Animal Related Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific name for Rat

A

Rattus Norvegicus

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2
Q

Common outbred rat breeds

A
Wislar (WI) albino
Sprague Daulacy (SD) albino, grows fast, narrow head, long tail
Long Evans (LE) smaller than other two, patches of black or brown fur on head. Nickname "hooded".
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3
Q

Common Inbred rat breeds

A
Lewis (LEW) used for immunology and diabetes research
Fisher 344 (F344) albino, toxicology and birth defects (teratology) studies.
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4
Q

What is the most common type of hamster species used in research, whos scientific name is “Mesocricetus auratus”?

A

Syrian hamster

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5
Q

What studies are hamsters typically used in?

A

diabetes mellitus and heredity studies, cancer, genetics, caveties.

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6
Q

What less popular species of hamster is used in research, particularly hereditary studies?

A

The Chinese Hamster, scientific name: Crietulus griseus

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7
Q

Lymphatic tissue is not seen in what unique structure of the hamster?

A

Cheek pouches

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8
Q

What is unique about the hamster stomach?

A

There is a ‘ruminant’ non-glandular fore-stomach, and a glandular stomach. (1 stomach, 2 segments).

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9
Q

Hamsters have what type of organ on either side of their bodies, that is more obvious in males?

A

Flank organ

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10
Q

What is hand mating? A typical technique in hamster mating.

A

A female is placed in the males cage at the end of a light cycle. Mating will happen in 5 min if female is in estrus.

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11
Q

What is the scientific name for the guinea pig?

A

Cavia porcellus (nickname: cavies)

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12
Q

What studies are guinea pigs commonly used for?

A

vitamin C, immune system, infectious diseases, tuberculosis.

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13
Q

What is the most used outbred Guinea Pig species?

A

Dankin hartley (albino)

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14
Q

At what time period can Guinea pigs be bred?

A

60-90 days

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15
Q

At what age does dystocia occur more frequently in Guinea pig sows?

A

> 7months

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16
Q

How long is the Guinea pig estrus cycle?

A

about 16 days, lasts 6-11hrs

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17
Q

Do Guinea pigs have post-partum estrus?

A

yes

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18
Q

What is the litter size of a Guinea pig?

A

1-6 (usually 2-4 are born)

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19
Q

What is the length of Guinea pig gestation?

A

59-72 days, average 63

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20
Q

Guinea pig young are precocious. What does that mean?

A

they are porn w/ fur, eyes and ears open and the ability to walk happens quickly.

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21
Q

When are Guinea pig pups weaned?

A

18-24 days

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22
Q

Do guinea pigs barber?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Guinea pigs cannot eat rodent chow because they need to be supplemented what vitamin, not found in that food?

A

Vitamin C

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24
Q

Merriones Unguiculatus is the scientific name for what animal?

A

Mongolian gerbil

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25
Q

The Mongolian gerbil goes by what other names? (not scientific name).

A

Jird or dessert rat

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26
Q

Is it ok to feed Gerbils rodent chow?

A

yes

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27
Q

What are the 4 animals that go through post partum estrus?

A

Mice, rats, guinea pigs, gerbils

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28
Q

What neurological condition are gerbils prone to?

A

Seizures

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29
Q

What studies are gerbils typically used for?

A

Stroke and epilepsy studies

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30
Q

Are gerbils typically harem bred?

A

No, gerbils are monogomous

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31
Q

Both male and female gerbils have a dark yellow marking on their ventral midline, what is it called?

A

Ventral marking gland.

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32
Q

Rabbits are typically used in what studies?

A

antibody production, drug screening, screening for pyrogens (fever causing compunds), atherosclerosis.

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33
Q

Oryctolagus cunniculus is the scientific name for which species of rabbit, typical for lab research?

A

New Zealand White rabbit

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34
Q

For mating, which sex of rabbit is brought to the others cage, to avoid aggressive behaviours?

A

The doe (female) must be brought to the buck’s (male) enclosure.

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35
Q

Which 3 species of lab animals are induced ovulators?

A

Rabbits, cats, ferrets

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36
Q

What is the length of the rabbit estrus cycle?

A

No true estrus cycle

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37
Q

What is the term for rabbit parturition?

