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Fire Officer Exam 2019 > Building Construction Related To The Fire Service 4th > Flashcards

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service 4th Flashcards

1
Q

The final consideration in the building design process is

A

Landscaping

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2
Q

Strategy to produce the overall time for completion of a project by merging the design and construction phase.

A

Fast-Track Construction

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3
Q

Is a body of law that determines the minimum standards that buildings must meet in the interest of communication safety and health

A

A building Code

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4
Q

The IBC is the successor to three earlier codes

A

1) The uniform building code(UBC)
2) The standard Building code
3) The Building officials and code Administrators ( BOCA )

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5
Q

Many Safety codes are developed in reaction to

A

Catastrophic Incidents

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6
Q

International building codes establishes

A

Numerical designations for construction types.

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7
Q

Type l

A

Fire Resistive

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8
Q

Type ll

A

Protected Noncombustible or noncombustible

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9
Q

Type III

A

Exterior Protected (Masonry or Ordinary)

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10
Q

Type IV

A

Heavy Timber

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11
Q

Type V

A

Wood Frame

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12
Q

Which is regulated in the wildland /Urban interface to address exposures?

A

Roof types and Siding Materials

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13
Q

NFPA standard on types of building construction.

A

NFPA 220 details requirement for each of the classification and subclassifications.

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14
Q

Areas of refuge may not be required in buildings equipment

A

With an automatic sprinkler system

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15
Q

(ADA)Americans with disabilities Act was signed into law when

A

1990

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16
Q

Type III construction has been commonly referred

A

Ordinary Construction

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17
Q

What is the fundamental fire concern with Type III construction

A

Combustible concealed spaces between floor and ceiling joist.

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18
Q

What is the most common characteristic of unprotected noncombustible construction ?

A

The use of unprotected Steel.

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19
Q

Modern heavy -timber wood frame construction is primarily used for

A

Aesthetic purpose

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20
Q

Type IV commonly known as

A

Heavy Timber or Mill Construction

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21
Q

Type V structures are required to have

A

1-hour fire resistance for structural components

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22
Q

What method of construction is Often used for wood-frame buildings

A

Light frame construction introduced in the 1830

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23
Q

Total quantity of combustible material in a compartment.

A

Fuel load

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24
Q

Maximum amount of heat that can be released if all the fuel in a given area is consumed

A

Fire load

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25
Q

Fire load is expressed

A

In pounds per square foot and obtained by dividing the amount of fuel present by the floor area

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26
Q

Most common method used to determine fire resistance

A

Laboratory testing

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27
Q

The earliest known fire test on building materials were

A

Germany in 1884-86

US -Denver, Colorado 1890
New York City 1896

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28
Q

What is the most commonly used test for determining combustibility

A

ASTME 136, standard test method for behavior of materials in a vertical tube furnace 750 C

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29
Q

Which characteristic of the fuel load will control the fire load

A

Heat of Combustion

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30
Q

Only standardized test method currently universally accepted by building codes

A

E-119 Test

Ability of Structure assemblies to carry a structure load and act as a fire barrier

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31
Q

Which building classification is not divided into subclassifications

A

Heavy Timber

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32
Q

Where can fire retardant treated woods be used within type I buildings

A

Roofs

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33
Q

What fire resistance rating must structure components have in Type V construction

A

1-hour ratings

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34
Q

What is the rating requirement for the primary structure frame of a type 1A building per IBC

A

3-hours

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35
Q

What is the maximum time that building assemblies are tested required by building codes

A

4 hours

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36
Q

What resistance rating is usually seen in the floor construction of the fire resistive structure

A

Two to three hours

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37
Q

Most common load imposed on a structure via the weight of the structures components contents and any occupancy activity

A

Gravity

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38
Q

Stress forces in materials

A

Tension, Compression, and shear forces.

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39
Q

force that pulls materials apart

A

Tension

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40
Q

A force that squeezes the material

A

Compressions

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41
Q

A force that Slides one plane of material past and adjacent plane

A

Shear

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42
Q

Stresses from external loads

A

Axial load, eccentric load and Torsional load

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43
Q

Load applied to the center of the cross section of a member and perpendicular to the cross section

A

Axial Load

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44
Q

Load perpendicular to the cross section but does not press through the center

A

Eccentric Load

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45
Q

Produces a twisting effect that creates shear stresses in a material

A

Torsional Load

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46
Q

Is fixed in location. Buildings permanent structural elements

A

Dead Load

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47
Q

A load that is not fixed or permanent

A

Live load

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48
Q

A load that is steady, motionless, constant, or applied gradually

A

Static loads

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49
Q

Load that involves motion also known as shock loading

A

Dynamic Loads

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50
Q

How are live loads quantified in building codes

A

They use minimum Loads

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51
Q

Water at a depth 3” adds a static Load of

A

21 pounds per square foot.

