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Fire Officer Exam 2019 > Hazardous Materials for First Responders > Flashcards

Hazardous Materials for First Responders Flashcards

1
Q

Substances that possess harmful characteristics are called

A

Hazardous Materials in the United States.

Dangerous goods in Canada and other counties.

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2
Q

What is the name to cause to become less harsh or hostile

A

Mitigate

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3
Q

NFPA 1072

A

Standard for hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction emergency response personnel professional qualifications

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4
Q

NFPA 472

A

Standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents

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5
Q

NFPA 473

A

Standard for competencies for EMS personnel responding to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents

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6
Q

Hazmat acronym incident model

A

APIE

Analyze, Plan, Implement, Evaluate

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7
Q

Awareness Personnel are not responsible

A

Planning the response to a hazmat incident

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8
Q

Condition substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss, the source of the risk.

A

Hazard

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9
Q

Short term effect that appeared within hours or days, such as vomiting or diarrhea

A

Acute health effects

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10
Q

Long term effects that may take years to appear, such as cancer

A

Chronic health effects

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11
Q

Effects can possibly take years from exposure to chemicals, agent , or substance this delay is called

A

Latency period

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12
Q

Was first used in the US in the early 1900s to insulate steam engines

A

Asbestos

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13
Q

Us government began regulating Asbestos in the

A

1920s

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14
Q

Pathways by which Hazardous Materials get into or effect the human Body

A

Routes of Entry

Routes of exposure

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15
Q

Most common exposure Route

A

Inhalation

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16
Q

Areas where human skin is the thinnest

A

Eyes, nose, mouth, wrist, neck, ears, hands, groin, and underarms

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17
Q

Primary routes by which hazardous substances enter the body?

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Injection

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18
Q

Tolvene

A

Solvent

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19
Q

Three mechanism of harm

A

Energy
Release
Corrosivity
Toxicity

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20
Q

The Acronym to categorize the types of harm caused by hazardous Materials

A 
(TRACEM)
Thermal hazard
Radiological hazard 
Asphyxiation hazards 
Chemical hazards 
Etiological/ biological hazards 
Mechanical hazards
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21
Q

This type of hazmat incident presents the greatest threat

A

Energy Release

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22
Q

What are the six types of Energy Release

A 
Heat
Mechanical 
Pressure 
Electricity 
Chemical
Radiation
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23
Q

Four main agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous materials and: or wastes the federal level are

A

Department of Transportation
Environment Protection Agency
Department of Labor
Nuclear Regulatory Commission

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24
Q

Many hazardous materials incidents occur while

A

Are being Transported “Highway”

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25
Q

How long today’s flammable gas railcars thermally protected against exposure to a 1600 F fire

A

100minutes

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26
Q

What is released when a hazardous materials undergo chemical reaction

A

Chemical energy

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27
Q

To meet criteria for bulk packaging one of the following must be met

A
  1. Maximum Capacity >119 gallons for liquid
  2. Max net mass >882lbs or max>119 gallons as for solids
  3. Water capacity is 1001lbs or greater as a receptacle for gas.
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28
Q

Examples of non bulk packaging.

A

Drums, boxes, carboys, and bags

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29
Q

Packages with an outer packaging and an inner receptacle

A

Composite packages

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30
Q

Multiple packages grouped together in a single outer container

A

Combination packages

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31
Q

Liquid reaches its boiling point vapor fills container raising the pressure beyond containable limits

A

Bleve Process

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32
Q

Opening that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer

A

Manway

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33
Q

Gas that is converted into a liquid by being cooled below -130 F

A

Cryogenic

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34
Q

Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or imitate combination or combustible materials

A

Oxidizer

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35
Q

Cryogenic contents

A 
Liquid oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Helium 
Hydrogen 
Argon 
Liquified natural gas
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36
Q

Common liquid containers

A 
Bottles 
Gasoline containers 
Paint 
Pails 
Drums
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37
Q

Which comprises the largest class by volume in the industry

A

Corrosives

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38
Q

An Agency that overseas the natural nuclear security administration

A

Department of Energy

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39
Q

Name Hazardous Solids

A

Dust
Powders
Small particles

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40
Q

Boric Acid and Sodium hydroxide are ?