A

kindling

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38
Q

When are young rabbits (kits) weaned from the mother?

A

4-6 weeks

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39
Q

The scientific name for cats is:

A

Felis domesticus

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40
Q

The scientific name for dogs is:

A

canis familiaris

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41
Q

Feline estrus cycles are seasonal, happening every __ months.

A

6 months

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42
Q

Cats can be very sensitive to their food bowls, causing breakouts (cat acne) if not cleaned enough. How often should their bowls be cleaned?

A

Daily by hand, machine washed twice a week.

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43
Q

What studies are dogs typically used for?

A

heart disease and orthopedic studies.

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44
Q

What is the most prevalent dog breed used in research?

A

beagles

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45
Q

How frequent is dog estrus, and how long does it last?

A

Estrus is every 6 months, lasts about 2-3 weeks.

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46
Q

What is the minimum requirement for sanitizing dog runs?

A

Canine enclosures should be sanitized at LEAST every 2 weeks.

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47
Q

What are the most common species of old world primates used in research? (3)

A

Rhesus (Macca mulatta)
Cynomolguss (Macca fascicularis)
Baboons (papio)

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48
Q

What are the most common new world monkeys? (3)

A
Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri)
Owl Monkey (Aotus)
Marmoset (Callithrix)
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49
Q

What is the most common primate restraint? (hint: chemical restraint).

A

Ketamine hydrochloride

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50
Q

What types of mating are used with primates?

A

Both harem and paired mating are common

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51
Q

Old world monkeys estrus cycle is similar to (1) while new world monkeys estrus cycle is similar to (2).

A

1) humans, 2) other animals.

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52
Q

What is an accessory sex organ of the rheus monkey?

A

Red sex skin

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53
Q

What are characteristics necessary of primate enclosures?

A

1) Sturdy enough to resist constant break attempts
2) padlocks &
3) Combination locks
4) Must satisfy experimental & husbandry requirements.

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54
Q

How often must primate cages be sanitized?

A

Every 2 weeks.

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55
Q

If housed together, how large may primate groups be?

A

6-10

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56
Q

Where is TB testing done on primates?

A

Eyelid

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57
Q

How long must primates be quarantined when first brought into the facility?

A

31-60 days. Long term quarantine is 90 days.

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58
Q

What vitamin are primates (including humans) defeicient in, must be provided in food.

A

Vitamin C

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59
Q

Swine Scientific Name

A

Sus scrofa

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60
Q

What studies are swine used in?

A

Surgery, cardiac transplant, atherosclerosis, among others

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61
Q

Name 3 most used swine breeds in research.

A

Yorkshire, Duroc, Yucatan

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62
Q

Popular swine restraints

A

v-trough and snare

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63
Q

What is the pamepinto sling?

A

Hammock used to suspend animal for restraint (usually swine, can be sheep). Has fuzzy lining for comfort.

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64
Q

Terris confinement

A

small, metal, pen-like enclosure w/ doors at each end used for swine restraint.

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65
Q

How often can sows (swine) breed, and at what age?

A

All year round, starting at 7-9 months.

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66
Q

At what point can pig fetuses be radiographed in utero?

A

after 60-90 days gestation

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67
Q

Pen size for farrowing:

A

2.1 X 2.4mt or 1.2 X 1.5mt for mini pigs

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68
Q

Scientific name for sheep

A

Ovis Aries

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69
Q

Common sheep breeds(4):

A

Rambouillet, Suffolk, Oxford, Hampshire

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70
Q

What studies are sheep typically used for?

A

reproductive, fetal and cardiac research.

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71
Q

Tipping is what, in relation to sheep?

A

A type of restraint where the sheep are tipped backward into a sitting position (like a large dog).

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72
Q

What type of estrus cycle do sheep have?

A

Seasonally polyestrus, only giving birth in a field, in the spring.

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73
Q

How many lambs can a sheep have at one time?

A

one or two.

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74
Q

Scientific name for goats.

A

Capra hircus

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75
Q

Common goat species:

A

Nubian, French Alpine, Saanen, Toggenberg

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76
Q

What studies are goats typically used in?

A

Placental and fetal surgery, orthopedic procedures and antibody production.

