hannah - ovarian cancer Flashcards
in the M category of TNM what does M0 stand for?
no evidence of distant metastasis
what are 7 additional stressors for patients who are diagnosed with advanced cancer than for those with early stage cancers?
- limited treatment options
- poor prognosis
- increased symptom burden
- complex treatment regimens
- end-of-life decisions
- support for caregivers
- complex grief & bereavement
what are the 5 steps in ovarian cancer diagnosis?
- medical history/symptoms
- physical examination (pelvic) - not always detectable
- blood tests (CA-125)
- Imagine (ultrasound, CT/MRI)
- biopsy
in the N category of TNM what do stages N1 to N3 stand for?
increasing degree of lymph node involvement, w/ N3 representing extensive lymph node spread
in the T category of TNM what does TX stand for?
primary tumor can’t be assessed
read oncology doc
what are the 8 psychosocial impacts of Hannah’s diagnosis for herself and her young family?
- emotional distress
- grief & loss of her fertility/dream of another child
- concern for her daughter
- body image/self-esteem
- role/identity changes - mother/wife
- communication/support (family)
- decision-making (treatment)
- coping/support systems (depend on her coping mechanisms)
why is there a delay in ovarian cancer diagnosis?
“Vague Routines Misdiagnose 2x ‘Awareness Factors’ & Bias w/ Challenging Locations”
- vague symptoms
- lack of routine screening
- misdiagnosis
- patient awareness
- healthcare provider awareness
- socioeconomic factors
- age/risk factors - younger
- stigma/gender bias
- women face diagnostic challenges
- tumor location - deep w/in pelvis (less accessible for clinical examination/imaging)
what does M stand for in TNM for cancer staging?
metastasis
in the N category of TNM what does N0 stand for?
no regional lymph node involvement
what does T stand for in TNM for cancer staging?
tumor size
what does N stand for in TNM for cancer staging?
lymph node involvement
define clinical distress in the context of a cancer diagnosis
emotional, psychological, social challenges/suffering experienced by individuals who have been diagnosed w/ cancer
in the M category of TNM what does stage M1 stand for?
distant metastasis present
in the T category of TNM what do stages T1 to T4 stand for?
gradual increase in tumor size & local extent (grown into nearby tissues), T4 indicating the most advanced local growth
What is the TNM for stage II?
T2/3, N0, M0
in the M category of TNM what does TX stand for?
distant metastasis can’t be assessed
what does Tis stand for?
carcinoma in situ, indicating the cancer is localised to the epithelial cells of the organ where it started. it has not invaded deeper tissues
what is the TNM for stage III?
any T, N1, M0
What is the TNM for stage 1?
T1, N0, M0
in the N category of TNM what does NX stand for?
regional lymph nodes can’t be assessed
What is the TNM for stage 0 (in situ)?
Tis, N0, M0
in the T category of TNM what does T0 stand for?
no evidence of a primary tumor
what is cancer stage designation typically expressed as?
stage 0 (in situ) to stage IV (advanced & widely spread)
what is the TNM for stage IV?
any T, any N, M1
