Hard facts Flashcards
What test did the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidlines replace?
LD 50 Test
Subacute multidose toxicity studies are how long?
28 days
Subchronic multidose toxicity studies are how long?
13 weeks
Chronic multidose toxicity studies are how long? (3 time frames)
26, 38 or 52 weeks
How many test groups are usually in a study?
4
How many rodents or non-rodents are in a subacute study?
10 rodents, or 2-3 non-rodents per sex (so 20 rodents or 4-6 non-rodents total)
What is a teratogen?
A substance that damages the fetus.
Reproductive studies tend to have 3 segments. What do these segments test?
Seg. 1: reproductive toxicity in male and female.
Seg.2: Fetal toxicity.
Seg. 3: Toxicity in newborn pups
1g= mL (only true w/ water)
1mL
What is a pyrogen?
A substance that creates a fever.
Blood from what organism is used to detect bacterial toxins (pyrogens) in LAL test?
Horseshoe crab
What is a LAL test and what does it do?
Limulus Amebocyte Test. Clumps in the pesence of toxin.
Nude mice lack (__) cells because the don’t have a (__).
t-cells, thymus
T-cells usually help with what type of immunity?
Cell-mediated immunity. they attack viruses, tumors, help w/ making antigen as well.
Athymic Rats don’t have (__) and therefore their immunity resembles (__).
Thymus, nude mice.
(_____) Mice lack both T and B Cells. This results in no cell-mediated immunity, antibodies or long-term immunity.
SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disorder)
Asplenic mice lack what?
a spleen
What strains of mice lack B-cells and are used to study heredity defects?
CBAN/N, XID
Biege mice lack what? (2 things)
Natural killer cells and cytotoxic properties.
Reporter proteins are:
Floresent probes used in bioluminescent technologies. Usually used w/ mice and zebra fish.
B Cells Produce which cells that make antibodies?
Plasma cells
What are polyclonal antibodies?
Copies of multiple antibodies produced by one plasma cell. Each antibody is a “clone”.
What three animals are commonly used in antibody research?
Rabbits, sheep and goats
What are the 2 most common needle curvatures?
1/2 and 3/8 circle.
What is the difference between conventional and reverse cutting needles?
Conventional cutting needles have the cutting edge on the inside of the curve, reverse cutting needles have the cutting edge on the outside of the needle.
Which needle combines the cutting and reverse cutting edges at the tip of the needle?
Tapered needle.
What is the most common scapel handle, also known as the ribbed-back?
Bard-parker scapel handle
Most commonly used blade that fits #3 handle
Size 10 blade
A size 20 blade is similar to what other blade in shape? What handle does it fit?
Similar in shape to size 10blade. Fits #4 handle
What blade has a small cutting blade for fine/delicate tissue and mouse surgery? What handle does it fit?
size 15 blade,# 3 handle
What blade has a straight edge w/ a fine point? Fits a #3 handle.
Size 11 blade
What are the 5 routes of infection?
1) inhalation, 2) skin (cuts/infection), 3) mucous membranes, 4)mouth/ingestion, 5) maternal tranmission
What is the term for removing embryos surgically from one mouse and implanting in a non-infected serrogate?
Rederivation
Hamsters can be non-symptomatic carriers of what disease?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitits
Herpes is fatal to what primate species?
Owl monkeys and marmosats. (herpes is *epidemic in people)
Epizootic is:
a sudden disease outbreak that affects a large number of animals.
Enzootic is: (comparible to endemic in ppl)
if a disease commonly occurs in multiple members of the population.
Clinical Disease is:
When the animal has visible signs.
No visible signs of a disease is:
Subclinical
A Paracute disease is:
sudden and severe
An acute disease is:
rapid onset and short duration
A Chronic disease is:
gradual onset and long duration
Pasturellosis is a ___ disease (infection) commonly seen in ___ that can’t be cured.
chronic, rabbits
Active Immunity
Response of the immune system in which Lymphocytes and antibodies are produced in reaction against an invading antigen.
Passive Immunity
From mother.
What is Transient Ataxia?
Ataxia brought on by tranquilizers or anesthetics.
Puritis
persistant itching
Enteritis
Swollen intestines leading to diahrea
Mating unrelated animals (mice) in a closed colony results in a “sterilized” genetic composition called what?
Outbred stocks
What are examples of outbred mice, supplied by Swiss Webster?
CD-1, ICR, CFW
At least 20 consecutive strains of brother/sister mating, which results in ____ strains of mice (animals).
Inbread
Examples of common inbred strains (6 listed)
BalbB/c (albino), C3H (agouti), C57BL/6 (black), DBA (brown, oldest strain), FVB (albino), 129 (light bellied agouti).
Hybrid Strains are a mix of 2 strains. If you mate 1 pair of a female C57BL/6, with a male C3H, what will the offsprings formula be?
B6C3F1
A mucus plug only stays in place for__.
24hrs
Weight gain in mice starts how many days into gestation?
13 days
Post-partum estrus can start how quickly after parturition in mice?
14-28 hrs
Mouse estrus is how often?
every 4-5 days
Mice gestation is how long?
19-21 days
Mice are born altricial. What does this mean?
They are hairless, with eyes and ears closed.
When do mice first open their eyes/ears and grow fur?
10-14 days after birth.
From BC1-BC5, which is obese and which is emaciated?
Emaciated BC1-Obese BC5
What are the key pts in each BC rating?
BC1- prominante skeleton and vetebral segments, BC2-vetebral column evident w/ pelvis palpable, BC3-well conditioned w/ palpable skeleton, BC4- ,BC5- smooth and bulky body, bone structur “dissapear”.
