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MYCOVIROLOGY MTAP 1 > Harr’s Medical Laboratory Science Review (VIROLOGY - CHAPTER REVIEW) > Flashcards

Harr’s Medical Laboratory Science Review (VIROLOGY - CHAPTER REVIEW) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Classification of viruses is made by:

A. Complement fixation serology
B. Electron microscopy
C. Nucleic acid composition
D. Cellular inclusion bodies

A

C. Nucleic acid composition

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2
Q
  1. The most common viral syndrome of pericarditis, myocarditis, and pleurodynia (pain upon breathing) is caused by:
    A. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
    B. Respiratory syncytial virus
    C. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
    D. Coxsackie B virus
A

D. Coxsackie B virus

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3
Q
  1. Which virus is the most common etiological agent of viral respiratory diseases in infants and children?

A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B. Measles virus
C. Coxsackie A virus
D. Coxsackie B virus

A

A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following viruses is implicated along with EBV as a cause of infectious mononucleosis?

A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
B. Coxsackie A virus
C. Coxsackie B virus
D. Hepatitis B virus

A

A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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5
Q
  1. The most common causes of viral pneumonia in adults are:

A. Influenza and adenovirus
B. Hepatitis A and B viruses
C. Coxsackie A and B viruses
D. Herpes simplex and CMV

A

A. Influenza and adenovirus

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5
Q
  1. A very small, single-stranded DNA virus that causes a febrile illness with a rash, and is called the fifth childhood disease after rubeola, rubella, varicella, and roseola is:

A. Rotavirus
B. Adenovirus type 40
C. Coxsackie A virus
D. Parvovirus B19

A

D. Parvovirus B19

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6
Q
  1. Which virus belonging to the Reoviridae group causes gastroenteritis in infants and young children but an asymptomatic infection in adults?

A. Coxsackie B virus
B. Rotavirus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus
D. Rhabdovirus

A

B. Rotavirus

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7
Q
  1. Which virus has been implicated in adult gastroenteritis resulting from ingestion of contaminated food (especially shellfish) and water?

A. Noroviruses (Norwalk-like viruses)
B. Rotavirus
C. Hepatitis C virus
D. Coronavirus

A

A. Noroviruses (Norwalk-like viruses)

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8
Q
  1. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by:

A. Acupuncture
B. Tattoos
C. Sexual contact
D. All of these options

A

D. All of these options

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9
Q
  1. Which virus is associated with venereal and respiratory tract warts and produces lesions of skin and mucous membranes?

A. Polyomavirus
B. Poxvirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Papillomavirus

A

D. Papillomavirus

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10
Q
  1. A clinical test used for the detection and identification of viral infections other than culture is:

A. Histology/cytology
B. Polymerase chain reaction/DNA probes
C. Serology
D. All of these options

A

D. All of these options

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11
Q
  1. Which technique is used for the confirmation of infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2?

A. Western blot (immunoblot) assay
B. ELISA
C. FDA-approved NAT
D. p24 Antigen testing

A

C. FDA-approved NAT

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12
Q
  1. A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of viral encephalitis. History revealed that the boy harbored wild raccoons from nearby woods. What is the best
    method to determine if the boy has contracted rabies?

A. Remove the brainstems from all of the raccoons and examine for cytopathic effects
B. Request immunofluorescent test for antibody on the saliva from all of the raccoons
C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in cutaneous nerve specimen obtained by nuchal biopsy
D. Isolate the virus from the saliva of both the animals and the patient

A

C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in cutaneous nerve specimen obtained by nuchal biopsy

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13
Q
  1. A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory distress, fever, myalgia, and headache. Influenza A or B was suspected after ruling out bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following methods could be used to confirm influenza infection?

A. EIA
B. RT-PCR
C. Direct examination of nasal epithelium for virus using fluorescent antibody stain
D. All of these options

A

D. All of these options

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14
Q
  1. The most rapid definitive diagnosis of a genital herpes simplex (HSV-2) infection in a 20-year-old man is made by using which method?