A

Corrosive Solids

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41
Q

Small air-born particles that burn and can cause a dust explosion if ignited in an enclosed location are

A

Grain, Flour, Sugar, coal, Metal, Sawdust

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42
Q

Radioactive material is shipped in five types of packaging

A 
Excepted 
Industrial 
Type A 
Type B
Type C
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43
Q

Only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity

A

Excepted

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44
Q

A container that transports laboratory samples and smoke detectors

A

Industrial

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45
Q

Packages used for high activity materials plutonium transported by aircraft.

A

Type C

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46
Q

Transport over 90% of the worlds cargo

A

Marine Vessels

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47
Q

Diamond shipped signed that is mounted to each side of a structure for hazardous materials

A

Placard

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48
Q

Labels are designed for

A

NON bulk packages

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49
Q

Placards are designed for

A

Bulk packages

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50
Q

Under the United Nations(UN) System ___________ classes are used to categorize Hazardous Materials

A

Nine Hazards Classes

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51
Q

What are the nine hazards classes

A

Class 1 - explosive
Class 2- Gases
Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
Class 4 - Flammable solids spontaneous
Class 5 - Oxidizing Substance and organic peroxide’s
Class 6- Toxic and infections Substance
Class 7- Radioactive Materials
Class 8- Corrosive Substance
Class 9- Miscellaneous dangerous substance and articles

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52
Q

A placard is not required for shipments of _________other regulated materials for domestic transport only (ORM-Ds)

A

Infections Substances

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53
Q

Which hazard does not have a specific background color on the NFPA 704 placard

A

Special

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54
Q

The placard Labeled “Dangerous”is for

A

Contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that requires different placards

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55
Q

Class 7 Radioactive Labels must alway’s

A

Contain text

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56
Q

NFPA 704

A

Hazmat materials at fixed storage facilities

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57
Q

NFPA 704 diamond does not tell

A

What chemical or chemicals may be present in specific quantities

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58
Q

NFPA 704 system uses a rating system of numbers from

A

0 to 4

Note : 0 being minor to a 4 indicates a severe hazard

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59
Q

NFPA 704 diamond will relay the

A

Worst Hazard level in each category on site not all the same material.

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60
Q

Safety data sheets were formerly known as

A

Materials safety data sheets

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61
Q

Where do most oil spills occur according to statistics

A

Port

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62
Q

Which class labels must always contain text?

A

Class 7 radioactive

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63
Q

Hazardous Materials Information System is a

A

Proprietary system developed by the American coatings association same or similar to the 704 system

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64
Q

CAS Numbers

A

Chemical Abstract Service Number assigned by the American Chemical Society. This number Uniquely identifies a specific compound.

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65
Q

What are the two signal words to indicate the relative severity of a hazard by GHS

A

“Warning - Less Severe

“ Danger - More Severe

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66
Q

In what form are all riot control agents

A

Solids

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67
Q

Bill of lading used for

A

Shipping paper used by the trucking industry

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68
Q

Matter is found in three states

A

Gas
Liquid
Solid

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69
Q

Per the ERG book what are the initial isolation distances based on the involved product state of Matter

A

Solids- 75 ft
Liquids- 150ft
Gases- 330 ft

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70
Q

1 and 2 ton quantities of chlorine and Anhydrous ammonia released do what?

A

Both initially spread in a 360 degree radius before being dispersed downwind in some situations.

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71
Q

Name some corrosive gases

A

Bromine
Chlorine
Anhydrous Ammonia

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72
Q

Definition of a Micron

A

Unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter

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73
Q

Sublimate/ Sublime

A

Transition directly from a solid to gas.

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74
Q

Is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure

A

Boiling Point

Note : usually expressed in Degrees Fahrenheit

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75
Q

In which state(s) will you encounter corrosives ?

A

Solids or liquids

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76
Q

BLEVE ?

A

Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion also called violent rupture

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77
Q

Solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressures

A

Melting point.

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78
Q

The temperature at which a liquid will boil at sea level

A

Boiling point

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79
Q

Characteristics of high pressure tanks ?

A

Guard cage around the bottom loading/unloading piping
Emergency shut-offs
Bolted man way

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80
Q

What is called that changes directly from a solid into a gas without going into a liquid state in between ?

