Hazardous Materials for First Responders Flashcards
Substances that possess harmful characteristics are called
Hazardous Materials in the United States.
Dangerous goods in Canada and other counties.
What is the name to cause to become less harsh or hostile
Mitigate
NFPA 1072
Standard for hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction emergency response personnel professional qualifications
NFPA 472
Standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents
NFPA 473
Standard for competencies for EMS personnel responding to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents
Hazmat acronym incident model
APIE
Analyze, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
Awareness Personnel are not responsible
Planning the response to a hazmat incident
Condition substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss, the source of the risk.
Hazard
Short term effect that appeared within hours or days, such as vomiting or diarrhea
Acute health effects
Long term effects that may take years to appear, such as cancer
Chronic health effects
Effects can possibly take years from exposure to chemicals, agent , or substance this delay is called
Latency period
Was first used in the US in the early 1900s to insulate steam engines
Asbestos
Us government began regulating Asbestos in the
1920s
Pathways by which Hazardous Materials get into or effect the human Body
Routes of Entry
Routes of exposure
Most common exposure Route
Inhalation
Areas where human skin is the thinnest
Eyes, nose, mouth, wrist, neck, ears, hands, groin, and underarms
Primary routes by which hazardous substances enter the body?
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Injection
Tolvene
Solvent
Three mechanism of harm
Energy
Release
Corrosivity
Toxicity
The Acronym to categorize the types of harm caused by hazardous Materials
(TRACEM) Thermal hazard Radiological hazard Asphyxiation hazards Chemical hazards Etiological/ biological hazards Mechanical hazards
This type of hazmat incident presents the greatest threat
Energy Release
What are the six types of Energy Release
Heat Mechanical Pressure Electricity Chemical Radiation
Four main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials and: or wastes the federal level are
Department of Transportation
Environment Protection Agency
Department of Labor
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Many hazardous materials incidents occur while
Are being Transported “Highway”
How long today’s flammable gas railcars thermally protected against exposure to a 1600 F fire
100minutes
What is released when a hazardous materials undergo chemical reaction
Chemical energy
To meet criteria for bulk packaging one of the following must be met
- Maximum Capacity >119 gallons for liquid
- Max net mass >882lbs or max>119 gallons as for solids
- Water capacity is 1001lbs or greater as a receptacle for gas.
Examples of non bulk packaging.
Drums, boxes, carboys, and bags
Packages with an outer packaging and an inner receptacle
Composite packages
Multiple packages grouped together in a single outer container
Combination packages
Liquid reaches its boiling point vapor fills container raising the pressure beyond containable limits
Bleve Process
Opening that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer
Manway
Gas that is converted into a liquid by being cooled below -130 F
Cryogenic
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or imitate combination or combustible materials
Oxidizer
Cryogenic contents
Liquid oxygen Nitrogen Helium Hydrogen Argon Liquified natural gas
Common liquid containers
Bottles Gasoline containers Paint Pails Drums
Which comprises the largest class by volume in the industry
Corrosives
An Agency that overseas the natural nuclear security administration
Department of Energy
Name Hazardous Solids
Dust
Powders
Small particles
Boric Acid and Sodium hydroxide are ?
Corrosive Solids
Small air-born particles that burn and can cause a dust explosion if ignited in an enclosed location are
Grain, Flour, Sugar, coal, Metal, Sawdust
Radioactive material is shipped in five types of packaging
Excepted Industrial Type A Type B Type C
Only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity
Excepted
A container that transports laboratory samples and smoke detectors
Industrial
Packages used for high activity materials plutonium transported by aircraft.
Type C
Transport over 90% of the worlds cargo
Marine Vessels
Diamond shipped signed that is mounted to each side of a structure for hazardous materials
Placard
Labels are designed for
NON bulk packages
Placards are designed for
Bulk packages
Under the United Nations(UN) System ___________ classes are used to categorize Hazardous Materials
Nine Hazards Classes
What are the nine hazards classes
Class 1 - explosive
Class 2- Gases
Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
Class 4 - Flammable solids spontaneous
Class 5 - Oxidizing Substance and organic peroxide’s
Class 6- Toxic and infections Substance
Class 7- Radioactive Materials
Class 8- Corrosive Substance
Class 9- Miscellaneous dangerous substance and articles
A placard is not required for shipments of _________other regulated materials for domestic transport only (ORM-Ds)
Infections Substances
Which hazard does not have a specific background color on the NFPA 704 placard
Special
The placard Labeled “Dangerous”is for
Contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that requires different placards
Class 7 Radioactive Labels must alway’s
Contain text
NFPA 704
Hazmat materials at fixed storage facilities
NFPA 704 diamond does not tell
What chemical or chemicals may be present in specific quantities
NFPA 704 system uses a rating system of numbers from
0 to 4
Note : 0 being minor to a 4 indicates a severe hazard
NFPA 704 diamond will relay the
Worst Hazard level in each category on site not all the same material.
Safety data sheets were formerly known as
Materials safety data sheets
Where do most oil spills occur according to statistics
Port
Which class labels must always contain text?
Class 7 radioactive
Hazardous Materials Information System is a
Proprietary system developed by the American coatings association same or similar to the 704 system
CAS Numbers
Chemical Abstract Service Number assigned by the American Chemical Society. This number Uniquely identifies a specific compound.
What are the two signal words to indicate the relative severity of a hazard by GHS
“Warning - Less Severe
“ Danger - More Severe
In what form are all riot control agents
Solids
Bill of lading used for
Shipping paper used by the trucking industry
Matter is found in three states
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Per the ERG book what are the initial isolation distances based on the involved product state of Matter
Solids- 75 ft
Liquids- 150ft
Gases- 330 ft
1 and 2 ton quantities of chlorine and Anhydrous ammonia released do what?
Both initially spread in a 360 degree radius before being dispersed downwind in some situations.
Name some corrosive gases
Bromine
Chlorine
Anhydrous Ammonia
Definition of a Micron
Unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter
Sublimate/ Sublime
Transition directly from a solid to gas.
Is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure
Boiling Point
Note : usually expressed in Degrees Fahrenheit
In which state(s) will you encounter corrosives ?
Solids or liquids
BLEVE ?
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion also called violent rupture
Solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressures
Melting point.
The temperature at which a liquid will boil at sea level
Boiling point
Characteristics of high pressure tanks ?
Guard cage around the bottom loading/unloading piping
Emergency shut-offs
Bolted man way