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52
Q

A load that is applied at one point or over a small area

A

Concentrated Loads

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53
Q

In designing buildings to withstand wind forces what is used as the primary consideration

A

Direct Pressure

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54
Q

Application forces by earthquakes

A

Seismic Load

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55
Q

What are the most significant forces generated by an earthquake

A

Lateral loads that create horizontal motions

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56
Q

Common support systems for beams include

A 
Simply supported
Restrained 
Cantilever 
Overhanging 
Continuous
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57
Q

Building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one_______
For stairs serving buildings________stories or higher

A

Smoke proof stair enclosed

5 stories

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58
Q

A True Truss is

A

Made of only straight members

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59
Q

Typical truss shapes span distance of

A

22 to 70 feet. Modern construction. May exceed 100ft

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60
Q

Structural members designed to support an axial Load

A

Columns

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61
Q

Two most common types of power used in elevators

A

Hydraulic and Electrical

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62
Q

Hydraulic elevators do not have

A

Brakes

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63
Q

The practical upper limit for hydraulic elevators was about

A

Six Stories

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64
Q

Modern elevator cables are

A

Flat polyethylene coated steel Belts

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65
Q

What are the most common type of elevator in buildings over six stories

A

Traction Elevators

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66
Q

Name four common styles of electric elevators

A

Drum elevators(passenger)
Traction elevators
Machine room less
Dumb waiters -cargo use

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67
Q

What is the vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels, includes the elevator pit.

A

Hoistway

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68
Q

Electrical circuit in which the current can move through the circuit in both directions and flow can be constantly reversing

A

Alternating current circuit (AC)

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69
Q

Electric circuit in which the current moves through the circuit in only one direction.

A

Direct current. (DC)

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70
Q

On elevators with DC motors what does not stop the car

A

Brakes. The motor stops the car then the brakes are applied

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71
Q

What were dumbwaiter elevators historically used for

A

Drawn with Ropes and used to move food from kitchen

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72
Q

Four or more elevators must have a minimum of

A

Two separate hoist ways

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73
Q

A type of rooftop projection historically used for ventilation and lighting aesthetics

A

Cupola

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74
Q

Device that automatically restricts the flow of smoke

A

Smoke Damper

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75
Q

Standard for the installation of air-conditioning and ventilating System

A

NFPA 90 A

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76
Q

Protective treatment for exterior windows designed to withstand hurricane conditions

A

Hurricane Glazing

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77
Q

Lasalle hotel fire in Chicago, Illinois in 1946 claimed how many lives

A

61

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78
Q

Beverly Hills supper club 1977 South Gate, Kentucky claimed how many lives

A

165

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79
Q

How many lives did the station night club west Warwick Rhode Island in 2003 claim

A

100

Combustible interior finishes

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80
Q

Is highly dynamic and is influenced by several thermal variables

A

Fire Behavior

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81
Q

The most significant factor that determines fuels burn rate

A

Is the combination of fuel and the available oxygen

82
Q

Large scale test used to evaluate the performance of textile wall coverings under fire conditions

A

NFPA 265

83
Q

Free standing fire walls are usually found in building of

A

Type III or V construction

84
Q

Free standing walls must be designed to resist a

A

Lateral Load of at least 5lbs per sqft

85
Q

4 hour rated firewalls must be constructed of

A

Masonry or concrete

86
Q

Interior walls that do not qualify as firewalls but are used to subdivide a floor or area of a building

A

Fire Partitions

87
Q

The purpose of ___________is to block the vertical spread of fire through a buildings opening

A

Enclosure Walls

88
Q

The development of the _________ lead to the existence of the_________

A

Steel Framed high rise buildings

Curtain walls

89
Q

Curtain walls are often

A

Nonload bearing

90
Q

What are the four styles of fire doors identified in NFPA80

A

Rolling overhead doors
Horizontal sliding doors
Swinging fire doors
Special fire doors

91
Q

Doors that commonly protect stairwell enclosure and corridors

A

Swinging Fire Doors

92
Q

Horizontal sliding fire doors are usually held open with a

A

Fusible link

93
Q

What was the first type of fire rated glazing available

A

Wired Glass

94
Q

Are the most common application of fire rated glazing

A

Fire doors

95
Q

Doors with ratings up to _______hours can be equipped with glazing

A

3 hours

96
Q

Fire doors with ratings of 1-3 hours can have glass panels up to

A

100 square inches

97
Q

Standard methods of fire test of door Assemblies

A

NFPA 252/ ASTm E-152

98
Q

The function of a foundation is to

A

Transfer a buildings weight to the ground

99
Q

Sheet like layer of Rock or earth

A

Stratum

100
Q

Increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges

A

Monolithic Floors

101
Q

The weight of one story of soil can equal

A

Five to eight stories of a building

102
Q

Closed cell foam used for a growing number of purposes including building insulation

