Hazards Of Transfusion Wk5 Flashcards
Acute transfusion reactions (ATR)
Intravascular haemolysis of transfused red cells
Immediate fever chills back pain, haemoglobinuria renal failure death
Delayed transfusion reactions (DTR)
Extravascular haemolysis of transfused red cells
7-10 days post transfusion, severity varies, fever, decreased Hb, jaundice, urobilinogenuria, Inc patient morbidity
Acute transfusion reactions : Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction
Reaction to plasma proteins/WBC in transfused products (all)
1-2% transfusion
Common in multi-tax / multiparous
Fevers 1.5C rise/Rigors during transfusion
Clinically benign
Acute transfusion reactions : reaction to allergens in transfused products (all)
Due to IgE antibodies in recipient to antigen in donation-mild to severe reactions
Urticaria, shortness of breath
Swelling, itching
Can lead to anaphylaxis
Ida deficiency in recipient
IgA intibodies to IgA in donation: anaphylaxis
Transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) . HIV, HEP B C E
Transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI)
Eutrophic sequestration and/or activation due to WBC antibodies/bioactive substances in transfused products (commonly FFP/plts)
Pulmonary capillary leakage
Pulmonary oedema
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Transfusion-associated cardiac overload (TACO) and transfusion associated dyspnoea (TAD)
Volume overload : all products
TACO: cough, hypertension, tachycardia, acute LVF
TAD: respiratory distress no other symptoms
Transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease (TA-GvHD)
WBC in donation proliferate and attack recipient cells (red cells/plys)
Occurs in immunosupressed patient
Fever
Skin rash
Give IRRADIALATED products
Post transfusion purpura (PTP)
Recipient HPA antibodies made post transfusion (red cells/platlets)
Rapid destruction of transfused + own platelets
Monitoring hazards of transfusion
National surveillance programs
