Haz Mat Flashcards
Types of breaches:
Attachments ( such as pressure relief devices, discharge valves, or other related equipment) fail, open, or break off when subjected to stress, leading to a total failure of a container.
Attachment (closures) Open or Break
A 15,432 lb blast could cause severe injury and death from building collapse out to ____ feet
328
Considering the very low vapor pressures, _____ agent vapors will not travel far under Normal conditions.
Nerve
______ is made from castor beans
Ricin
Chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with oxygen
Oxidation
A chemical that is known to react to another chemical or compound in a specific way. Often used to detect or synthesize another chemical.
Reagent
The contaminants involved at the incident determine the ___ and ______ of technical Decon.
Type and Scope
_________ are substances that affect the oxygenation of the body and generally lead to Suffocation
Asphyxiants
Standard on Protective clothing for Emergency Medical Operations
NFPA 1999
Conducting Triage: Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4
Life Threatening injuries and illnesses ( Highest Priority)
Serious, but not life threatening injuries
Minor Injuries
Dead or fatally injured
_____ is a colorless, Non-flammable gas that has the odor of Freshly Cut Hay. Vapor density is much ______ than air. Boiling point is ___ den making it an extremely volatile and non persistent agent.
Phosgene
Heavier
47 degrees
That organizational level having responsibility for a Specified Functional Assignment at an incident.
Group
_______ are materials that are added to products that easily polymerize in order to control or prevent an undesired reaction.
Inhibitors
Most (but not all) flammable liquids have a specific gravity ____ ____ 1 and, if not soluble, will float on water.
Less than
_______ _______ inhibitors are added to liquid _______ when it is shipped in order to prevent the ______ from polymerizing during transport.
Time sensitive
Styrene
Three incident based elements:
Value, Time and Size
A ______ _______ is a system of organizing personnel into workgroups in such a manner that each member has a buddy or partner, so that nobody is working alone.
Buddy System
Material that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging is in a liquid phase and at a temperature at or above ______ _____ _____
Elevated temperature material
A device called a _____________ tube that is attached to the crystal provides the light amplification.
Photomultiplier tube
The maximum pressure under which in atmospheric tank is capable of holding its contents is ____psi
0.5 psi
_______ is the most reactive of all the chemical elements.
Fluorine
Process of deconing Large numbers of people in the fastest possible time to reduce surface contamination to a safe level.
Mass Decon
Low Volatility persistent chemical agent that is absorbed through skin contact and inhaled as a vapor.
Cyclohexyl Sarin (GF)
The Third Section, _____ ______, describes emergency response topics, including precautions for incidents involving Fire, Spills or Leaks, and First Aid.
Emergency Response
Types of breaches:
Welded seam on a tank or drum fails or a seam on a bag of fertilizer rips.
Split or tear
Kills most of the microorganisms present
Disinfection
A ____ spill is one that involves a spill from a large package or multiple spills from many small packages.
Large
Process of removing large particles of contaminant or contaminated materials such as mud from boots or other PPE
Brushing and scraping
Any material that possesses an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of persons and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling storage manufacture processing and packaging use disposal for transportation
Hazardous material
Standard for Professional Competence of responders to Hazardous Materials/weapons of mass destruction incidents
NFPA 472
Dispersion Patterns:
Triangular shaped pattern of a hazardous material with a point source at the breach and a wide base down range
Cone
The maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute exposure period (maximum of four such periods per day, with as least 60 minutes between exposure periods, provided the daily TLV TWA is not exceeded)
Threshold Limit Value Short Term Exposure LImit
Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Open Circuit Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
NFPA 1852
A regulatory limit on the amount or concentration of a substance in the air
Permissible Exposure Limit
The maximum concentration allowed for a 15 minute exposure period
Short term exposure limit
The management system is designed to provide direction from the top down and is expanded on an as needed basis according to the size and complexity of the incident.
Modular Organization
The Fire Point temp is usually slightly ______ than the Flash Point
Higher
Special purpose foam concentrates that are similar to Class A foams. Low Water Content
High Expansion Foam
Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management Systems
NFPA 1561
Any chemical that ionizes (break down) to yield hydrogen ions in water
Acid
_________ is considered a Tech Level Offensive containment tactic by many experts.
Neutralization
Collection, Preservation, and Sampling of evidence will be performed under the direction of ____ ________ per established procedures
Law Enforcement
Non ambulatory victims not within line of sight are the _____ to be rescued form the Hot Zone.
Last
10% of the IDLH
Levels of Concern
FBI Response Phases:
During this phase, law enforcement Removes hostile threats
Tactical phase
Usually Volatile, Non-persistent chemical agent Mainly INhaled
Sarin (GB)
Process that takes a hazardous liquid and treats it chemically so that it turns into a solid.