A

Expanded Polystyrene

103
Q

Cement like liquid material that hardens and bonds individual masonry units into a solid mass

A

Mortar

104
Q

What is the unique position among building materials that wood has

A

Cheap to produce and renewable

105
Q

Most of wood manufacturing occurs

A

In nature

106
Q

Types of wood used in construction

A

Typically Softwoods

Pine, fir, spruce

107
Q

Wood is never

A

Dimensionally True

108
Q

Lumber with standard nominal measurements for use in building construction

A

Dimensional Lumber

109
Q

The standard tensile strength of wood is

A

700psi

110
Q

What is a significant factor in wood strength

A

Moisture Content

111
Q

What is the moisture content of Lumber

A

19% or less

112
Q

Wood is stronger ________ to the grain than________the grain

A

Parallel

Against

113
Q

Manufactured by bonding pieces of wood with glue or resin to form finished shapes

A

Engineered wood

114
Q

Advantages of Engineered wood

A

Strength and Cost

115
Q

Products are made of flat strips of wood joined with glue

A

Laminated wood

116
Q

What are the 3 common joints used in wood construction

A

Scarf joint, butt joint, finger joint

117
Q

Used frequently in heavy Timber construction where greater length components are required

A

Glulam Beams

118
Q

Structural Composite Lumber

A

The waste products of harvesting and processing Lumber

119
Q

Name three (SCL) Structural Composite Lumber

A

Laminated Veneer Lumber
Parallel Strand Lumber
Laminated Strand Lumber

Note: Parallel Strand Lumber is the strongest of the three SCL product

120
Q

A wood like product made from wood fiber and polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

Thermoplastic composite lumber

IE: Decking and Handrails

121
Q

Panels that are made up of several thin layers(veneers) rotary-sliced from rotating logs and glued together

A

Plywood

122
Q

Is the thermal decomposition of wood ?

A

Pyrolysis

123
Q

Below what approximate temperature does pyrolysis Begin?

A

392 F (200 C)

124
Q

What is it called when the total amount of thermal energy that can be released if the fuel is completely burned ?

A

The Heat of Combustion

125
Q

Heat of Combustion is measured in?

A

British Thermal Units.

BTU per pound or kilojoules per gram. KJ/g

126
Q

What is the relationship between the available surface area of the fuel and the mass of the fuel called?

A

Surface -To- Mass Ratio

127
Q

Ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air?

A

Hygroscopic

128
Q

Most Wood frame buildings do not exceed how many stories?

A

3 stories.

Note: Engineered wood structures can be built several stories in height.

129
Q

What type of construction is called when exterior wall studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof?

A

Balloon Frame Construction

130
Q

What temperature will weaken steel to its yield point?

A

1200 degree F (659 C)

131
Q

What minimum dimensions are seen in the internal support columns of heavy Timber construction ?

A

8x8 inches (200 x 200 mm)

132
Q

When was there a decline in the use of ballon frame construction

A

1920s

133
Q

Which is the most common style of connector between heavy Timber members?

A

Steel gusset plates with through-bolts

134
Q

Construction characterized by heavy wooden structural interior supports with a masonry exterior

A

Type IV Heavy Timber(Mill) Construction.

135
Q

Up until what time was asbestos commonly used in siding materials in the US.

A

1970s

From the 1930s to the 70s

136
Q

What nominal size members are used to construct light-frame trusses?

A

2 -Inches

137
Q

Which type of wood joint can be used to transmit tensile stress

A

Scarf and Finger joint

138
Q

Which are the initial products of pyrolysis?

A

Water and carbon dioxide

139
Q

In which construction type does code allow the use of fire-retardant wood?

A

Type I & II

140
Q

What material is used to construct a space frame?

A

Aluminum

141
Q

What is the usual requirement for the attic space with combustible construction to be subdivided into for fire-stopping purposes (Draftstopping)

A

3000 sqft

142
Q

What is the primary benefit of masonry components ?

A

Durability and inherent resistance to weather, fire, and sects.

143
Q

Most common brick sizes are?

A

Three courses(horizontal Layers) of brick + mortar joints =height.

8” (200MM)

144
Q

What is the most common concrete masonry units (CMUs)

A

Hollow Concrete Blocks

145
Q

WhT type of foundation involves removing the same amount of soil that equals the weight of the building ?

A

Floating

146
Q

What is the primary function of mortar ?

A

Bond individual masonry units into a solids mass.

147
Q

The firing process in a kiln for bricks takes how long ?

A

40-150 hours at temps as high as 2400 F (1300 C)

148
Q

Weakest part of a masonry wall?

A

Mortar Joints

149
Q

Most Mortar is produced from

A

A mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water

150
Q

What is consisting of calcium and aluminum silicate

A

Portland Cement/ Hydraulic Cement.

