Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg Flashcards
What structures can be damaged with an ankle sprain?
- Anterior talofibular ligament.
- Calcaneofibular ligament.
- Deltoid ligaments.
- Talus.
- Tibia.
- Fibula.
- Mid-foot/5th metatarsal.
- Tendons (deep flexors, peroneals).
- Lis franc injury.
What is the purpose of an acute ankle wrap?
- Used to control swelling/effusion.
- Provides mid support and aid in reducing range of motion.
- More effective for effusion if pads are placed medially and laterally.
What is functional testing?
Movements done that are necessary for a specific sport/activity.
What is an inversion sprain?
- Most common.
- Injury to anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and/or posterior talofibular ligaments.
What in an eversion sprain?
Injury to deltoid ligament.
What is a syndesmosis sprain?
Injury to anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments.
What is the purpose of a closed basket weave taping?
- Prevent and treat inversion and eversion sprains.
- Provide moderate support.
- Reduce range of motion.
What are the components of a closed basket weave taping?
- Anchors.
- Stirrups.
- Figure 8’s.
- Heel locks.
- Closing strips.
What is a turf toe injury?
Metatarsal phalangeal joint hyperextension.
What is another injury that may be aided by turf toe taping?
Hallux limitus/Hallux rigidus
- A form of degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint.
What is the goal of turf toe taping?
Prevent hyperextension of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint and therefore keeping the joint out of the painful range of motion.
What are the uses of achilles tendon taping?
- Achilles tendinopathy.
- Calf strain.
- Anterior ankle joint contusion/hyperdorsiflexion.
- High ankle sprain in conjunction with regular ankle taping.
What is the goal of achilles tendon taping?
Support the achilles tendon and gastrocnemius/soleus complex by creating a ‘secondary’ tendon to help take pressure off the real achilles tendon.
What structures does arch taping support?
- Plantarfascia.
- Spring ligament (calcaneo-navicular).
- Medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal ligament.
- Transverse arch.
- Tendons (deep flexors).
What is the goal of arch taping?
Support the arches of the foot and reduces stresses caused by certain foot mechanics on proximal structures.
What are the components of arch taping?
- Anchors.
- Heel protection.
- Support strips.
- Low-dye strips.
- Closing strips.
What structures does MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping support?
- Periosteum.
- Deep flexor muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis).
- Soleus.
What is the goal of MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping?
Apply pressure directly over the tender area.
What are the components of MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping?
- Adhesive felt or PPT pressure pad.
- Spiral strips.
What are the key points of turf toe taping?
- Distal anchor just proximal to interphalangeal joint.
- Proximal anchor over mid-foot.
- Apply support strips such that the toe is kept in a neutral position.
- Circulation and functional check.
What are the key points of achilles tendon taping?
- Prone position.
- Use adherent spray, apply heel/lace pad over distal achilles tendon at posterior calcaneus.
- Apply directly to skin.
- Should support within pain free range of motion (tape in slightly plantar flexed position).
What are the key points of arch taping?
- Use cover roll stretch/hypafix for anchors.
- Two types of support strips (crossing strips and low-dye strips).
- Allow foot to function in a relaxed position.
- Avoid cupping or splaying of foot.
- Strips should not cover the base of the 5th metatarsal.
- Use moleskin to protect calcaneus.
What are the key points of MTSS (medial tibial stress syndrome/shin splints) taping?
- Use a pressure pad for added support.
- Spiral tape into the tender area.
- Do not use if anterior compartment syndrome is suspected.
What are toe separators?
- Valgus or varus toes.
- Comes in different sizes depending which toe needs support.
- Made of gel or foam materials.
