc (5 decks)

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