Solidification
Usually Moderately volatile chemical agent that can be inhaled or absorbed through skin contact.
Soman (GD)
________ detectors are most useful when detection of very small amounts of radiation is required
Scintillation
Clothing designed to shield or isolate individuals from the chemical, physical, and biological hazards that may be encountered during operations involving hazardous materials.
Chemical Protective Clothing
_____ ______ is the ratio of the density (heaviness) of a material to the density of some standard material at standard conditions of pressure and temperature.
Specific Gravity
US EPA Levels of protection:
Highest level of protection against vapors, gases, mists, and particles for the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Meets NFPA 1991 requirements.
Level A
________, which is a chemical reaction in which a catalyst causes simple molecules to combine to form long chain molecules.
Polymerization
Standard on Protective Ensembles for First responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents
NFPA 1994
Industry terms used to describe air contaminants:
Finely divided liquid suspended in the atmosphere.
Mist
OSHA identifies _____ levels above the operations level
Three
Hazmat technician, Hazmat
specialist, on scene incident commander
Heat Illness caused by exposure to excessive heat;symptoms include weakness, cold and clammy skin, Heavy Perspiration
Heat Exhaustion
An initial assessment conducted by carefully walking through the scene to evaluate the situation, recognize potential evidence, and determine resources required; also a final survey conducted to ensure the scene has been effectively and completely processed.
Walk Through
The _______ section serves as the IC’s clearinghouse for incidents.
Planning
Types of breaches:
Container suffers a general loss of integrity such as a glass bottle shattering or a grenade exploding.
Disintegration
Protection Strategy: Distance
Inverse Square Law-When the Radius______, the radiation spreads over _____ times as much area.
Doubles
Four
Colorimetric tube devices are known to have a significant error rate of ___-___%
25-35%
For example, a single fire unit assigned to rescue activities and provided with chemical protective clothing will require at least ____ trained members in order to enter the affected area.
5
2 entry, 2 back up, at least 1 to staff Decon station.
Sampling:
This evidence is crucial to law enforcement personnel for criminal investigation and prosecution. In fact, at criminal hazMat/ WMD incidents, ________ ________ and ________ is the top priority after life preservation, hazard mitigation, and the environment.
Evidence Preservation and Sampling
When ______ ______ AFFF concentrates are applied to Polar solvents fuels, they create a membrane between the fuel and the finished foam.
Alcohol Resistant AFFF
An _______ to the sampler (or clean person) who handles only clean equipment and provides it to the sampler when needed.
Assistant
_____ is typically a White crystalline powder with a distinctive acrid smell.
TATP
The process of dissolving a gas in water is called ________
Dissolution
Decisions weighing the life safety of responders versus the life safety of the public must be based upon a careful ___________
Risk/Benefit Analysis
_______ is the function of directing, ordering, and controlling resources by virtue of explicit legal, agency, or delegated authority.
Command
Cryogenic liquid take cars carry low pressure (usually below ___psi) refrigerated liquids
Below 25 psi
Risk based response strategies are based upon the _______ present at the incident.
Hazards
Chlorine itself is not flammable, but it can react explosively or form explosives compounds with other chemicals such as _______ and _______
Turpentine and Ammonia
Types of breaches:
Mechanical stress coming into contact with a container causes a _______.
Puncture
_______ can cause Trauma that occurs as a result of the Direct Contact with an object.
The two most common types are ______ and _____
Mechanical hazards
Striking; Friction
FBI Response Phases:
During this phase, Life Safety objectives are met and the scene is stabilized and secured.
Operational Phase
______ _______ zones provide for the scene control required at HazMat and terrorist incidents to protect responders from interference by unauthorized persons, help regulate movement of first responders within the zones, and minimize contamination.
Hazard Control
_____ ______ tactics are used to Contain product in its original container, thereby preventing it from escaping. Most ____ _____ tactics are Offensive, performed by HazMat Techs and Specialist.
Leak Control
Leak Control
13 chemicals that have a vapor density LIGHTER than air.
4H MEDIC ANNA
Hydrogen Methane Acetylene
Hydrogen Cyanide. Ethylene. Neon
Helium. Diborane Nitrogen
Hydrogen Fluoride. Illuminating Gases Ammonia
Carbon Monoxide
Colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor. Mixes with water to form Hydrochloric Acid.
Hydrogen Chloride
Device used to measure an individual’s Exposure to an environment hazard such as radiation or sound
Dosimeter
US regulations in title 29 CFR 1910. 120 for cleanup operations involving hazardous substances in emergency response operations for release of hazardous substances
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response
Hazwoper
Low pressure storage tanks that have pressures between ____ to ____ psi
0.5 to 15 psi
Kills ALL microorganisms present. Accomplished with chemicals, steam, heat, or radiation
Sterilization
If temperatures are ___ F or lower, considerations should be given to protecting victims from the cold.