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77
Q

How are goats restrained? (think sheep)

A

Tipping

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78
Q

What studies are amphibians typically used for?

A

neurological, genetic and physiological studies.

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79
Q

What is an axolotl?

A

another name for a tiger salamander

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80
Q

Water hardness for amphibians should be below what value?

A

250ppm or mg/mL

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81
Q

How many tadpoles should be kept in an enclosure per liter?

A

50per liter, changing to 5 per liter as they begin to metamorphize.

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82
Q

pH for amphibians should be between what values?

A

6.5 and 8.5

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83
Q

What should temperatures for amphibians be at?

A

Between 20-25 degrees C. (better at cooler end).

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84
Q

Cooler temperatures prevent what in amphibians?

A

Metamorphasis

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85
Q

Xenopus (frog) best light cycle is:

A

14:10 (light:dark)

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86
Q

If a standard light cycle for an amphibian species is not known, what light cycle should be chosen?

A

12:12

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87
Q

What is neotony?

A

“refusal” of amphibians to metamorphasis. (tadpole stays tadpole)

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88
Q

What type of birds are Galliformes?

A

Chickens, turkeys and quail.

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89
Q

What type of birds are Columbiforms?

A

pigeons and doves

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90
Q

What types of birds are passeriformes?

A

crows, sparrow, finch

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91
Q

Psittaciformes are what type of bird?

A

parrots

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92
Q

List the 5 parts of the bird oviduct.

A

Infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland, vagina.

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93
Q

What does the infundibulum do?

A

receives ovum

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94
Q

What does the magnum do?

A

albumin -secreting part of bird oviduct

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95
Q

Usually only one side of the female bird reproductive tract works. Which side works?

A

The left oviduct

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96
Q

What does the shell gland do?

A

Is the “uterus”, the hard calciferous shell is made here.

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97
Q

What does the isthmus do?

A

The developing egg receives its soft shell here.

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98
Q

What is the incubating time and at what temp and humidity?

A

7-14 days, at 14 degrees C +/- 3 degrees. 70% relative humidity.

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99
Q

How long should new birds be quarantined?

A

2-4 weeks

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100
Q

Ventilation for bird incubation should be at what percentage?

A

45-70%

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101
Q

Horses are a good blood source for what in research?

A

serum production, antiserum and antitoxins

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102
Q

What lights are best for fish?

A

flouresent

103
Q

What can be used to disenfect fish tanks?

A

alcohol and potassium permaganate

104
Q

How many fish should be in a tank per liter of water?

A

1g fish per liter or 2.5cm fish per 4 liters of water.

105
Q

How much oxygen should be present in water for fish?

A

8-11ppm

106
Q

What should CO2 concentrations be in fish water?

A

Should never exceed 15ppm

107
Q

What is the scientific name for ferrets?

A

Mustela putorius

108
Q

What studies are ferrets typically used for?

A

teratology, dental research, pathology and immunology of veral diseases.Possible alternative to cats in research

109
Q

Chinchillas are in the same family as what other common lab animal?

A

Guinea pigs

110
Q

Woodchucks or “ground hogs” have what scientific name?

A

Marmota monax

111
Q

What research are groundhogs used for?

A

Hepatits B, Obesity, endocrine and metabolic function.

112
Q

Mouse temperature

A

35.8C-37.4C (96.6F-99.7F)

113
Q

Mouse heart rate

A

328-780per min

114
Q

Mouse respiratory rate

A

90-220 per min

115
Q

Mouse weight

A

25-40g, newborn:1.0g

116
Q

Mouse water consumption

A

4-7mL, 1.5g per 10g body weight per day

117
Q

Mouse food consumption

A

3-6g, 0r 1.5g per 10g of body weight per day

118
Q

Mouse life span

A

1-3yrs

119
Q

Mouse Sexual Maturity

A

40-60 days

120
Q

Mouse Estrous cycle

A

4-5 days

121
Q

Mouse gestation

A

19-21 days

122
Q

Mouse litter size

A

6-12

123
Q

Mouse weaning

A

21 days

124
Q

Rat Temperature

A

35.9C-37.5C (96.6F-99.5F)

