Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - 6

Question 1

Define population genetics

Answer 1

combines natural selection with mendelian genetics

Question 2

Define evolution

Answer 2

change in allele frequencies over time (across generations)

Question 3

Define population

Answer 3

a group of potentially interbreeding individuals and their offspring

Question 4

How do alleles change under ideal conditions of hardy weinberg equilibrium

Answer 4

they shouldn’t change meaning that the population hasn’t evolved

Question 5

What are the 5 assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 5

1. no mutation
2. no migration (gene flow between populations)
3. random mating
4. population is very large (no genetic drift)
5. no selection (all survive and have equal fitness)

Question 6

what does p^2 vs. p and q^2 vs. q represent

Answer 6

p^2 = probability of AA GENOTYPE
q^2 = probability of aa GENOTYPE
p = probability of A allele
q = probability of a allele
2pq = probability of Aa GENOTYPE

Question 7

How to calculate genotype frequencies and allele frequencies when there are more than 2 alleles

Answer 7

p^2 + q^2 + r^2 (homozygotes) + 2pq + 2pr + 2qr (heterozygotes) = 1

Question 8

How to determine if two populations are significantly different

Answer 8

Use chi-squared test
Sum of (O-E)^2/E
if x^2 is less than the p critical, then there is no significant difference and IS in hardy-weinberg equilibrium

Question 9

allele frequency is ____ of dominance

Answer 9

independent

Question 10

What happens if the assumptions of HWE are violated

Answer 10

it will lead to evolutionary change (changing the phenotype)