81
Q

Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure

A

Vapor density

82
Q

All_____ and _______ will mix with air, but lighter materials(unless confined) tend to rise and dissipate?

A

Vapors and Gases

83
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Gasoline
Diesel
Pentane
All Combines with water

84
Q

Polar Solvents

A

Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone

Combines with water, the two liquids mix.

85
Q

How do most railroad companies count and list their train cars on the train list?

A

Front to rear

86
Q

Incapable of being mixed or blended with another substance

A

Immiscible

87
Q

Describes the ability of two or more gases or liquid to mix with or dissolve into each other?

A

Miscibility

88
Q

A major component of gasoline

89
Q

Measure of thickness or flow ability of a liquid at a given temp?

90
Q

Length of time a chemical agent remains effective without dispersing

A

Persistence

91
Q

Additive added to natural gas.

Rotten eggs or sewage

92
Q

Ratio of the density(mass per volume) of materials to the density of a standard material usually an equal volume of water standard conditions of pressure and temperature

A

Specific Gravity

93
Q

Never use ____________to determine a safe or unsafe areas

94
Q

Enough vapors to support continuous burning

A

Fire point

95
Q

A materials fire point is usually only a few __________ higher than its flash point.

A

10-30 degrees Celsius

96
Q

liquids that have low flash points and burn easily are designated as

A

Flammable liquids

97
Q

Liquids with higher flash points that do not burn as easily are called

A

Combustible Liquids

98
Q

The term inflammable means the same as

99
Q

The minimum temperature to which the fuel (other than a liquid) in air must be heated to self sustained combustion without independent ignition source

A

Auto ignition temperature

(

100
Q

Which is the colorless, Flammable, and toxic gas that is a byproduct of the Red P meth production process?

101
Q

Concentrations if there is too little air the mixture is too

A

Too lean to ignite

102
Q

Too much flammable vapor or gas the mixture is called

A

Too Rich to ignite

103
Q

Corrosives are commonly divided into two broad categories

A

Acids and Bases

104
Q

Bases are sometimes called

A

Alkalis or Caustics

105
Q

A corrosive that is neither a acid nor a base

A

Hydrogen peroxide

106
Q

Any chemical that ionizes ( detaches) to yield hydrogen ions (hydronium) in water

107
Q

Bases have PH values of

108
Q

Acids have PH values of

109
Q

Reaction between an alkaline and fatty acid that produces soap

A

Saponification

110
Q

What is the most commonly transported via IM 102 portable tanks

A

Food commodities

111
Q

Four elements necessary to produce combustion

A

Oxygen
Fuel
Heat
Chemical chain reaction

112
Q

Fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion is called ?

A

Reducing Agent

113
Q

The least energetic form of radiation such as visible light and radio waves?

A

Nonionizing radiation

114
Q

The most energetic and hazardous form of radiation is?

A

Ionizing radiation

115
Q

Name four types of Ionizing radiation ?

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron

116
Q

On general Decon operations: Where should a medical triage and treatment area be established ?

A

Just outside Decon zone.

p. 506

117
Q

To which part of the container will mechanical stress particularly affect in Accidents ?

A

Fittings

Note: Severe accidents may cause damage to container walls.

p. 228

118
Q

What type of cracking is associated with BLEVEs

A

Runaway cracking

p. 229

119
Q

NFPA uses the term pressure tank to cover both?

A

Low pressure storage tanks and pressure vessels(with higher pressures).

P. 229

120
Q

Per NFPA definitions, low pressure storage tanks have operating pressure from

A

0.5 to 15 psi

P. 229

121
Q

Pressure vessels(including many large cryogenic liquid storage tanks) have pressures of

A

15 psi or greater

p. 229

122
Q

Is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure?

A

Boiling point

Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid will boil at sea level

p. 147

123
Q

Is the temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure?

A

Melting point

p. 146

124
Q

What system was created in an effort to create a world-wide, universal chemical hazard communication and container labeling?

A

Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

p. 728

125
Q

The unit leader does not don a chemical protective suit unless the situation indicates that a suit is required to properly supervise the units operation. What are the following situations that would require to don a suit?

A

. Entry team would not be inline of sight.
. Incident requires a complex entry team operations.
. Operation requires several entry teams.

