Animal Related Facts Flashcards
Scientific name for Rat
Rattus Norvegicus
Common outbred rat breeds
Wislar (WI) albino Sprague Daulacy (SD) albino, grows fast, narrow head, long tail Long Evans (LE) smaller than other two, patches of black or brown fur on head. Nickname "hooded".
Common Inbred rat breeds
Lewis (LEW) used for immunology and diabetes research Fisher 344 (F344) albino, toxicology and birth defects (teratology) studies.
What is the most common type of hamster species used in research, whos scientific name is “Mesocricetus auratus”?
Syrian hamster
What studies are hamsters typically used in?
diabetes mellitus and heredity studies, cancer, genetics, caveties.
What less popular species of hamster is used in research, particularly hereditary studies?
The Chinese Hamster, scientific name: Crietulus griseus
Lymphatic tissue is not seen in what unique structure of the hamster?
Cheek pouches
What is unique about the hamster stomach?
There is a ‘ruminant’ non-glandular fore-stomach, and a glandular stomach. (1 stomach, 2 segments).
Hamsters have what type of organ on either side of their bodies, that is more obvious in males?
Flank organ
What is hand mating? A typical technique in hamster mating.
A female is placed in the males cage at the end of a light cycle. Mating will happen in 5 min if female is in estrus.
What is the scientific name for the guinea pig?
Cavia porcellus (nickname: cavies)
What studies are guinea pigs commonly used for?
vitamin C, immune system, infectious diseases, tuberculosis.
What is the most used outbred Guinea Pig species?
Dankin hartley (albino)
At what time period can Guinea pigs be bred?
60-90 days
At what age does dystocia occur more frequently in Guinea pig sows?
> 7months
How long is the Guinea pig estrus cycle?
about 16 days, lasts 6-11hrs
Do Guinea pigs have post-partum estrus?
yes
What is the litter size of a Guinea pig?
1-6 (usually 2-4 are born)
What is the length of Guinea pig gestation?
59-72 days, average 63
Guinea pig young are precocious. What does that mean?
they are porn w/ fur, eyes and ears open and the ability to walk happens quickly.
When are Guinea pig pups weaned?
18-24 days
Do guinea pigs barber?
Yes
Guinea pigs cannot eat rodent chow because they need to be supplemented what vitamin, not found in that food?
Vitamin C
Merriones Unguiculatus is the scientific name for what animal?
Mongolian gerbil
The Mongolian gerbil goes by what other names? (not scientific name).
Jird or dessert rat
Is it ok to feed Gerbils rodent chow?
yes
What are the 4 animals that go through post partum estrus?
Mice, rats, guinea pigs, gerbils
What neurological condition are gerbils prone to?
Seizures
What studies are gerbils typically used for?
Stroke and epilepsy studies
Are gerbils typically harem bred?
No, gerbils are monogomous
Both male and female gerbils have a dark yellow marking on their ventral midline, what is it called?
Ventral marking gland.
Rabbits are typically used in what studies?
antibody production, drug screening, screening for pyrogens (fever causing compunds), atherosclerosis.
Oryctolagus cunniculus is the scientific name for which species of rabbit, typical for lab research?
New Zealand White rabbit
For mating, which sex of rabbit is brought to the others cage, to avoid aggressive behaviours?
The doe (female) must be brought to the buck’s (male) enclosure.
Which 3 species of lab animals are induced ovulators?
Rabbits, cats, ferrets
What is the length of the rabbit estrus cycle?
No true estrus cycle
What is the term for rabbit parturition?
kindling
When are young rabbits (kits) weaned from the mother?
4-6 weeks
The scientific name for cats is:
Felis domesticus
The scientific name for dogs is:
canis familiaris
Feline estrus cycles are seasonal, happening every __ months.
6 months
Cats can be very sensitive to their food bowls, causing breakouts (cat acne) if not cleaned enough. How often should their bowls be cleaned?
Daily by hand, machine washed twice a week.
What studies are dogs typically used for?
heart disease and orthopedic studies.
What is the most prevalent dog breed used in research?
beagles
How frequent is dog estrus, and how long does it last?
