Have to Know These

Question 1

Absolute Poverty

Answer 1

Poverty wherein people do not have enough resources to acquire basic life necessities such as shelter, food, clothing, and water.

Question 2

Absolute Threshold

Answer 2

The minimum of stimulus energy needed to activate a sensory system.

Question 3

Accommodation

Answer 3

Process by which existing schemata are modified to encompass new information.

Question 4

Acetylcholine

Answer 4

Neurotransmitter associated with voluntary muscle control.

Question 5

Achieved Status

Answer 5

Status gained as a result of direct, individual action.

Question 6

Acquisition

Answer 6

In classical conditioning - the process of taking advantage of reflexive responses to turn a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus.

Question 7

Adaptation

Answer 7

In perception - a decrease in stimulus perception after a long duration of exposure.

In learning - the process by which new information is processed; consists of assimilation and accommodation.

Question 8

Adaptive Value

Answer 8

The extent to which a trait benefits a species by influencing the evolutionary fitness of the species.

Question 9

Ageism

Answer 9

Prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person’s age.

Question 10

Aggression

Answer 10

A behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase relative social dominance; can be physical or verbal.

Question 11

Alcohol Myopia

Answer 11

The inability to think about consequences and possible outcomes of one’s actions due to alcohol intoxication.

Question 12

Alertness

Answer 12

State of consciousness in which one is aware, able to think, and able to respond to the environment; nearly synonymous with arousal.

Question 13

Aligning Actions

Answer 13

An impression management strategy in which one makes questionable behavior acceptable through excuses.

Question 14

Alter-Casting

Answer 14

An impression management strategy in which one imposes an identity onto another person.

Question 15

Altruism

Answer 15

A form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at a cost to him- or herself.

Question 16

Amphetamine

Answer 16

A central nervous system stimulant that increases activity of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

Question 17

Amygdala

Answer 17

A portion of the limbic system that is important for memory ad emotion, especially fear.

Question 18

Anomie

Answer 18

A state of normlessness; anomic conditions erode social solidarity by means of excessive individualism, social inequality, and isolation.

Question 19

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 19

Disorders that involve worry, unease, fear, and apprehension about future uncertainties based on real or imagined events that can impair physical and psychological health.

Question 20

Appraisal Model

Answer 20

A similar theory to the basic model, accepting that there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced; accepts that there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression.

Question 21

Archetype

Answer 21

In Jungian psychoanalysis, a thought or image that has an emotional element and is a part of the collective unconsciousness.

Question 22

Arcuate Fasciculus

Answer 22

A bundle of axons that connects Wernicke’s area (language comprehension) with Broca’s area (motor function of speech).

Question 23

Arousal

Answer 23

A psychological and physiological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli; nearly synonymous with alertness.