Note: add additional personnel to maintain line of sight of entry teams.

126
Q

Describe the different types of Penetrating Power of radiation?

A

1) Alpha- stopped by skin.
2) Beta - stopped by clothing/ aluminum.
3) Gamma- Bone & Lead
4) Neutron- Concrete

p. 169

127
Q

Alpha and Beta emitters are generally more hazardous when?

A

Inhaled or ingested.

128
Q

Weightless packet of electromagnetic energy such as x-rays or visible light?

A

Photon.

p. 165

129
Q

Particles that have a physical mass but have no electrical charge?

A

Neutron

P. 165

130
Q

The effects of ionizing radiation occur ?

A

At the cellular level.

p. 162

131
Q

(RAM) Radioactive Materials

A

Emit ionizing radiation.

p. 165

132
Q

What are the protection measures from radiation

A

Time, distance, and shielding.

133
Q

The degree to which a substance causes harm within the body is called?

A

Toxicity

p. 170

134
Q

Damage spread through an entire body system?

A

Systemic Effect.

p.120

135
Q

Asphyxiants can be divided into two classes?

A

Simple asphyxiants
Chemical asphyxiants

p. 172

136
Q

Simple asphyxiants are ?

A

Gasses that displace oxygen.

p. 172

137
Q

Chemical asphyxiants are ?

A

Materials that prohibit the body’s cells from using oxygen.

p. 172

138
Q

What are three of the more common products of combustion ?

A 
Carbon monoxide (CO) 
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) 
Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 )
139
Q

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a

A

Byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic( Carbon containing materials.

p. 174

140
Q

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

A

Produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen.

Note: polyurethane foam IE furniture and bedding.

Has a bitter almond smell
Gas state temps above 79 F

141
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Product of COMPLETE combustion of organic materials.

Waste product of aerobic metabolism.

142
Q

Anthrax is a type of

143
Q

Rickettsias

A

Bacteria smaller than most bacteria ticks, fleas, other Arthropods.

144
Q

What are the primary hazards of explosives?

A

Thermal and Mechanical

p. 179

145
Q

What are the primary hazards of flammable and combustible liquids are ?

A

Energy, Corrosivity, and Toxicity.

146
Q

What is it called when a hot liquid fuel transfers heat energy to a colder, more volatile liquid fuel?

A

Vapor Explosives

p. 183

147
Q

Oxidizers are?

A

Typically Solids or Aqueous.

148
Q

Which phase of an explosive is typically less destructive?

A

Negative

p.180

149
Q

What burns when a material has reached its flash point?

A

Vapors only.

150
Q

What is the baseline measurement for pressure?

A

Atmospheric pressure.

  1. 7 psi
    p. 146
151
Q

What is the measure of the thickness of flowability of a liquid at a give temperature ?

A

Viscosity

p. 152

152
Q

A container stress is caused by

A

Thermal, energy, chemical, and mechanical.

p. 213

153
Q

The appearance of frost is an indicator that a container is under what kind of stress?

A

Thermal Stress

p. 213

154
Q

What are the common causes of mechanical stress on containers

A

Collision, impact , or internal pressure.

155
Q

What type of release is a semicircular or dome-shape pattern of an airborne hazard material that still partially in contact with ground or water

A

Hemispheric Release

p221

156
Q

Common breaches of solids-holding containers include

A

Punctures, Splits, and Tears.

p.233

157
Q

What are the other names for Pressure tanks?

A

Pressure containers and Pressure vessels

p. 234

158
Q

Pressure tanks have pressures of ?

A

15psi or greater

p.234

159
Q

What kind of paint are Horizontal Pressure vessels painted?

A

White or some other highly reflective color

160
Q

Atmospheric underground storage tanks will have more than ______of their surface areas underground.

161
Q

Horizontal propane tanks buried underground have capacities of

A

500 to 1000 gallons

162
Q

What are the two specifications in use for Highway transports?

A

MC standard and DOT/TC standards

IE. Mc306 - DOT TC 406

163
Q

Most DOT/TC -412s do not have a

A

A shut off valve

p. 248

164
Q

What do cargo trailer transport

A

Solids - Oxidizers, corrosive solids, Cement, plastic pellets, and fertilizers.