64F
Also called a Violent Rutpture, can occur when a liquid within a container is heated, causing the material inside to boil or vaporize.
BLEVE
_______ distances are provided in the bullet points immediately below the public safety section heading
Isolation
Standard on Selection, Care, Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural FireFighting and Proximity FireFighting
NFPA 1851
High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters used for medical emergencies must be ____% efficient.
Particulate Removing Filters
99.97%
A planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.
Technical Decon
____ is used to set dose limits for emergency responders
Rem
Molten aluminum, for example, is generally shipped at temperatures above ______
1300°F
____ ______ is the pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container, or more simply, it is the pressure produced or exerted by the vapors released by a liquid.
Vapor Pressure
Like PID’s, _______ ______ _______ are used when relatively small concentrations of contaminates are known or suspected.
Flame Ionization Detectors
The _______ of a substance is its relative ability to undergo a chemical reaction with another material.
Reactivity
The US FBI identifies ____ response phases at criminal HazMat/WMD Incidents.
Four
GEBMO (General Emergency Behavior Model) is basically a ________ mode action that is concerned with potential hazmat emergencies involving containers.
Defensive
Written order, in the name of the People, State, Province, Territory, or Commonwealth signed by a magistrate (or Judge), Commanding a peace officer to search for personal property or other evidence and return it to the magistrate.
Search Warrant
A chemical injury at the site of contact is termed a ____ _____ _____
Local toxic effect
Field screen samples to test for at a minimum: ERFOCV
Explosives Radioactives Flammability Oxygen Corrosives Volatiles
Tank cars carry the bulk of the hazardous materials transported by rail. Some railroad tankcars have capacities in excess of 30,000 gallons
30,000 gallons
At a minimum, all samples must be labeled with date, time, sample number, sample, and locations of sample site.
Date, Time, Sample number, sample, and locations of sample site
If a crime in the US is determined to be a terrorist attack, investigative authority will shift to the ____. Depending on the drug and quantities involved, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) will investigate crimes involving illegal drugs.
FBI
Use a ____ to detect Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s have High Vapor Pressure Under Normal conditions)
PID
When water streams are used to disperse gas being released under pressure, The _____ and ______ of the water streams must exceed the ____ and ______ of the escaping gas.
Mass and Velocity
Condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk
Hazard
_______ is a physical and/or chemical event occurring during contact between materials that have an attraction for each other.
Absorption
Elapsed time between the movement of an air sample into a monitoring/detection device and the reading provided to the user. Also called response time
Instrument Reaction Time
The allowable time-weighted average concentration
8 hour day or 40 hour workweek
Threshold Limit value Time Weighted average
Process of controlling the flow of a spill and capturing it at some specific location.
Confinement
Protection Strategy: Time
Rule of Seven- For every sevenfold increase in time, the radioactivity level due to fall out decreases by a factor of __
10
Most biological agents and toxins fall under the United Nations/US DOT Hazard Class ___. CDC divides potential biological agents into 3 categories: A,B, & C. __ agents have the highest priority because they include organisms that pose a risk to national sercurity.
6.2
A agents
Incident beyond the capabilities of the first responders on the scene and may be beyond the capabilities of the first response agency/organization having jurisdiction.
May require a formal Haz Mat Response Team
Level 2 incident
_____ _____ is the weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Vapor Density
One of the most important functions of an incident management system is to provide a means of _____ ______ ______ ____ ________ assigned to the incident. Responsibility of the IC.
Tracking all personnel and equipment
Types of Releases:
Immediate Release of chemical or mechanical energy caused by runaway cracks.
Violent Rupture
Written notes, audio/videotapes, printed forms, sketches and/or photographs that form a detailed record of the scene, evidence recovered, and actions taken during the search of the crime scene.
Documentation
2 general categories of detectors:_______ _______ detectors and ___________ detectors
Gas Filled detectors
Scintillation Detectors
Likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard.
Risk
IM 102 Portable tanks:
Designed to handle maximum allowable working pressures of 14.5 to 25.4 psi
14.5 to 25.4 psi
3 Classes of Ensembles:
Intended for use at terrorism incidents involving Biological or Radiological particulate hazards where the concentrations are BELOW IDLH levels permitting the use of CBRN compliant APR or PAPR. Ensembles are NOT tested against chemical vapor or liquid permeability, gas tightness, and liquid integrity.