A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen in vesicle fluid
B. Titer of serum and seminal fluid for antibodies to herpes simplex
C. Detection of anti–herpes simplex in seminal fluid
D. Cell culture of vesicle fluid

A

A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen in vesicle fluid

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15
Q
  1. A 20-year-old female college student complained of a sore throat and extreme fatigue. The physician noted lymphadenopathy and ordered a rapid test for infectious
    mononucleosis antibodies that was negative. Bacterial cultures were negative, as were serological tests for influenza A and B, HIV-1, CMV, hepatitis B, and antistreptolysin O. What would be the next line of viral testing to establish a diagnosis?

A. Herpes simplex
B. Rubella
C. Epstein-Barr
D. West Nile

A

C. Epstein-Barr

16
Q
  1. A 60-year-old male gardener from New York State was hospitalized with flulike symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with encephalitis. While working in his garden, he had noticed several dead birds around his bird feeder. The region is known for heavy mosquito infestation. What is the most likely cause of his illness?
    A. West Nile virus
    B. Epstein-Barr virus
    C. Parvovirus
    D. Hantavirus
A

A. West Nile virus

17
Q
  1. A 30-year-old male patient, who was a contractor and building inspector in the southwestern United States, complained of
    difficulty breathing and was admitted to the hospital with severe respiratory disease. The physician noted a high fever and cough. Two days earlier, the patient had inspected an old abandoned warehouse that was infested by rodents. The patient was given intravenous antibiotics, but 2 days into therapy, the pneumonia worsened, leading to pulmonary edema. Which organism should be suspected of causing his illness?

A. Hantavirus
B. Rotavirus
C. West Nile virus
D. Norovirus (formerly Norwalk-like virus)

A

A. Hantavirus

18
Q
  1. A 3-year-old female child was admitted to the hospital following a 2-day visit with relatives over the Christmas holidays. Vomiting and diarrhea left her severely dehydrated. No other
    members of the family were affected. All bacterial cultures proved negative. A stool sample should be tested for which virus?

A. CMV
B. EBV
C. Hepatitis D
D. Rotavirus

A

D. Rotavirus

19
Q
  1. A 25-year-old male patient was diagnosed with HIV-1 by using enzyme immunoassay; the patient tested positive twice, and the diagnosis was confirmed with RT-PCR. Which laboratory test(s) should be performed prior to initiating antiviral therapy and for monitoring during antiviral therapy?

A. Quantitative plasma virus concentration (viral load testing)
B. Quantitation of CD4 lymphocytes
C. Phenotype/genotype resistance testing
D. All of these options

A

D. All of these options

19
Q
  1. A 6-month-old male infant was hospitalized with a respiratory infection. He was diagnosed with apnea and bronchiolitis. Further testing revealed congenital heart disease. Bacterial cultures were negative for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. What viruses should be tested?

A. RSV
B. Rotavirus
C. Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus)
D. HIV

A

A. RSV

20
Q
  1. A young male hunter encountered a fox in his path during a walk in the woods. The fox was staggering but appeared nonthreatening. The man tried to avoid contact but was attacked and bitten on the leg. The bite broke the skin but was not deep. Wildlife officials were unable to locate the fox for testing. What
    procedure should be performed next for the hunter?

A. Spinal tap with CSF testing for rabies virus (Within 2 months)
B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies globulin and rabies vaccine
C. Biopsy of the wound site
D. Throat culture and blood culture (weekly)

A

B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies globulin and rabies vaccine

20
Q
  1. A 40-year-old female presented with a respiratory infection after returning home from a visit to her homeland of China. Rapid onset of pneumonia in the lower respiratory area prompted the physician to place her in isolation. She was diagnosed presumptively with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
    and placed on a respirator. What type of testing should be done next to diagnose this disease?

A. RT-PCR
B. Latex agglutination test
C. Blood culture
D. Complement fixation

A

A. RT-PCR

21
Q
  1. A 25-year-old pregnant female with genital lesions delivered a premature newborn with complications. The baby tested negative
    for bacterial infection (cultures of blood and urine). Antigen testing of the baby’s urine proved negative for group B streptococci and S. pneumoniae. The mother tested negative for
    bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and for group B streptococci. The baby was treated with acyclovir but failed to survive. What was the most likely cause of death?

