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anat/phys prereq > Handout 2, Quiz Feb 19 > Flashcards

Handout 2, Quiz Feb 19 Flashcards

1
Q

outer layer of heart, connective tissue

A

epicardium

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2
Q

middle muscular layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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3
Q

inner layer of smooth endothelium that lines the heart

A

endocardium

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4
Q

superior/receiving chambers of the heart

A

atria

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5
Q

inferior, discharging chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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6
Q

small mass of tissue in the right atrium, functions as a pacemaker

A

sinoatrial node (SA node)

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7
Q

any pacemaker in the heart other than the SA node

A

ectopic pacemaker

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8
Q

contraction of ventricles

A

systole

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9
Q

relaxation of ventricles

A

diastole

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10
Q

average heart rate

A

71 bpm

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11
Q

average blood pressue

A

120/80

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12
Q

fast heart rate (over 100 bpm)

A

tachycardia

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13
Q

slow heart rate (under 60 bpm)

A

bradycardia

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14
Q

left side of the heart receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to all the body cells

A

systemic circulation

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15
Q

the main artery of the systemic circulation, carries blood to all the other arteries except the pulmonary artery

A

aorta

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16
Q

provide oxygen to all the body’s cells

A

systemic capilarries

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17
Q

the largest veins in the body

A

venae cavae

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18
Q

the right heart pumps unoxygenated blood to the lungs,, where oxygen is picked up and brought to the left heart

A

pulmonary circulation

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19
Q

blood vessels that carries unoxygenated blood from the right heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

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20
Q

blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left heart

A

pulmonary veins

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21
Q

blood vessels that encircle the heart, and feed the myocardium during diastole

A

coronary arteries

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22
Q

a critical condition caused by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body, sharply curtailing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to vital organs

A

shock

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23
Q

low blood pressure

A

hypotension

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24
Q

over breathing

A

hyperventilation

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25
Q

decreased urine flow

A

oliguria

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26
Q

normally defined as a systolic pressure of 140mm Hg or higher and/or a distolic pressure of 95 mm Hg or higher on two or more measurements on two or more occasions

A

hypertension

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27
Q

the form of hypertension that has no identifiable cause

A

essential/primary/idiopathic hypertension

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28
Q

a sensory nerve ending in some large blood vessels

A

baroreceptor

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29
Q

blood vessel in the neck, word meaning “next to the ears”

A

common carotid artery

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30
Q

a sudden stop in effective and normal blood circulation due to failure of the heart to pump blood

A

cardiac arrest

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31
Q

time after which if cardiac arrest persists permanent brain damage may occur

A

five minutes

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32
Q

cardiac rhythm disturbance

A

arrhythmia

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33
Q

abnormal continuous or periodic sound originating in the heart valves

A

heart murmur

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34
Q

clogging of the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

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35
Q

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease

A

lesion

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36
Q

loss of local blood flow due to mechanical obstruction

A

ischemia

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37
Q

severe constricting pain in the chest

A

angina pectoris

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38
Q

term for death

A

necrosis

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39
Q

death due to lack of oxygen as a result of an obstruction of the tissue’s blood supply

A

ischemic necrosis/infarction

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40
Q

lesion resulting from ischemic necrosis

A

infarct

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41
Q

the death of some heart tissue

A

myocardial infarction

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42
Q

abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating

A

A-FIB

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43
Q

term for “on the back”

A

supine

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44
Q

portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in a patient

A

automated external defibrillator

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45
Q

vermicular twitching of individual muscle fibers

A

fibrillation

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46
Q

aka for the skin

A

cutaneous layer/integument

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47
Q

outer, nonvascular, non sensitive layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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48
Q

outer later of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat keratinized cells among the stratified squamous epethilial cells

A

stratum corneum

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49
Q

a tough, insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair, nails, horn, hooves, etc.

A

keratin

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50
Q

the deepest layer of the epidermis

A

stratum basale/stratum germinativum

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51
Q

a cell that upon division replaces its own numbers and also gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types

A

stem cells

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52
Q

a cell that produces melanin

A

melanocyte

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53
Q

an insoluble dark pigment found in all forms of animal life, accounts for dark colour of skin, hair, fur, scales, feathers

A

melanin

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54
Q

a growth on the skin that develops when melanocytes grow in clusters

A

mole/nevus

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55
Q

flat temporary clusters of melanin

A

freckles

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56
Q

connective tissue layer deep to the epidermis, contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves, sensory receptors, oil and sweat glands

A

dermis

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57
Q

cutaneous glands that secret sebum

A

sebaceous glands

58
Q

oil that lubricates hair and skin, prevents excessive water evaporation and inhibits growth of certain bacteria

A

sebum

59
Q

caused by excess oils that have accumulated in the sebaceous gland’s duct

A

blackheads

60
Q

a common human skin disease, characterized by areas of seborrhea

A

acne

61
Q

scaly red skin

A

seborrhea

62
Q

an infection of the hair follicle

A

boil/furuncle

63
Q

individual boils clustered together

A

carbuncles

64
Q

contraction of the arrector pili muscles

A

goosebumps

65
Q

a new, often uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue, tumor

A

neoplasm

66
Q

the branch of medical science dealing with the treatment of cancer

A

oncology

67
Q

very dangerous of harmful

A

malignant

68
Q

the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another

A

metastasis

69
Q

a noun suffix used to form names of tumors

A

oma

70
Q

most common, least dangerous skin cancer, arises from basal cells of the epithelium

