hannah - ovarian cancer

Question 1

in the M category of TNM what does M0 stand for?

Answer 1

no evidence of distant metastasis

Question 2

what are 7 additional stressors for patients who are diagnosed with advanced cancer than for those with early stage cancers?

Answer 2

1. limited treatment options
2. poor prognosis
3. increased symptom burden
4. complex treatment regimens
5. end-of-life decisions
6. support for caregivers
7. complex grief & bereavement

Question 3

what are the 5 steps in ovarian cancer diagnosis?

Answer 3

1. medical history/symptoms
2. physical examination (pelvic) - not always detectable
3. blood tests (CA-125)
4. Imagine (ultrasound, CT/MRI)
5. biopsy

Question 4

in the N category of TNM what do stages N1 to N3 stand for?

Answer 4

increasing degree of lymph node involvement, w/ N3 representing extensive lymph node spread

Question 5

in the T category of TNM what does TX stand for?

Answer 5

primary tumor can’t be assessed

Question 6

read oncology doc

what are the 8 psychosocial impacts of Hannah’s diagnosis for herself and her young family?

Answer 6

1. emotional distress
2. grief & loss of her fertility/dream of another child
3. concern for her daughter
4. body image/self-esteem
5. role/identity changes - mother/wife
6. communication/support (family)
7. decision-making (treatment)
8. coping/support systems (depend on her coping mechanisms)

Question 7

why is there a delay in ovarian cancer diagnosis?

“Vague Routines Misdiagnose 2x ‘Awareness Factors’ & Bias w/ Challenging Locations”

Answer 7

1. vague symptoms
2. lack of routine screening
3. misdiagnosis
4. patient awareness
5. healthcare provider awareness
6. socioeconomic factors
7. age/risk factors - younger
8. stigma/gender bias
9. women face diagnostic challenges
10. tumor location - deep w/in pelvis (less accessible for clinical examination/imaging)

Question 8

what does M stand for in TNM for cancer staging?

Answer 8

metastasis

Question 9

in the N category of TNM what does N0 stand for?

Answer 9

no regional lymph node involvement

Question 10

what does T stand for in TNM for cancer staging?

Answer 10

tumor size

Question 11

what does N stand for in TNM for cancer staging?

Answer 11

lymph node involvement

Question 12

define clinical distress in the context of a cancer diagnosis

Answer 12

emotional, psychological, social challenges/suffering experienced by individuals who have been diagnosed w/ cancer

Question 13

in the M category of TNM what does stage M1 stand for?

Answer 13

distant metastasis present

Question 14

in the T category of TNM what do stages T1 to T4 stand for?

Answer 14

gradual increase in tumor size & local extent (grown into nearby tissues), T4 indicating the most advanced local growth

Question 15

What is the TNM for stage II?

Answer 15

T2/3, N0, M0

Question 16

in the M category of TNM what does TX stand for?

Answer 16

distant metastasis can’t be assessed

Question 17

what does Tis stand for?

Answer 17

carcinoma in situ, indicating the cancer is localised to the epithelial cells of the organ where it started. it has not invaded deeper tissues

Question 18

what is the TNM for stage III?

Answer 18

any T, N1, M0

Question 19

What is the TNM for stage 1?

Answer 19

T1, N0, M0

Question 20

in the N category of TNM what does NX stand for?

Answer 20

regional lymph nodes can’t be assessed

Question 21

What is the TNM for stage 0 (in situ)?

Answer 21

Tis, N0, M0

Question 22

in the T category of TNM what does T0 stand for?

Answer 22

no evidence of a primary tumor

Question 23

what is cancer stage designation typically expressed as?

Answer 23

stage 0 (in situ) to stage IV (advanced & widely spread)

Question 24

what is the TNM for stage IV?

Answer 24

any T, any N, M1