Hand, Fingers and Thumb Flashcards
What are the names of the carpal bones?
- Schaphoid.
- Lunate.
- Ttriquetrium.
- Pisiform.
- Trapezium.
- Trapizoid.
- Capitate.
- Hamate.
What is a mallet finger deformity?
- A disruption of the extensor tendon (extensor digitorum).
- Unable to extend the distal interphalangeal joint.
- Can be a tendon rupture or avulsion fracture of varying severity at the insertion of the extensor digitorum insertion.
How do you treat a mallet finger deformity?
- Must be splinted in extension for a minion of 6 weeks (approximates the torn ends and allows for adequate healing).
What is a swan neck deformity?
- A stretching of the volar plate at the proximal interphalangeal joint to allow hyperextension, plus some damage to the attachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the distal phalanx that produces a hyper flexed mallet finger.
What is a boutonniere deformity?
- A flexed proximal interphalangeal joint and a extended distal interphalangeal joint.
- Caused by hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint or a crush injury.
How do you treat collateral ligament sprains of the fingers?
- Need to rule out intra-articular fracture.
- Tape a single finger.
- Buddy tape.
What is a Boxer’s fracture?
- A fracture of the fifth metacarpal neck (similar fractures can occur in any metacarpal).
- Caused by striking something with a closed first.
How do you treat a boxer’s fracture?
- Use a splint that includes the wrist on the ulnar side and the fourth and fifth fingers in slight flexion to prevent tightening of extensor structures.
What injuries can occur with a thumb sprain?
- Avulsion fracture.
- Ulnar collateral ligament sprain (skier’s thumb).
- Hyperextension
How do you treat a thumb sprain?
- Use percussion test, ligament laxity testing and palpation.
- A number of different ways to tape depending on the needs of the athlete.
- Assessing/understanding the functional needs of the sport is very important.
What are the different ways you can tape for a thumb sprain?
- Include the wrist if range of motion is not as important (anchor proximal to the wrist).
- Don’t include the wrist if range of motion is important (anchor distal to the wrist)
- Check rein technique.
What are the components of a wrist hyperextension taping technique with padding?
- Place dense foam pad on posterior side of wrist joint and tape in place with zinc oxide.
- Pad should be placed over the joint so the pad becomes a physical barrier to hyperextension.
What are the components of a wrist wrap taping technique?
- Wrap strips of tape around the wrist joint to cause bulking up of tape that forms a barrier to prevent hyperextension.
What are the common injuries?
- Contusions
- Sprains
- Dislocations
- Fractures
- Tendon ruptures
- Blisters
What are the methods of injury for contusions?
- Shearing
- Compressive forces
What are the methods of injury for sprains?
- Hyperextension
- Varus or valgus force
What is the method of injury for an ulnar collateral ligament sprain?
Forceful abduction and hyperextension of proximal phalanx
How do you treat a swan neck deformity?
Murphy ring
What are the methods of injury for dislocations?
- Extreme flexion
- Extreme extension
- Rotation
- Compressive loads
How do you treat a dislocation?
- Only a qualified professional should attempt reductions
- X-ray needed
What are the methods of injury for fractures?
- Compression
- Rotation
- Axial forces
What are the methods of injury for blisters?
- Shearing forces
- Contact with sport equipment
What is the purpose of the buddy tape technique?
- Provide mild to moderate suport to collateral ligaments of the fingers
When should the buddy tape technique be used?
- Sprains
- Post dislocation
- Post fracture
What is the purpose of the “X” tape technique?
- Provide mild to moderate support to the collateral ligaments of the PIP joint
- Allow independent movement of fingers
When should the “X” tape technique be used?
- Sprains
- Post dislocations
- Post fractures
What is the purpose of elastic material?
- Provides protection and support
- Anchors wound dressings or pads
When should elastic material be used?
- Wounds
- Contusions
- Blisters
What is the method of injury for a skier’s thumb?
Hyperextension
What is the purpose of a thumb spica technique?
- Provides mild to moderate support
- Limits excessive abduction and extension at the MCP joint
When should the thumb spica technique be used?
- Sprains
- Post dislocation
- Post fracture
What is the purpose of a thumb spica semirigid cast?
- Limit MCP joint and wrist range of motion
- Provide maximum support
When should the thumb spica semirigid cast be used?
- Sprains
- Post dislocations
- Post fractures
- Only applied by a professional
What is the purpose of the figure-of-eight tape technique?
- Prevent and treat contusions
- Anchor padding
What is the purpose of the wrist and hand compression wrap?
Assists in controlling mild, moderate or sever swelling
When should the wrist and hand compression wrap be used?
- Contusions
- Sprains
- Dislocations
- Tendon ruptures
What is the purpose of finger sleeves?
- Assists to control mild, moderate or severe swelling
- Provide mild to moderate support and compression
When should finger sleeves be used?
Sprains
What is the purpose of a boxers wrap?
Assists in controlling mild, moderate or severe swelling
When should a boxer’s wrap be used?
Contusions
What is the purpose of the figure-of-eight wrap?
- Prevent and treat contusions
- Anchor protective padding
What is the purpose of hand braces, thumb braces and finger braces?
- Provide moderate support, compression and immobilization
- Limit range of motion
When should hand braces be used?
With fracture of the fourth and fifth metacarpals
When should finger braces be used?
- Sprains
- Fractures
- Tendon ruptures