125
Q

Rat Heart Rate

A

250-600 beats per minute

126
Q

Rat Respiratory Rate

A

66-144 breaths per minute

127
Q

Rat weight, female and male

A

Male: 300-500g, Female: 200-400g, newborn 5g

128
Q

Rat water consumption

A

24-60 mL, 10-12mL per 100g body weight

129
Q

Rat food consumption

A

15-30g/day, 5-6g per 100g body weight

130
Q

Rat lifespan

A

2.5-3.5 years

131
Q

Rat sexual maturity

A

65-110 days

132
Q

Rat Estrous cycle

A

4-5 days

133
Q

Rat Gestation

A

20-22days

134
Q

Rat litter size

A

7-11

135
Q

Rat weaning

A

21 days

136
Q

Hamster temperature

A

37C-38C (98.6F-100.4F)

137
Q

Hamster Respiration rate

A

35-120 breaths per minute

138
Q

Hamster Heart rate

A

250-600 per min

139
Q

Hamster weight

A

adult 80-120g, newborn 8-12g

140
Q

Hamster water consumption

A

10mL per 100g body weight

141
Q

Hamster food consumption

A

10g per 100g body weight

142
Q

Hamster Life span

A

1.5-2yr

143
Q

Hamster sexual maturity

A

42-70 days

144
Q

Hamster estrous cycle

A

4 days

145
Q

Hamster gestation

A

15-16 days

146
Q

Hamster litter size

A

5-10

147
Q

Hamster weaning

A

21 days (but starts eating solid food 7-10 days

148
Q

Guinea Pig temperature

A

37C-39.5C (98.6F-103.1F)

149
Q

Guinea Pig heart rate

A

230-320 bpm

150
Q

Guinea Pig respiratory rate

A

42-104 bpm

151
Q

Guinea Pig weight

A

adult: 500-800g, newborn: 70-90g

152
Q

Guinea Pig water consumption

A

50-80mL per day, or 10mL per 100g

153
Q

Guinea Pig food consumption

A

30-48g per day, 6g per 100g body weight

154
Q

Guinea Pig life span

A

4-6 yrs

155
Q

Guinea Pig sexual maturity

A

60-90 days

156
Q

Guinea Pig estrous cycle

A

16-18 days

157
Q

Guinea Pig gestation

A

60-65 days

158
Q

Guinea Pig litter size

A

2-4

159
Q

Guinea Pig weaning

A

18-24 days

160
Q

Gerbil Temperature

A

35.7C-39.3C (96.3F-102.7F)

161
Q

Gerbil Heart Rate

A

260-600 bpm

162
Q

Gerbil Respiratory Rate

A

70-120 bpm

163
Q

Gerbil Weight

A

adult:70-90g, newborn: 3g

164
Q

Gerbil water consumption

A

3-6mL per day, 4-7mL per 100g

165
Q

Gerbil food consumption

A

4-7g per day, 5-8g per 100g body weight

166
Q

Gerbil life span

A

2-4 yrs

167
Q

Gerbil sexual maturity

A

70-84 days

168
Q

Gerbil estrous cycle

A

polyestrus, every 4-6 days

169
Q

Gerbil gestation

A

24-26 days

170
Q

Gerbil litter

A

4-5

171
Q

Gerbil weaning

A

21 days

172
Q

Rabbits temperature

A

38C-40C (100.4F-104F)

173
Q

Rabbits heart rate

A

130-325 bpm

174
Q

Rabbits respiratory rate

A

30-60 bpm

175
Q

Rabbit weight

A

adult: 2-6 kg, newborn: 30-80g

176
Q

Rabbit water consumption

A

100-600mL per day,, 50-100mL per kg (1000g)

177
Q

Rabbit food consumption

A

100-300g per day, 50g per 1kg

178
Q

Rabbit life span

A

5-8 yrs

179
Q

Rabbit Sexual Maturity

A

4-6 months

180
Q

Rabbit Estrous Cycle

A

no regular cycle, induced ovulator, receptive in 4-6 day intervals

181
Q

Rabbit Gestation

A

29-35 days

182
Q

Rabbit litter size

A

4-10

183
Q

Rabbit weaning

A

4-6 weeks. (baby rabbits can eat solid food ~3 weeks of age).

