Hazard Recognition

Question 1

Definitions for Hazard Recognition

Answer 1

What is a hazard: Is any substance or situation or condition that is capable of harming human health
Risk: Is a measure of the probability and severity of a hazard to harm human health, property or the environment. It represents the potential for harm.
Safety: If the level of risk is acceptable and if something needs to be done to lower the risk.

Question 2

Hazard and Safety Analysis

Answer 2

JSA Job Safety Analysis
Accesses the potential hazards posed when doing a specic task.
steps taken when performing a specific task
- Identify the site tasks that have the potential for injury or illness
- List the steps involved to perform the task
- Use the steps to determine potential hazards involved in each step
- Determine the best method of protection

Question 3

Construction - 10 OSHA Standards

Answer 3

10 OSHA standards most frequently included=

1. Scaffolding
2. Fall Protection (Scope application definitions
3. Excavations general requiredments
4. Ladders
5. Head Protections
6. Excavations
7. Hazard communication
8. Fall Protection (Training)
9. Construction - General Safety & health provisions
10. Electrical - wiring methods

Question 4

Hazard Identification Systems

Answer 4

Waste site - impossible to identify all hazards
JSA helpful in identifying hazards.
Commonly used id systems - NFPA National Fire Protection Signage and DOT package labels

Question 5

NFPA 704 System

Answer 5

3 areas of concern for first responders when addressing a potential fire issues
each colored area has a danger rating of 0 to 4 - 4 Red / Yellow / Blue / White - Diamond sign
being the highest level of concern # 4

Question 6

Blue - Health hazard

Answer 6

4 materials that on Very short exposure can cause death or major residual injury even through prompt medical treatment was given
3 short exposure can cause serious temporaty or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment was given
2 intense or continued exposure can cause temp icapation or risidual injury without prompt medical treatment
1 materials that on exposure would cause irritation or only minor injury even if no treatment were given
0 materilas that on expose under fire conditions woud offer no hazard other than that of ordinary combustible material

Question 7

REd - Flamability Hazzard

Answer 7

4 materials that 1. - rapidly vaporize at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperatures and burn readily or 2 . readily dispersed in air and burn readily

3. liquids and solids materials that can be ignited under all ambient temperatures
4. materials that must moderately heated or exposed to high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur
5. materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur
6. materials that will not burn

Question 8

Yellow - Reactivity Hazard

Answer 8

4. materials those that are readily detonation or explosive decomposition reaction at normal temperatures and pressures
5. materials 1. detonation explosive reaction but require a strong initiative source 2. must be heated under confinement before initiation 3. react explosively with water
6. materials that 1 are unstable and go under violent chemical change but do not detonate 2 or may react violent with water 3 may form potential explosive mixtures with water
7. materials that arenormally stable normally 1 become unstable with elevated temperatures but not violently
   0 materials that in themselves are normally stable even when exposed to fire and do not react with water.

Question 9

White - Special Information

Answer 9

This is dedicated to special information about a chemical present It may indicate that a material chemical is raidoactiveor water reactive with symbols or a large W with a Slash through it.
NFPA 96

Question 10

DOT Labels

Answer 10

9 hazard classes are defined by the Department of transportation DOT - have cooresponding labels associated with them. some of the classes have subdivisions that are noted by a decimal and a subdividion number following the hazard class number. these labels should be found on all transported packages that contain hazardous materials. At a waste site these could be drums, tanks, laboratory boxes or compressed gas cylendars. labels indicate a general hazard but not specific names each label tells the name and number of the hazard class and uses unique color combinations to distinguish the classes from one another

Question 11

DOT Hazard Classes

Answer 11

Sample Hazard CLasses

See attachement in word

Question 12

Hazard recognition

Answer 12

Hazardous waste sites pose various health and safety concerns which can seriously inflict harm or death. It is nearly impossible to specifically address all hazards posed by the waste site due to the large number and variety or substances. Any specific location can contain 100s and even 1000s of chemicals. In addition workers are subject to dangers posed by disorderly physical environment of hazardous waste sites and the stress of working in protective clothing. The combination of these results in a working environment full of numerous hazards.

Question 13

Primary and Secondary Hazards

Answer 13

Many materials have more than one of these hazards associated with it. A secondary hazard or subsidiary hazard can be as important as dealing with the material as a primary hazard.
gasoline is a fire hazard because it is flamaable or a chemical hazard because it is an organic solvent and can cause illness if the vapors are inhaled or a significant quantity makes skin contact A worker must be aware of the multiple hazards of the material they deal with in order to deal with them. site personnel in order to maintain health and safety should constantly watch for any potential health and safely hazards and immediately report to their supervisors so that necessary precautions are taken

potential hazards for workers in construction include:

Falls (from heights)
Trench collapse
Scaffold collapse
Electric shock and arc flash/arc blast
Failure to use proper personal protective equipment
Repetitive motion injuries

Question 14

Ionizing Radiation

Answer 14

Alpha and beta particles as well as gamma rays are Radiological Hazards only monitoring detecting radiation - radiation association hazards.