151
Q

Single vertical column of masonry units in a wall

A

Wythe

152
Q

Horizontal layer of individual masonry units

A

Course

153
Q

Most basic facets of brick structures

A

Wythe and course

154
Q

Bricks placed end to end ?
Bricks placed vertically on end?
Placed with the end facing out?

A

Stretcher course
Soldier course
Header course

155
Q

Buildings with Masonry walls strongest Part?

A

Corners, stairwells, elevators shafts.

156
Q

Which NFPA code is often adopted by a governmental agency with a specific area of responsibility ?

A

NFPA 101

157
Q

The primary two metals alloyed in steel are?

A

Iron and Carbon

158
Q

Substance or mixture composed of two or more materials (Ora metal and nonmetallic elements)

A

Alloy

159
Q

An Alloy of Iron and Carbon is

A

Steel

160
Q

What is manganese used for when added to steel?

A

Resistance to abrasion

161
Q

What carbon content does cast iron have which makes it hard but brittle?

A

3 to 4 %

162
Q

Normal design strength of properly cured concrete is reached

A

After 28 days

163
Q

Single most important factor in determining the ultimate strength of concrete is

A

Water to Cement Ratio

164
Q

Chemical process of gardening of concrete is

A

Hydration

165
Q

Ideal correct temp for curing of concrete is

A

50 and 70 degrees F

166
Q

Method of evaluating the moisture content of wet concrete by measuring the amount that a small of the cone leaves

A

Slump Test

167
Q

The expansion of the moisture within concrete when heated or frozen

A

Spalling

168
Q

Heat released slowly from concrete from retained heat of an exposing fire is?

A

Heat Sink effect

169
Q

Slab and beam framing is best suited for what kind of buildings

A

With light floor loads. Concrete slabs thin as 2”

170
Q

What is the most commonly used size of rebar

A

5

171
Q

What is added to concrete to reduce the density

A

Shale

172
Q

What forces are being address when components are added to reinforce the concrete

A

tensile strength

173
Q

Roofs of buildings can be classified into three styles

A

Flat
Pitched
Curved

174
Q

Name the common pitched roof types

A 
Gable 
Hip
Gambrel 
Mansard 
Butterfly
Monitor 
Sawtooth
Shed
Arched 
Flat
175
Q

A sloped Roof 12/12 equals to

A

45-degree angle

176
Q

Slope roofs have slopes of

A

4/12 to 12/12 pitch

177
Q

Frequently provided in buildings with pitched roofs to increase the available living space in an attic.

A

A dormer

False dormer decorative

178
Q

Horizontal structure members used to support a ceiling of floors

A

Joist

179
Q

Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof

A

Purlin

180
Q

Most common types of trusses used for pitched roofs

A

Fink and Pratt

181
Q

Which type of roof is basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves

A

Butterfly Roof

182
Q

A pitched roof consist of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a ridge

A

Gable

183
Q

What is the base of modern Asphalt shingles

A

Fiberglass

184
Q

What type of roof truss is arranged with all of the chords and diagonal members in the same plane

A

Common Roof Truss

185
Q

How far apart center to center are lightweight wood trusses spaced.

A

2 to 4 feet

186
Q

Model building codes define a high rise building as being more than

A

75ft

187
Q

Fire protection definition for high rise buildings

A

Any building with occupied stories beyond the effective reach of fire equipment located at street level

188
Q

The earliest high rise buildings were

A

10-12 stories 1920-1930s

189
Q

NFPA 14 mandates the use of

A

Pressure reducing valves

190
Q

Elevator code requires elevator hoistway or rooms to have this if protected by automatic sprinklers

A

Shunt trip

191
Q

Emergency operation mode for elevators. Recall the car

A

Phase 1 operation

192
Q

An explosion can be defined as an event that produces a rapid

A

Release of energy

193
Q

The maximum pressure reached during an explosion may exceed

A

10 x the atmospheric pressure

194
Q

NFPA 241 requires the presence of what during roofing operations during construction

A

20 B rated extinguisher

195
Q

NFPA 241

A

Standard includes parameters for construction sites and organization.

196
Q

In which southeastern state do sinkholes occur often

A

Florida

197
Q

In physics: Any interaction that may change the motion of an object. Simply measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds. (Kilograms)

A

Force

Pg- 66

198
Q

Any effect that a structure must be designed to resist, including the forces of gravity, wind, earthquakes, or soil pressure.

A

Load

Pg- 66

199
Q

Factors that work against the strength of any piece of apparatus, equipment or structural support. Measurement of force intensity is calculated as force divided by area

A

Stress

Pg - 66

200
Q

A condition of balance that exist when a structural system is capable of supporting the applied load.

A

Equilibrium

Pg- 66

Fire Officer Exam 2019 (7 decks)

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