A. CMV
B. HIV
C. RSV
D. HSV

A

D. HSV

22
Q
  1. A young father of two small children complained of a rash on the torso of his body. The children had been diagnosed with chickenpox and confined to their home. The father had experienced chickenpox as a child and knew he did not have the same rash as his children. What is the most likely cause of the
    father’s rash?

A. HSV 1
B. Varicella-zoster virus
C. HSV 2
D. EBV

A

B. Varicella-zoster virus

23
Q
  1. The organs of a 65-year-old male were donated soon after a fatal auto accident. Three recipients of his corneas and kidneys died within weeks after receiving his organs. Which of the following viruses most likely caused the death of these recipients?

A. Human immunodeficiency virus
B. Rabies
C. Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus)
D. Rotavirus

A

B. Rabies

24
Q
  1. SITUATION: A patient tested positive for HIV-1 infection with use of a RT-PCR method. However, 1 week later, a second blood sample was collected and sent to a reference laboratory, which performed a confirmatory Western blot test. The Western blot test was negative. What best explains these results?

A. The samples for RT-PCR and Western blot were not from the same patient
B. RT-PCR is more sensitive for early detection
C. The RT-PCR result was falsely positive
D. The RT-PCR test detected HIV-2 and the Western blot is specific for HIV-1

A

B. RT-PCR is more sensitive for early detection

25
Q
  1. While on a 7-day cruise to Vancouver and Alaska, a number of passengers reported to the ship’s medical staff complaining of vomiting and diarrhea. Which is the most likely virus to have infected these mainly adult passengers?

A. Rotavirus
B. Parainfluenza virus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus
D. Norovirus (Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses)

A

D. Norovirus (Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses)

26
Q
  1. SITUATION A pregnant women was seen by her obstetrician with signs of flulike illness during her second trimester. NAT was ordered for Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, CMV, and HSV-1 and -2. All test results were negative. However, after delivery, the newborn exhibited signs of an infection and failed to survive. Which virus in the mother causes a 90% transplacental infection rate?

A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis D
D. Hepatitis G

A

B. Hepatitis B

27
Q
  1. An immunocompromised patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic cystitis. Which combination of virus and specimen would be most appropriate to diagnose a viral cause of this disorder?

A. BK virus–urine
B. Human papilloma virus–skin
C. Hepatitis B virus–serum
D. Epstein–Barr virus–serum

A

A. BK virus–urine

28
Q
  1. Which of the following genera and RNA viruses listed is the cause of viral hemorrhagic fever displaying many filamentous shapes, such as “U” or “6” and circular forms while being viewed under the electron microscope?

A. Filovirus–Ebola virus
B. Flavivirus–West Nile virus
C. Picornavirus–poliovirus
D. Toga virus–western equine encephalitis virus

A

A. Filovirus–Ebola virus

29
Q
  1. Which of the following RNA flaviviruses is responsible for Guillain-Barre syndrome and birth defects of the brain (microcephaly, absent forehead, and triangular face shape) or poor outcomes in pregnant women and was first recognized in 2015 in Brazil?

A. West Nile virus
B. Hepatitis C virus
C. Zika virus
D. Dengue fever virus

A

C. Zika virus

30
Q
  1. Which of the following diseases, which are spread through direct contact and aerosols of the (RNA) coronovirus genera, was transmitted to hospital workers who were caring for infected patients in China, causing a severe acute respiratory illness that led to a worldwide outbreak in 2002?

A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
B. Encephalitis
C. Gastroenteritis
D. Liver necrosis

A

A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

31
Q
  1. A pregnant patient presented with symptoms similar to hepatitis A but tested negative. She had traveled to India most recently. Which of the following is the cause of a hepatitis infection with a high mortality rate (10%–20%) in pregnant women and is transmitted via the fecal–oral route?

A. Hepatitis B
B. Hepatitis E
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis D

A

B. Hepatitis E

MYCOVIROLOGY MTAP 1 (8 decks)

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