Estrus is every 6 months, lasts about 2-3 weeks.
What is the minimum requirement for sanitizing dog runs?
Canine enclosures should be sanitized at LEAST every 2 weeks.
What are the most common species of old world primates used in research? (3)
Rhesus (Macca mulatta)
Cynomolguss (Macca fascicularis)
Baboons (papio)
What are the most common new world monkeys? (3)
Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri) Owl Monkey (Aotus) Marmoset (Callithrix)
What is the most common primate restraint? (hint: chemical restraint).
Ketamine hydrochloride
What types of mating are used with primates?
Both harem and paired mating are common
Old world monkeys estrus cycle is similar to (1) while new world monkeys estrus cycle is similar to (2).
1) humans, 2) other animals.
What is an accessory sex organ of the rheus monkey?
Red sex skin
What are characteristics necessary of primate enclosures?
1) Sturdy enough to resist constant break attempts
2) padlocks &
3) Combination locks
4) Must satisfy experimental & husbandry requirements.
How often must primate cages be sanitized?
Every 2 weeks.
If housed together, how large may primate groups be?
6-10
Where is TB testing done on primates?
Eyelid
How long must primates be quarantined when first brought into the facility?
31-60 days. Long term quarantine is 90 days.
What vitamin are primates (including humans) defeicient in, must be provided in food.
Vitamin C
Swine Scientific Name
Sus scrofa
What studies are swine used in?
Surgery, cardiac transplant, atherosclerosis, among others
Name 3 most used swine breeds in research.
Yorkshire, Duroc, Yucatan
Popular swine restraints
v-trough and snare
What is the pamepinto sling?
Hammock used to suspend animal for restraint (usually swine, can be sheep). Has fuzzy lining for comfort.
Terris confinement
small, metal, pen-like enclosure w/ doors at each end used for swine restraint.
How often can sows (swine) breed, and at what age?
All year round, starting at 7-9 months.
At what point can pig fetuses be radiographed in utero?
after 60-90 days gestation
Pen size for farrowing:
2.1 X 2.4mt or 1.2 X 1.5mt for mini pigs
Scientific name for sheep
Ovis Aries
Common sheep breeds(4):
Rambouillet, Suffolk, Oxford, Hampshire
What studies are sheep typically used for?
reproductive, fetal and cardiac research.
Tipping is what, in relation to sheep?
A type of restraint where the sheep are tipped backward into a sitting position (like a large dog).
What type of estrus cycle do sheep have?
Seasonally polyestrus, only giving birth in a field, in the spring.
How many lambs can a sheep have at one time?
one or two.
Scientific name for goats.
Capra hircus
Common goat species:
Nubian, French Alpine, Saanen, Toggenberg
What studies are goats typically used in?
Placental and fetal surgery, orthopedic procedures and antibody production.
How are goats restrained? (think sheep)
Tipping
What studies are amphibians typically used for?
neurological, genetic and physiological studies.
What is an axolotl?
another name for a tiger salamander
Water hardness for amphibians should be below what value?
250ppm or mg/mL
How many tadpoles should be kept in an enclosure per liter?
50per liter, changing to 5 per liter as they begin to metamorphize.
pH for amphibians should be between what values?
6.5 and 8.5
What should temperatures for amphibians be at?
Between 20-25 degrees C. (better at cooler end).
Cooler temperatures prevent what in amphibians?
Metamorphasis
Xenopus (frog) best light cycle is:
14:10 (light:dark)
If a standard light cycle for an amphibian species is not known, what light cycle should be chosen?
12:12
What is neotony?
“refusal” of amphibians to metamorphasis. (tadpole stays tadpole)
What type of birds are Galliformes?
Chickens, turkeys and quail.
What type of birds are Columbiforms?
pigeons and doves
What types of birds are passeriformes?
crows, sparrow, finch
Psittaciformes are what type of bird?
parrots
List the 5 parts of the bird oviduct.
Infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland, vagina.
What does the infundibulum do?
receives ovum
What does the magnum do?
albumin -secreting part of bird oviduct
Usually only one side of the female bird reproductive tract works. Which side works?
