hazard management (tectonics) Flashcards
what are the four hazard management stratergies
- Monitoring
- Planning
- Protection
- Prediction
what are the monitoring methods?
seisometers , lasers & tiltmeters and gas sensors
how do seismometers detect possible volcanic eruptions or earthquakes?
seisometers detect any slight change in earth movements and can detect the slightest tremour
how do lasers or tiltmeters detect volcanic eruptions?
tiltmeters detect deformation in land which may indicate rising magma
how can gas sensors monitor possible volcanic eruptions or earthquakes?
they highlight an increase in the release of sulfuric and radon gases which scientists believe are released before an eruption or earthquake takes place
how do groundwater levels help with monitoring earthquakes?
changes in groundwater levels have been detected to occur before and earthquake occurs so by monitoring these levels earthquakes can also be monitored
why is it beneficial to monitor volcanoes?
allows for more accurate prediction of eruptions which in turn means areas can be evacuated in good time and exclusion areas can be determined
what can not be monitored or predicted with volcanoes?
the timings of the volcanic eruption can not be accurately predicted
true or false? : we can predict earthquakes
false - we can not predict earthquakes accurately only monitor seismic activity and changes
what can a country or area do to protect itself from a volcano?
enforce exclusion and evacuation zones and strengthen roofs and buildings to protect from falling ash
what can be done in order to protect against earthquakes?
aseismic building strategies , education eg drop , cover and hold on procedures and sea walls to protect against tsunamis
what are examples or aseismic building strategies?
shatter proof glass windows , shutters on windows , flexible foundations and reinforced steel braces
how can areas plan for future volcanic eruptions and earthquakes?
hazard mapping , evacuation plans , education , stockpiling and specialist training to emergency services
how does hazard mapping aid planning for future tectonic events?
can identify areas at greater risk meaning people can be moved or building restricted in those areas, particularly essential buildings (hospitals) and transport
why do levels of hazard management vary between different countries who are at risk?
development and funding - LICs have less money and technology to invest into hazard management stratergies than HICs