Question 15

Chemical Health hazards

Answer 15

Many chemicals can affect our health. Health hazards cause long or short term effects on health. Corosive calss substances polychlorinated biphenols carcinogens irritants mutants teratagens asphyiants can be found at a hazardous work site. HAZARD Failure to recognize the hazards associated with chemicals can cause chemical burns, respiratiory problems fires and explosions

Question 16

Solutions

Answer 16

Maintain SDS for each chemical in the facility making it available and accessible at all time. in a language or format clearly understood at all times and personnell. Train employees about reading sds and understanding the chemicals and risks. have a written spill control plan. properly dispose of spilled materials. store chemicals safely and securely. Provide ppe.

Question 17

Chemical Physical Hazards

Answer 17

Physical hazards can cause physical injury by fire or explosion. can create additional hazards due to the for eg expolsion due to the mixing of chemicals . Such release can threaten the employess on site and the general public nearby.

Question 18

Fire and Explosions

Answer 18

many potential causes govern fires and explosions at hazardous waste sites are depending on the materials involved and the conditions to which the materials were subjected.

Question 19

Chemical Physical Hazards - combustible liquids, flammable gasses aerosols and liquids

Answer 19

ignited spontaneously these chemicals are hazardous when exposed to an inignition source or an oxidizer such as air. eg. cold hard distolate acetylene methane toluene and naphtha

Question 20

Chemical Physical Hazards - flamable solids

Answer 20

cause fire through friction absorbtion of moisture spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing if ignited a flamable solid can burn vigorously posing a serious hazard eg. trinitortulene napthlanene methal parathion

Question 21

Chemical Phyical Hazards - Explosives

Answer 21

an explosive causes a sudden almost instantaneous release of pressure gas and heat. when subjected to sudden shock heat or temperature
6 categories of explosives dependin on their particular behaviour
1.3 fire hazard blast hasard minor projection hazard or both
initiating explosives blasting agents grenades rocket engine propellant
explosive cable cutters

Question 22

Chemical Physical Hazards - Pyrophoric

Answer 22

Pyrophoric is a chemical that ignights compulsively in air at or below 130 Degrees F.. Eg. phosporous methyloluminium zinc trimethyl aluminium

Question 23

Chemical Physical Hazards - Oxidizers

Answer 23

instigate or promote combustion in other organic materials throughthe release of ocygen. THey do not burn another fuel must be present nitrates chlorine florine hydrogen peroxide permanganates hypoclorites

Question 24

Chemical Physical Hazards - Organic Peroxides

Answer 24

considered a structural derivitive of hydrogen peroxide. organic compounds fall in this category. oxidizer and fuel to supoort combustion and under conditions such as contamination elevated temperatures and friction they can act as contact explosives under condtions such as contamination instances include benzoyl peroxide isopropyl percarbonate tamyl peroxy pivalate t-butyl peracetate

Question 25

Chemical Physical Hazards - Unstable reactives

Answer 25

will vigorously polymerize decompose condence or become self reactive under conditions of shock from temperature this will cause a release of materials under pressure that will produce explosions under fire or heat eg. acetylene or vinyl chloride

Question 26

Chemical Physical Hazards - Water Reactives

Answer 26

chemicals in this group react with water to release a gas that is flamable and can be a health hazard. Water reactive chemicals can cause fire explosion or excessive pressure leading to container failure. Egs. sodium metal, sulfuric acid, vinyl chloride, arsine, and trifluorochloroethylene. explosions and fires may arise spontaneously

Question 27

Additional information

Answer 27

More commonly explosions and fire result from careless site activity. potential dangeous activity moving drums accidentally mxing incompatible chemicals or introducing an ignition source into an flamable environment

Question 28

Additional information

Answer 28

To eliminate explosions and fires the site health and safe plan and healty plan must contain these procedures. Allow only qualified personnel to field monitor explosive atmospheres and flamable vapors. use propert precautins when staging and storing flamable materials. keep all potential ignition sources away from a explosive or flamable environment obtain a hot work permit prior to conducting any operation that could such as grinding cutting or metal producing sparks use non sparking explosive proof equipment grounded equipment follow safe work practices that may result in the agitation or relase of chemicals

Question 29

Safety Checklists

Answer 29

be cautions and seek help about a potential hazard a list of hazardous substances used in the workplace is maintained and available at the worksite a written hazard communication program SDS labeling and employee training each container of a hazardous substance vats bottles and storage tanks is labeled communication the specific health and physical hazards as required by OSHA DOT and the united nations there is an effective employee training program for hazardous substances

Question 30

Oxygen Deficiency

Answer 30

the oxygen content of normal air is at sea level @ 21 % physiological effects are apparent when the oxygen concentration is 16% these affects include impaird attention increased breathing and heart rate. When the oxygen concentration is below 16% can result in nausea vomiting and brain damage heart damage loss of consciousness and death to account for individual physiological responses as well as errors in measurement for OSHA requires the use of supplied air respiratiors at concentrations of 19.5% or lower.