The left oviduct
What does the shell gland do?
Is the “uterus”, the hard calciferous shell is made here.
What does the isthmus do?
The developing egg receives its soft shell here.
What is the incubating time and at what temp and humidity?
7-14 days, at 14 degrees C +/- 3 degrees. 70% relative humidity.
How long should new birds be quarantined?
2-4 weeks
Ventilation for bird incubation should be at what percentage?
45-70%
Horses are a good blood source for what in research?
serum production, antiserum and antitoxins
What lights are best for fish?
flouresent
What can be used to disenfect fish tanks?
alcohol and potassium permaganate
How many fish should be in a tank per liter of water?
1g fish per liter or 2.5cm fish per 4 liters of water.
How much oxygen should be present in water for fish?
8-11ppm
What should CO2 concentrations be in fish water?
Should never exceed 15ppm
What is the scientific name for ferrets?
Mustela putorius
What studies are ferrets typically used for?
teratology, dental research, pathology and immunology of veral diseases.Possible alternative to cats in research
Chinchillas are in the same family as what other common lab animal?
Guinea pigs
Woodchucks or “ground hogs” have what scientific name?
Marmota monax
What research are groundhogs used for?
Hepatits B, Obesity, endocrine and metabolic function.
Mouse temperature
35.8C-37.4C (96.6F-99.7F)
Mouse heart rate
328-780per min
Mouse respiratory rate
90-220 per min
Mouse weight
25-40g, newborn:1.0g
Mouse water consumption
4-7mL, 1.5g per 10g body weight per day
Mouse food consumption
3-6g, 0r 1.5g per 10g of body weight per day
Mouse life span
1-3yrs
Mouse Sexual Maturity
40-60 days
Mouse Estrous cycle
4-5 days
Mouse gestation
19-21 days
Mouse litter size
6-12
Mouse weaning
21 days
Rat Temperature
35.9C-37.5C (96.6F-99.5F)
Rat Heart Rate
250-600 beats per minute
Rat Respiratory Rate
66-144 breaths per minute
Rat weight, female and male
Male: 300-500g, Female: 200-400g, newborn 5g
Rat water consumption
24-60 mL, 10-12mL per 100g body weight
Rat food consumption
15-30g/day, 5-6g per 100g body weight
Rat lifespan
2.5-3.5 years
Rat sexual maturity
65-110 days
Rat Estrous cycle
4-5 days
Rat Gestation
20-22days
Rat litter size
7-11
Rat weaning
21 days
Hamster temperature
37C-38C (98.6F-100.4F)
Hamster Respiration rate
35-120 breaths per minute
Hamster Heart rate
250-600 per min
Hamster weight
adult 80-120g, newborn 8-12g
Hamster water consumption
10mL per 100g body weight
Hamster food consumption
10g per 100g body weight
Hamster Life span
1.5-2yr
Hamster sexual maturity
42-70 days
Hamster estrous cycle
4 days
Hamster gestation
15-16 days
Hamster litter size
5-10
Hamster weaning
21 days (but starts eating solid food 7-10 days
Guinea Pig temperature
37C-39.5C (98.6F-103.1F)
Guinea Pig heart rate
230-320 bpm
Guinea Pig respiratory rate
42-104 bpm
Guinea Pig weight
adult: 500-800g, newborn: 70-90g
Guinea Pig water consumption
50-80mL per day, or 10mL per 100g
Guinea Pig food consumption
30-48g per day, 6g per 100g body weight
Guinea Pig life span
4-6 yrs
Guinea Pig sexual maturity
60-90 days
Guinea Pig estrous cycle
16-18 days
Guinea Pig gestation
60-65 days
Guinea Pig litter size
2-4
Guinea Pig weaning
18-24 days
Gerbil Temperature
35.7C-39.3C (96.3F-102.7F)
Gerbil Heart Rate
260-600 bpm
Gerbil Respiratory Rate
70-120 bpm
Gerbil Weight
adult:70-90g, newborn: 3g
Gerbil water consumption
3-6mL per day, 4-7mL per 100g
Gerbil food consumption
4-7g per day, 5-8g per 100g body weight
Gerbil life span
2-4 yrs
Gerbil sexual maturity
70-84 days
Gerbil estrous cycle
polyestrus, every 4-6 days
Gerbil gestation
24-26 days
Gerbil litter
4-5
Gerbil weaning
21 days
Rabbits temperature
38C-40C (100.4F-104F)
Rabbits heart rate
130-325 bpm
Rabbits respiratory rate
30-60 bpm
Rabbit weight
adult: 2-6 kg, newborn: 30-80g
Rabbit water consumption
100-600mL per day,, 50-100mL per kg (1000g)
Rabbit food consumption
100-300g per day, 50g per 1kg
Rabbit life span
5-8 yrs
Rabbit Sexual Maturity
4-6 months
Rabbit Estrous Cycle
no regular cycle, induced ovulator, receptive in 4-6 day intervals
Rabbit Gestation
29-35 days
Rabbit litter size
4-10
Rabbit weaning
4-6 weeks. (baby rabbits can eat solid food ~3 weeks of age).