Most usually not under pressure- 15 to 20 psi

p. 251

165
Q

Compressed gas/ tube trailers have what kind of pressures.

A

Pressures 2400 to 5000 psi

They can carry helium, hydrogen, methane, oxygen and other gases.

P. 250

166
Q

RailRoad tank cars are divided into three main categories what are they?

A
  1. Low pressure/ General service tank cars.
  2. Pressure
  3. Cryogenic Liquid tank cars.
167
Q

In cryogenic railroad tank cars the combination of insulation vacuum protects the contents from ambient temps for

A

Only 30 days

p225

168
Q

Low pressure tank cars capacities

A

4,000 to 34000

P. 225

169
Q

What do they call trains that have a continuous block of twenty or more tank cars loaded with flammable liquid or thirty five or more cars loaded dispersed through a train.

A

High hazard flammable trains( HHFT)

170
Q

Intermodal tanks capacities do not ordinarily exceed ?

A

6,340 gallons

171
Q

Where is the marking that describe the volume in gallons and sometimes liters stenciled on the tank car?

A

Both ends under the car reporting marks.

p. 261

172
Q

IM 101 portable tanks carry

A

They transport both hazardous and non-hazardous materials.

173
Q

IM 102 carries

A

Most commonly transport food commodities.

174
Q

IMO type 7

A

Cryogenic type tank.
Jack B. Kelly Inc

Tank within a tank

175
Q

IMO means internationally

A

International Maritime Organization

P. 269

176
Q

Ton containers have two valves ?

A

One that extends into liquid space other valve extends into the vapor space.

P. 271

177
Q

Radioactive material is shipped in

A

Five basic types of containers

178
Q

Radioactive packaging type is determined by?

A

Activity, type, and form of material being shipped.

273

179
Q

What are IBCs?

A

Intermediate bulk containers.
Rigid or flexible
Max capacity is not more than 793 gal. Both called totes

p. 277

180
Q

A Supersack can carry the equivalent of four to five-

A

55 gallon drums.

181
Q

Carboy is a?

A

Large glass or plastic bottle encased in a basket or box.

20 gallons but 5gallons common.

p.280

182
Q

(RIBC) Rigid Intermediate Bulk Containers have capcities up to?

A

400 gallons

Pressures up to 100 psi

183
Q

What is used to prioritize response objectives?

A

Available Resources.

p. 311

184
Q

How many sides of an incident exist at Hazmat incidents ?

A

Six sides.

p. 295

185
Q

NFPA and OSHA mandate the use of what at Hazmat incidents?

A

Buddy systems and backup personnel

p. 341

186
Q

FBI will establish a control perimeter at__________ Times the distance of the farthest piece of evidence.

187
Q

At a Hazmat incident termination phase involves two procedural actions?

A

Post-incident critiques

Post incident analysis.

188
Q

How do sublimating solids transition ?

A

Solid to a gas

p. 144

189
Q

The basic description provided in shipping papers will follow a sequence best remembered by the acronym?

A

ISHP

I=Identification Number
S= Proper Shipping Name
H= Hazard Class or Division
P= Packing Group

p.99

190
Q

Shipping Paper Identification types?

A

Air - Air Bill- cockpit
Highway- Bill of Lading - vehicle cab.
Rail- trainlist/ Consist- Engine OT Caboose.
Water -Dangerous Cargo manifest. - Bridge or Pilot House.

p.99

191
Q

To assume command at a hazmat incident what level must the IC be trained at?

A

Operations

p. 327

192
Q

How many federal USR teams are currently available in the US?

A

28 teams

p. 334

193
Q

What is the minimum Number of personnel that should be operating in the hot zone ?

A

Four- two working and two back up.

p341

194
Q

Which Branch in the Logistics Sections includes Medical and good Services?

A

Support

p. 326

195
Q

What minimizes freelancing at the scene?

A

Staging Area

196
Q

A biological Toxin Made from castor beans?

A

Ricin

p. 367

197
Q

Within what temperature range is a combustible liquid ?

A

At or above 100 F and Below 200 F

p. 155

198
Q

What is the priority at low pressure storage tank incidents?

A

Eliminating ignition Source

p. 236

Fire Officer Exam 2019 (7 decks)

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