Hand, wrist, elbow- bones and joints Flashcards
List the carpal bones
proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What motions are possible at the elbow?
bending- flexion/ extension
rotation- pronation and supination
What motions are possible at the wrist?
multiplanar movement- flexion/ extension and radial/ ulnar deviation
In radiographs of the wrist, ________ should not overlap
Gilula’s lines- between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
In radiographs of the wrist, ________ should not overlap
Gilula’s lines- between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Distinguish between direct and indirect bone healing
direct: bones are rigidly fixed, no callus formation
indirect: periosteal healing via callus formation
List four factors that contribute to greater incidence of non-healing of scaphoid fractures
- poor blood supply
- delayed diagnosis
- intra-articular location
- mechanical instability
The more _____ a scaphoid fracture, the farther away from blood supply and less likely to heal it is
proximal
The wrist should be immobilized if a patient has __________ tenderness after a fall
anatomic snuffbox
_____ could aid in earlier diagnosis of scaphoid fractures
MRI
How does intra-articular location contribute to non-healing of scaphoid fractures?
scaphoid is covered in cartilage, so no callus formation and no periosteum contributing to healing cells
________ scaphoid fractures are often not evident on initial radiographs and may not be visible for several weeks
non-displaced
List some strategies to improve scaphoid healing
- improve blood supply using vascularized bone grafts
- restore mechanical stability by rigid internal screw fixation
________ are the most common fractures of the hand and wrist
distal radial fractures
Distal radial fractures often cause angulation leading to a classic ______ appearance
dinnerfork deformity
