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MSK > Ankle > Flashcards

Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

List the key bony components of the ankle

A 
medial malleolus
tibial plafond
talar dome
lateral malleolus
(posterior malleolus)
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2
Q

List the key tendons of the ankle

A

peroneal tendons

achilles tendon

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3
Q

List the ligaments of the ankle

A

Lateral: ATF, CF

Posterior: PTF, CF, PITF

Medial: deltoid

Anterior: AITF, syndesmotic

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4
Q

The ______ ligaments control the relationship between the tibia and the fibula

A

syndesmotic

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5
Q

List the order of ligaments involved in ankle sprains

A

ATFL–> CFL–>PTFL

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6
Q

Syndesmotic ligaments are involved in ______ ankle sprains

A

high

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7
Q

Anterior drawer sign on the ankle suggests involvement of the _____ ligament

A

ATF

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8
Q

Anterior drawer sign of the ankle in addition to gross dislocation suggests:

A

ATFL and CFL are torn

PTFL likely torn

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9
Q

Anterior drawer sign of the ankle in addition to gross dislocation suggests:

A

ATFL and CFL are torn

PTFL likely torn

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10
Q

Anterior drawer sign and inversion laxity/ talar tilt suggests:

A

ATF and CF torn

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11
Q

CFL disruption is associated with _______, as seen on x ray

A

inversion laxity- tild of talus creates a wedge shaped joint space

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12
Q

How are ankle sprains treated?

A

RICE

good recovery but variable timeline

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13
Q

Ligaments involved in ankle sprains are ________, thus have good blood supply and capacity to heal

A

extra-articular

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14
Q

List four ankle sprain “impersonators”

A

Fractures of talar dome
Anterior process calcaneal fractures
Lateral process talus fractures
Peroneal tendon dislocations

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15
Q

What demographic of patients are at risk for achiles tendon rupture

A

middle aged individuals, starting new athletic activity

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16
Q

What is the classic history for an achilles tendon rupture?

A

Playing a sport, sudden pop, felt like they were kicked in the back of the leg

17
Q

Describe findings on Thomson test that suggest achilles tendon rupture

A

Squeeze calf muscle, lift upward- no plantar flexion noted

should get passive plantar flexion if achilles is intact

18
Q

Treatment of an achilles tendon rupture can be ______ or _______

A

operative or non-operative

19
Q

Malleolar fractures are more ____, pilon fractures are more _____

A

malleolar more common

pilon more severe

20
Q

What mechanism of injury causes malleolar fracture

A

torsion and bending

21
Q

What mechanism of injury causes pilon fracture?

A

high energy axial load- crushing

22
Q

Describe possible patterns of malleolar fracture

A
  • Medial Malleolar Fracture
  • Lateral Malleolar Fracture (Fibula)
  • Posterior Malleolar Fracture
  • Bimalleolar Fracture: Medial and Lateral Malleolar Fractures
  • Trimalleolar Fracture: Medial, Lateral, and Posterior Malleolar Fractures
23
Q

Describe possible patterns of malleolar fracture

A
  • Medial Malleolar Fracture
  • Lateral Malleolar Fracture (Fibula)
  • Posterior Malleolar Fracture
  • Bimalleolar Fracture: Medial and Lateral Malleolar Fractures
  • Trimalleolar Fracture: Medial, Lateral, and Posterior Malleolar Fractures
24
Q

What is the most common pattern of a malleolar fracture

A

Bi-malleolar- medial and lateral

25
Q

The goal of all approaches to ankle fracture care is to restore ___________ of the ankle joint

A

mortise alignment

26
Q

A normal ankle mortise has _________ joint space

A

symmetric

27
Q

Fractures with an intact mortise are treated ________

A

non-operatively- cast or boot

28
Q

Fractures that disrupt the mortise alignment of the ankle are treated _______

A

surgically

29
Q

How are ligamentous injuries that accompany ankle fractures managed?

A

Don’t necessarily need surgical repair- as soon as the mortise is reduced, the ligaments can heal on their own

MSK (25 decks)

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