A

basal cell carcinoma

71
Q

any of several types of skin tumors characterized by the malignant growth of melanocytes

A

melanoma

72
Q

acronym for the ABCD rule of identifying potentially cancerous moles

A

Asymmetrical, irregular Border, changes Colour, increased Diameter

73
Q

tract extending from the mouth to the anus

A

gastrointestinal tract/alimentary canal/ GI tract

74
Q

salivary gland under the tongue

A

sublingual

75
Q

salivary gland under the jawbone

A

submandibular

76
Q

salivary gland below and in front of the ear

A

parotid

77
Q

chewing

A

mastication

78
Q

soft, roundish mass or lump, esp. of chewed food

A

bolus

79
Q

swallowing

A

deglutition

80
Q

lower jaw

A

mandible

81
Q

upper jaw bones

A

maxillae

82
Q

pertaining to the tongue

A

lingual

83
Q

prefix meaning “beneath”

A

sub

84
Q

watery fluid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands

A

saliva

85
Q

carbohydrates occurring in plans

A

starches

86
Q

muscular tube for the passage of food from the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

87
Q

term for “throat”

A

pharynx

88
Q

open sores that develop on the inside of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus

A

peptic ulcer

89
Q

term for upper small intestine

A

duodenum

90
Q

substernal pain or burning sensation usually associated with the regugitation of gastric juice into the esophagus

A

heartburn

91
Q

breathing muscle between the chest and abdomen

A

diaphragm

92
Q

term meaning “gap”

A

hiatal

93
Q

a protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it

A

hernia

94
Q

a condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

95
Q

abdominal contents herniate through a weak point int he abdominal wall

A

inguinal hernia

96
Q

semifluid mass into which food is converted by gastric secretion and passes from the stomach into the small intestine

A

chyme

97
Q

any of the fingerlike projections on the mucous membrane of the small intenstine

A

villi

98
Q

secreted by the liver, aids in absorption and digestion, especially of fats

A

bile

99
Q

a membranous sac attached by ducts to the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated

A

gall bladder

100
Q

the large intestine, absorbs water from and eliminates residues of digestion

A

colon

101
Q

the endoscopic examination of the large bowel with a camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus

A

colonoscopy

102
Q

allows an examination of the lower portion of the colon

A

sigmoidoscopy

103
Q

small bulging pouches found most often in the sigmoid area of the colon

A

diverticula

104
Q

inflammation of diverticula, can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and a marked change in bowel habits

A

diverticulitis

105
Q

beginning of the large intestine

A

cecum

106
Q

a sugar which is used for energy within the body

A

glucose

107
Q

disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the insulin producing cells of the pancreas

A

type 1 diabetes

108
Q

disease in which the body can’t properly use the insulin that is released, called insulin insensitivity

A

type 2 diabetes

109
Q

eye disease

A

retinopathy

110
Q

low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

111
Q

high blood sugar

A

hyperglycemia

112
Q

the substance dissolved in a given solution

A

solute

113
Q

the substance that dissolves another to form a solution

A

solvent

114
Q

a homogeneous molecular mixture of two or more substances

A

solution

115
Q

a measure of the amount of dissolved substance contained per unit of volume

A

concentration

116
Q

the difference in concentration between two areas, affects the rate of diffusion

A

concentration gradient

117
Q

the random movement of molecules, ions, or small particles in solution under the influence of thermal motion through a uniform distribution throughout the available volume

A

diffusion

118
Q

an atom or atom group electrically charged by the loss or gain of electrons

A

ion

119
Q

diffusion of water

A

osmosis

120
Q

the stage of taking oxygen from the air and returning carbon dioxide to it

A

respiration/breathing/pulmonary ventilation

121
Q

bone tissue protruding into the nasal cavity

A

conchae

122
Q

voice box

A

larynx

123
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

124
Q

a motile, hair-like extension of a cell surface

A

cilia

125
Q

one cigarette slows the motion of the cilia for how long

A

20 minutes

126
Q

name of the trachea and air passages above it

A

upper respiratory system

127
Q

a flap of tissue that guards the entrance to the trachea

A

epiglottis

128
Q

any of the major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the trachea

A

bronchus/bronchi

129
Q

name of the air passages starting with the bronchi and moving down

A

lower respiratory system

130
Q

microscopic air sacs

A

alveoli

131
Q

part of the nervous system that controls breathing is in this part of the brain

A

brain stem

132
Q

a chronic disease of the lungs characterized by difficulty in breathing

A

emphysema

133
Q

a condition of the lungs in which there is widespread narrowing of airways

A

asthma (bronchial)

134
Q

the canal or cavity of a tubular organ

A

lumen

135
Q

shortness of breath, difficulty or distress in breathing

A

dyspnea

136
Q

prefix meaning “ill” “bad”

A

dys

137
Q

suffix meaning “breath”

A

pnea

138
Q

absence of breathing caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep

A

sleep apnea

139
Q

a position in which an unconscious but breathing person can be placed as part of first aid treatment, one of a series of variations of a three quarters prone position of the body

A

recovery position

140
Q

“open” airway

A

patent

141
Q

stomach contents collecting in the throat

A

passive regurgitation

142
Q

stomach acid collecting in the back of the throat can flow down into the lungs and attack the inner lining of the lungs, causing this

A

aspiration pneumonia

anat/phys prereq (5 decks)

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