184
Q

Cat temperature

A

38C-39C (100.4F-102.2)

185
Q

Cat heart rate

A

110-140 bpm

186
Q

Cat respiratory rate

A

15-25 bpm

187
Q

Cat weight

A

adult: 2-5kg, newborn: 125g

188
Q

Cat water consumption

A

100-200mL per day, 40mL per Kg (varies w/ wet or dry food).

189
Q

Cat food consumption

A

100-200g, 4% body weight

190
Q

Cat life span

A

12-16 yrs

191
Q

Cat sexual maturity

A

5-6 months

192
Q

Cat estrous

A

6-7 months, several cycles in a year

193
Q

Feline gestation

A

62-65 days

194
Q

Feline litter

A

3-6

195
Q

Feline weaning

A

6-7 weeks

196
Q

Dog temperature

A

38C-39C (100.4F-102.2F)

197
Q

Dog HR

A

60-120 bpm

198
Q

Dog RR

A

10-30 bpm

199
Q

Dog wt

A

adult: 10-30kg, newborn: 300-500g

200
Q

Dog water consumption

A

400-1200mL per day, 40mL per kg body wt.

201
Q

Dog food consumption

A

450-1350g per day, 45 g per kg body wt

202
Q

Dog life span

A

12-14 yrs

203
Q

Dog sexual maturity

A

6-10 months

204
Q

Dog Estrous

A

seasonal w/ one 3 week cycle at 6-7 month intervals

205
Q

Dog gestation

A

58-67 days

206
Q

Dog litter size

A

4-12

207
Q

Dog weaning

A

6-8 weeks

208
Q

Primates temperature

A

37-39.5C (98.6-103.1F)

209
Q

Primates heart rate

A

120-180 bpm

210
Q

Primates respiratory rate

A

35-50 bpm

211
Q

Primates weight

A

adult: 6-11kg, newborn: 550g

212
Q

primates water

A

400-600g per day

213
Q

Primates Life span

A

20-30 yrs

214
Q

Primates sexual maturity

A

4-5yrs

215
Q

Primates estrous

A

28 days

216
Q

Primates gestation

A

150-175 days

217
Q

Primates litter size

A

1 (marmasats often have twins)

218
Q

Primates weaning

A

12-24 months

219
Q

Swine Temperature

A

38.3C-39.9C, (101F-103.8F)

220
Q

Swine HR

A

60-80bpm

221
Q

Swine RR

A

8-18bpm

222
Q

Swine wt

A

adult: 100-300kg, newborn: 1.0-1.5kg

223
Q

Swine water

A

1-4% body weight

224
Q

Swine food

A

1-4% body weight

225
Q

Swine life span

A

6-9hrs

226
Q

Swine estrous

A

18-24 days

227
Q

Swine gestation

A

112-115 days

228
Q

Swine litter

A

8-15

229
Q

Swine weaning

A

4-6 weeks

230
Q

Swine sexual maturity

A

7-9 months

231
Q

Sheep temperature

A

38.3C-39.9C (101F-103.8F)

232
Q

Sheep HR

A

60-80 bpm

233
Q

Sheep RR

A

18-20 bpm

234
Q

Sheep wt

A

50-150 Kg (adult), newborn: 4-5kg

235
Q

Sheep water

A

1-3L per day

236
Q

Sheep food

A

1-2kg per day

237
Q

Sheep lifespan

A

8-13 yrs

238
Q

Sheep Sexual maturity

A

5-7 months

239
Q

Sheep estrous

A

16-17days

240
Q

Sheep Gestation

A

144-151 days

241
Q

Sheep litter

A

1-3

242
Q

Sheep weaning

A

8-12 weeks

243
Q

Goat temperature

A

38.5C-39.7C (101.3F-103.5F)

244
Q

Goat HR

A

60-80 bpm

245
Q

Goat RR

A

18-20 bpm

246
Q

Goat wt

A

50-150 kg adult

247
Q

Goat water

A

1.5-4liters

248
Q

Goat food

A

1-4% of body weight

249
Q

Goat life span

A

8-13years

250
Q

Goat sexual maturity

A

4-5months

251
Q

Goat estrous

A

18-22 days

252
Q

Goat gestation

A

144-151 days

253
Q

Goat litter

A

2

254
Q

Goat weaning

A

12-16 weeks