Hazardous materials Flashcards
Cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO type 7)
Working pressures: low - 600 psi
Materials: Carry cryogenic materials that have temperature less then -150F (liquified O2, Helium, Nitrogen)
p50
List 9 DOT Classifications:
EGFFOTRCM
- Explosives
- Gases
- Flammable liquids
- Flammable solids
- Oxidizing substances
- Toxic / infectious substances
- Radioactive materials
- Corrosive substances
- Miscellaneous hazardous materials
When implementing a response, what does the acronym SIN stand for?
Safety
Isolate
Notify
p111
Wet clothing extracts heat from the body ____times faster then dry clothing. This could lead to hypothermia, a condition in which the core body temp. falls below _______F.
240; 95 degrees F
p120
What is a personal dosimeter?
A tool used to measure the amount of radioactive exposure received by an individual.
p148
According to NIOSH, The exposure limits are as follows: IDLH,STEL,and REL all stand for what?
Immediately dangerous to life and health
Short term exposure limits - 15 min exposure no more 4 times a day
Recommended exposure limits-10 hour exposure
p167
Flammable ranges of Common Gases:
Hydrogen 4.0 - 75%
Natural Gas 5.0 - 15%
Propane 2.5 - 9.0%
p24
Terrorism is also classified by 3 diff types:
Ecoterrorism - Groups supporting environmental related causes
Agroterrorism - Use of chemical or biological against the agricultural industry
Cyberterrorism - Cyber attacks on government, industrial, and private computer systems.
p137
Why do you never neutralize chemicals on human skin?
Heat and toxic gasses may generate when acids and bases are neutralized.
p228
What does the DECIDE model stand for?
D etect hazardous material E stimate likely harm without intervention C hoose response objectives I dentify action options D o best option E valuate progress
p111
Pressure intermodal tanks (IMO type 5)
Working Pressures: 100 - 600 psi
Materials: liquified compressed gasses (propane and butane )
p50
EVADE acronym can be used to help responders critically think about the prescience of secondary devices. What does it stand for?
Evaluate the scene Visually scan for secondary devices Avoid touching or moving anything that can conceal device Designate scene control zones Evacuate victims
p77
MC-338 Cryogenic tank
Traits: Boxlike structure, contains control valves; similar to a Dewar
* has a relief valve that will emit small puffs of white vapor as relief valve functions, this is normal.
TRACEMP is an acronym used to classify damages caused by a terrorist attack or hazmat incident, what does it stand for?
T - Thermal R - Radiological A - Asphyxiation C - Chemical E - Etiological - caused by bloodborne pathogens M - Mechanical P - Psychogenic
P32
STP - Standard temperature and pressure
Ideal testing environment for a variety of chemical and physical processes.
IM-101 Portable Tanks (IMO type 1)
Capacity: 6300 gallons
Wking Pressures: 25.4 - 100 psi
Materials: Carry mild corrosives, food-grade products, and flammable liquids
p50
Bulk storage containers Hold…
Liquids greater than 119 gallon
Bulk packaging with net mass greater then 882 pounds
Gases greater then 100lbs water capacity
p49
Most of the instruments used in fire scene detection can be damaged in temperatures above 100 degrees F.
p170
What are 3 methods for manufacturing methamphetamines?
Red P- Red Phosphorus lab - traditional method
Anyhydrous ammonia- Faster, requires little knowledge
P2P Phenyl-2-propanone-yields lower quality
p304
Chlorine gas is _____ times heavier then air.
2.5
p22
Signal Words relative toxicity of a material: Danger-Poison Danger Warning Caution
Danger-Poison = Highly toxic by all routes of entry Danger = Sever eye damage or skin irritation Warning = Moderately toxic Caution = Minor toxicity and minor eye damage or skin irritation
MC-331 Pressure Cargo tank
Traits: Rounded ends, looks like a pill
Capacity: 1,000 - 11,000 gallons
Working pressures: Internal 250 psi / max 300 psi
Materials: Ammonia, propane, freon, butane
* High risk BLEVE, relief valve operated at 110% of max working pressure.
True or False
Alpha particles have weight and mass; as a consequence, they can not travel very far (less then a few inches) from the nucleus of the atom.
True
p29
V-agent is the only Nerve agent considered Persistent because ?
It has low vapor pressure and will not evaporate quickly.
p143
MC-312 /DOT 412 (Corrosives cargo tank)
Traits: Heavy duty reinforced rings around the tank; smaller diameter
Capacity: 6,000 gallons
Wking Pressures: 15 - 25 psi
Materials: Corrosives ( Sulfuric acid, phosheric acid, sodium hydroxide)
Chemical reactivity
Also know as Chemical Change - Describes the ability of a substance to undergo a transformation at the molecular level, usually with the release of some form of energy.
p21
What is the flashpoint of Diesel?
120-140 F
p23
Tube Modules
Working Pressures: 5000 psi
Materials: hydrogen and oxygen
p50
What are two Pulmonary agents?
Chlorine
Phosgene
- can cause pulmonary edema
p144
What are the 5 types of evidence?
- Physical Evidence - Items that can be observed, photographed, measured, collected to prove a point. Ex. Burn Patterns
- Trace Evidence - Minute quantity of physical evidence that conveyed from one place to another. ex. shoe and shoe print on soil
- Demonstrative Evidence -anything used to validate a theory how something occurred.
- Direct Evidence-Facts that can be observed or reported firsthand. statements made by suspects
- Circumstantial Evidence - Info. used to prove a theory based on facts observed firsthand.
Propaine has an expansion ratio of ______ to _______
270:1
- for every 1 volume of liquid propane, 270 times that amount of propane exist as vapor.
p21
The DuDote is intended for patients between the ages os ____ and ___ years of age?