Cat temperature
38C-39C (100.4F-102.2)
Cat heart rate
110-140 bpm
Cat respiratory rate
15-25 bpm
Cat weight
adult: 2-5kg, newborn: 125g
Cat water consumption
100-200mL per day, 40mL per Kg (varies w/ wet or dry food).
Cat food consumption
100-200g, 4% body weight
Cat life span
12-16 yrs
Cat sexual maturity
5-6 months
Cat estrous
6-7 months, several cycles in a year
Feline gestation
62-65 days
Feline litter
3-6
Feline weaning
6-7 weeks
Dog temperature
38C-39C (100.4F-102.2F)
Dog HR
60-120 bpm
Dog RR
10-30 bpm
Dog wt
adult: 10-30kg, newborn: 300-500g
Dog water consumption
400-1200mL per day, 40mL per kg body wt.
Dog food consumption
450-1350g per day, 45 g per kg body wt
Dog life span
12-14 yrs
Dog sexual maturity
6-10 months
Dog Estrous
seasonal w/ one 3 week cycle at 6-7 month intervals
Dog gestation
58-67 days
Dog litter size
4-12
Dog weaning
6-8 weeks
Primates temperature
37-39.5C (98.6-103.1F)
Primates heart rate
120-180 bpm
Primates respiratory rate
35-50 bpm
Primates weight
adult: 6-11kg, newborn: 550g
primates water
400-600g per day
Primates Life span
20-30 yrs
Primates sexual maturity
4-5yrs
Primates estrous
28 days
Primates gestation
150-175 days
Primates litter size
1 (marmasats often have twins)
Primates weaning
12-24 months
Swine Temperature
38.3C-39.9C, (101F-103.8F)
Swine HR
60-80bpm
Swine RR
8-18bpm
Swine wt
adult: 100-300kg, newborn: 1.0-1.5kg
Swine water
1-4% body weight
Swine food
1-4% body weight
Swine life span
6-9hrs
Swine estrous
18-24 days
Swine gestation
112-115 days
Swine litter
8-15
Swine weaning
4-6 weeks
Swine sexual maturity
7-9 months
Sheep temperature
38.3C-39.9C (101F-103.8F)
Sheep HR
60-80 bpm
Sheep RR
18-20 bpm
Sheep wt
50-150 Kg (adult), newborn: 4-5kg
Sheep water
1-3L per day
Sheep food
1-2kg per day
Sheep lifespan
8-13 yrs
Sheep Sexual maturity
5-7 months
Sheep estrous
16-17days
Sheep Gestation
144-151 days
Sheep litter
1-3
Sheep weaning
8-12 weeks
Goat temperature
38.5C-39.7C (101.3F-103.5F)
Goat HR
60-80 bpm
Goat RR
18-20 bpm
Goat wt
50-150 kg adult
Goat water
1.5-4liters
Goat food
1-4% of body weight
Goat life span
8-13years
Goat sexual maturity
4-5months
Goat estrous
18-22 days
Goat gestation
144-151 days
Goat litter
2
Goat weaning
12-16 weeks