Class 4 Ensembles
Low Volatility persistent chemical agent that can remain on. Material, equipment, and terrain for long periods; main route of entry is through the skin but also through inhalation of the substance as a vapor
V-Agent (VX)
__% drop in Oxygen is Equivalent to ______PPM of something else in the air
1%
50,000 ppm
A Writ (written order) issued by a competent magistrate (or Judge) authorizing an officer to make an arrest, a seizure, or a search or to do other acts incident to the administration of justice.
Warrant
Personnel trained to the awareness and operations core levels perform only _________ tasks at hazmat incidents
Defensive
Heat Illness caused by heat exposure, resulting in failure of the body’s heat regulating mechanism; symptoms include a high fever of ____ to ____
Heat Stroke
105-106
One source of gamma radiation in the environment is naturally occurring _______
Potassium – 40
Reddish brown Gas or Yellowish brown liquid, which is highly toxic and corrosive
Nitrogen Dioxide
Potassium Iodide starch paper can be used to test the oxidizing potential of unknown chemicals. The paper changes from White to _____/_____, ______, or ______ when contacting Oxidizing materials.
Blue/Violet, Purple, or Black
The Higher the Temperature of a substance, The _____ the vapor pressure will be.
Higher
Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems
NFPA 1982
An ______ _______ report should be written after each incident, with input from all involved and a copy furnished to all participating agencies/departments.
After Action Report
Entails the overall direction and goals of the incident.
Strategic level
Typically, a liquid chemical agent is considered Persistent if it remains for longer than ________
24 hours.
Specific Operations that must be accomplished to achieve strategic goals.
Tactical Objectives
Pressure vessels have pressures of ___ psi or greater.
15+ psi
NIOSH classifies SAR’s as Type __ respirators
C
Unit for expressing concentrations of chemicals in the air
Micrograms of materials per liter of air
Incident requires resources from state/provincial agencies, federal agencies, and/or private Industry and also requires unified command.
Most Serious
Level 3 Incident
Most common type of IED found in the US. Can be anywhere from 4-14 inches in length. They can throw shrapnel up to ____ feet.
Pipe bombs
300 feet
Physical Evidence that results from the transfer of small quantities of materials.
Trace Evidence
Expression of dose used in Oral and Dermal toxicology resting to denote grams of a substance dosed per kilogram of animal body weight
Grams per Kilogram
Temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning.
Fire point
The type of ______ determines the defensive measures needed to control it.
Dispersion
A substance that influences the rate of chemical reaction between or among other substances
Catalyst
________ are chemicals that cause a substantial portion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction after one or more exposures to the chemical
Sensitizers
Minimum concentration of an Inhaled substance in the gaseous state that will be fatal to the test group.
Lethal Concentration
Industry terms used to describe air contaminants:
Suspension of particles that form when materials from a volatilized (vapor state) solid condenses in cool air. In most cases, the solid, smoke-like particles resulting from the condensation react with air to form an oxidizer.
Fume
____ _____, _____ _____ are liquids at ambient temperatures and dispersed as an aerosolized liquid (vapor).
______ ______ are generally Clear and Colorless
Nerve Gas, Nerve Agents
Nerve Agents
______ ______ is the volume of finished foam that results from a unit volume of foam solution.
Expansion Ratio
A cryogenic liquid tank car is in the tank within a tank category with a Stainless Steel inner tank supported within a strong outer tank
Stainless steel
Turning equipment found at an elicit lab on or off may also be a trigger for booby traps. In addition, electrical pumps such as those used in cooling baths in Red Phosphorous meth labs Should be Left ___ to continue the circulation of cooling water.
Should be left on
The _____ Zone (also called Support Zone) surrounds the Warm zone and is used to carry out all logistical support functions of the incident.
Cold
Standard for competencies for EMS personnel responding to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction incidents
NFPA 473
Ultra high energy particles that have a Physical Mass but have No Electrical Charge
Neutron
All evidence must be handled and moved to an evidence custodian for documentation into the evidence chain in accordance with the law enforcement AHJ’s ___________
Chain of Custody
________ ________ involves those actions necessary to return the resource force to a level of Pre-incident readiness.
Operational Recovery
A minimum of ___ individuals are recommended for a sampling team
Two
The effects of ionizing radiation occurred at the ______ level
Cellular
Contact with a substance by swallowing, breathing, or touching the skin or eyes
Exposure
Airline respirator; Because of the potential for damage to the air supply hose, the EBSS provides enough air, usually 5,10,15 minutes worth, for the user to escape a hazardous atmosphere.
Supplied Air Respirator
Individual with the training and expertise to provide competence assistance and direction at HazMat and WMD incidents
Allied Professional
Colorless, odorless, Heavier than air gas that neither supports combustion nor burns.
Carbon Dioxide