18;55
p144
Chlorine is considered what type of agent?
Pulmonary agent (Chocking agent) = because its inhalation causes severe pulmonary damage
p142
Chlorine fusible plugs melt at _______ F
160 F
p22
Define Fire point
The temperature at which sustained combustion of the vapor will occur.
p23
Nonbulk storage vessels
All types of containers other then bulk containers
Hold a few oz to 119 gallons
p50
What does OSHA HAZWOPER stand for?
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
p94
Which Insoluble substances would not be the best candidates for straight water wash?
Nerve agents
Benzine
Toluene
p227
IM-102 Portable Tanks (IMO type 2)
Capacity: 6,300 gallon
Wking pressures: 14.7 - 25.4 psi
Materials: Carry nonhazardous materials but may also contain flammable liquids and corrosives.
p50
Biological warfare is categorized in four ways:
- Bacterial agents (Anthrax)
- Fungal agents (aflaxtoxin)
- Viral agents (Ebola virus or smallpox)
- Toxins (Ricin or botulinum)
p306
Headspace
The small vapor space above the liquid in a pressurized tank.
10-15 % of the total container capacity is vapor
p49
What chemical is known as a blood agent?
Cyanide- interfere with the utilization of oxygen by the cells of the body.
Most common: Hydrogen cyanide, Cyanogen Chloride
p145
Dikes / Berms
Short walls that form a catch basin around a vessel
p49
What are 3 ways to reduce or eliminate contamination ?
- Dilution
- Isolation
- Washing
p226
Tube trailers
Traits: several individual cylinders banded together
Working pressures: 3000 - 5,000 psi
Materials: Hydrogen, oxygen, helium, methane
Dewar Container
A container designed to hold the temperature of a cold liquid held inside.
p48
What is SLUDGE and what does it stand for?
Common symptoms of Nerve Agents.
Salivation, Lacrimation, Defecation, Gastric upset, Emesis
p143
Shipping Papers and corresponding names:
Bills of landing = Road vehicles Way-bills = Railroad transportation Consist, train-list = Train Dangerous cargo manifest = Marine vessels Air bill = Air transport
What is a Dirty Bomb?
Any device that causes the purposeful dissemination of radioactive material across an area without nuclear detonation.
- IND (Improvised nuclear device)
- RED (Radiation Exposure device)
p149
Intermodal Tanks
Both shipping and storage vessels. They Hold between 5000 and 6000 gallons of product and can be either pressurized or nonpressurized.
p49
APR’s require that the ambient atmosphere contain a minimum of ________ percent oxygen ?
19.5
P103
What is the Flashpoint of gasoline?
-45 F
p22
Dry Bulk Cargo tanks
Traits: V shaped with rounded sides that funnel contents to the bottom.
Materials: Powders, pellets, fertilizers, grain
Wking Pressures: Not pressurized
CBRN
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear.
p94
The conversion from bar to psi is?
1 bar = 14.7 psi
p24
NTP - Normal temperature and pressure
These values represent standard conditions under which chemical and physical properties can be tested and documented.
p24
Potential targets for terrorist can be classified into 3 broad categories:
- Infrastructure targets
- Symbolic Targets
- Civilian Targets
p135
What are the pump pressures set for when set to a fog pattern for mass Decon?
Between 30 to 50psi.
p222
MC-306 / DOT 406 (Cargo Tank)
Traits: Oval shaped, offloaded from the bottom
Capacity: 6,000 - 10,000 gallons
Wking Pressures: Non-pressurized 2.65 - 4 psi
Materials:Liquid food-grade, gasoline, Flammable Liquid
A backup team for a hazardous response should never be more then _______ or so from being fully dressed and ready for action.
1 minute
p116
MC-307 / DOT 407 (Chemical Hauler)
Traits: Horse-shoe shaped (insulated) round (uninsulated)
Capacity: 6,000 - 7,000 gallons
Wking Pressures: up to 35 psi
Materials: Flammable liquids, mild corrosives, poisions
What is the flammable range of gasoline vapors?
1.4% to 7.6%
p23
What two chemical agents are classified as Blister agents?
Sulfur Mustard- Clear, yellow; vaporizes slowly; pain onset slow
Lewisite- dark brown; causes pain immediately
p144
What is the mnemonic for lighter-then-air gases?
4H MEDIC ANNA
Hydrogen Methane Ammonia
Helium Ethylene Neon
Hydrogen Cyanide Diborane Nitrogen
Hydrogen Fluoride Illuminating gas Acetylene
Carbon monoxide
PAH (Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons)?
A group of substances that occurs naturally in materials such as crude oil and coal. Can be found in vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, and structure fires.
p160
Other names for Hot, Warm, and Cold zones are?
Exclusionary zone, Contamination reduction zone, Outer perimeter.
p113
List some Facts about Beta particles
More energetic then alpha particles pose a greater health hazard can travel 10-15 feet in open air cause damage to living tissue Causes Ionizing Radiation
p29
Facts about Gamma Radiation
Most energetic radiation; is pure electromagnetic energy travels at the speed of light Sources of gamma radiation: Cesium Cobalt
p31
Ionizing radiation
Has the capability to cause changes in human cells; mutation of the cell become the root cause of cancer.
p29
what does ALARA stand for?
As low as reasonably achievable
p31
What is NFPA 1994
Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism incidents
P100
Common Nerve Agents
Tabun
Soman
Sarin
V-agent
Blister agents
Sulfer mustard
Lewisite
Pulmonary agents
Phosgene
Chlorine
Blood agents
Cyanide
Most commonly encountered cyanide compounds: hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride
Biological agents
Anthrax
Plague
Smallpox