Question 31

Additional information

Answer 31

Oxygen deficiency can happen from displacement of oxygen by another gas or the consumption of oxygen by a chemical reaction. Low lying areas are particularly vulnerable to oxygen deficiency. must be monitored prior to entering if the conditions remain the area must be continuously monitored and supplied air respirators must be used only qualified field personnel can be authorized to monitor the oxygen levels.

Question 32

Site and Equipment Hazards

Answer 32

Every day objects and conditions can cause site hazards. Holes, ditches, broken objects and glass. Although some hazards can seem small they can have serious consequences. Other hazards can be noise, startled or shocked. an exposed live wire can lead to electrocution or shock

Question 33

Noise

Answer 33

Excessive noise is often created during work with heavy equipment. If workers are unable to communicate and are distracted the chance of injury increases. When they need to raise their voices it is a chance that the noise levels have exceeded OSHA's PEL TWA further monitoring should be done and a plan to reduce the problem'; *Adverse affects of noice - troubled workers, annoyed or distracted the chances of injuries increase a plan to reduce exposure developed *physical damage to the ear pain and temporary or permanent hearing loss *inability to communicate intrusion

Question 34

Electrical Hazards

Answer 34

Hazardous waste sites require electricity for lights cooling equipment and tools. Proper precautions are necessary to Avoid electocution and shock

Question 35

Prevent Electrical Accidents

Answer 35

in order to avoid electrical accidents Pre planning as well as worker hazard awareness locate burried cable and nnote locate of overhead lines prior to using heavy equipment isolate and cut off power eto downed power lines instruct workers on use of electrical tools Asusre proper classification of tools when hazards are present use explosion proof lighting in an area with flamables

Question 36

Other site hazards

Answer 36

a function of the work itself heavy equipment protective equipment which impairs a workers ability power tools can create a hazard when used improperly without safety guards or precautions

Question 37

Physical Hazard

Answer 37

physical hazard related incidents injure workers and create additional hazards an accident could lead to danger of explosion due to the mixture of chemicals lookout for safety hazards and inform supervisors of any new hazards so the proper precautions can be taken

Question 38

Environmental Hazards

Answer 38

Heat Stress the workers wearing protective clothing can suffer heat stress. the same protective materials reduce the ability of the body to release the heat and moisture so ppe can create a hazardous condition. depending on the ambient conditions and the work performed, heat stress can occur very rapidly within as little as 15 minutes

Question 39

Heat stress

Answer 39

in order to protect against heat stress workers should follow procedures avoid overheating useing appropriate type of ppe Train personnel who wear ppe frequently monitor through commujnication carefully schedule work and rest periods drink plenty of liquids conduct operations that are appropriate for the season

Question 40

Cold exposure

Answer 40

Exposure to low temperatures and wind chill temperaturs can cause injury frrost bite hypothermia frost bite - sudden whitening of the skin to cold pale and solid skin hypothermia can result from exposure freezing rapidly dropping temperature and to prolonged cool and wet temperatures

Question 41

Prevention of cold exposure

Answer 41

``` to protect from cold exposure wear appropriate clothing make a warm shelter readily available carefully schedule work and rest periods monitor worker's physical conditions ```

Question 42

Other enironmental hazards

Answer 42

- plants such as poison ivy cause severe allergeic reactions - poisonous insects bees and wasps hornets - snakes and other animals that bite - insects such as tics cause severe illness inform physician and those responsible for administering first aid on site

Question 43

Biological hazards

Answer 43

pathogens are biological organisms that capable of infecting or transmitting diseases to humans bacteria, virus or fungi are present in waste from hospitals or medical facilities It is important to protect against biological hazards

Question 44

Hospitals biological hazards

Answer 44

Hospitals and research facilities biological waste is placing it in incinterators or auto claves biologigical waste is dispised of by placing it and waste is to be incinerated is packed in solid red plastic bags if this is found contact those who created or packaged the waste

Question 45

Blood borne diseases

Answer 45

hepatitis B or HIV - know what to do before an emergency occurs - Do not clean up blood or body fluids unless you have been trained in how to do so. - wash hands and remove any ppe before eating drinking smoking or touching yourself contact lenses

Question 46

Bloodborne Pathogens

Answer 46

OSHA standard to mitigate the risk of contacting bloodborne pathogens in the workplace Hep B and HIV OSHA CFR 29 1910.1030 required - written esposure program when employers can be exposed as part of their duties

Question 47

Exposure Control Program ECP

Answer 47

Engineering Controls - sharps disposal containers and self sheathing needles Handwashing faciliteis Providing an adequate supply of running potable water soap and hand drying machines single use towels Work Practice controls including PPR that eliminate ee exposure Universal precautions all substances human body fluids are to be treatesd as infectious.

Question 48

Hepatitis B Virus HBV

Answer 48

HBV - Affects the liver serious or fatal problems Cirossis Liver cancer Chronic liver disease Some are asymptomatic and are carriers and can exist up to 7 days and is a hazard to an exposed individual HPV is hardier than HIV

Question 49

Human Immunodifficiency Virus HIV

Answer 49

cause AIDS attacking the body's immune response. symptoms can be fever loss of apetite weight loss and skin rashes unusual types of cancer of infections like pneumonia that the body cannot supress