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MSK Week 2 > Hand Anatomy > Flashcards

Hand Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what plane does thumb flexion/extension occur in?

A

frontal

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2
Q

what plane does thumb adduction/abuction occur in?

A

sagittal

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3
Q

how many carpal bones are there

A

8

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4
Q

name the four proximal carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform

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5
Q

name the four distal carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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6
Q

what carpal is most commonly fractured?

A

scaphoid

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7
Q

what carpal is most commonly dislocated?

A

lunate

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8
Q

what carpal is most commonly arthritic?

A

trapezium

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9
Q

what is the mnemonic for carpal bones?

A

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

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10
Q

which metacarpal is most commonly fractured? what is the name for this fracture?

A

5th…boxers fracture

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11
Q

the antebrachial fascia continues as what in the medial palmar surface of the hand?

A

palmar aponeurosis

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12
Q

the palmar aponeurosis has what to divide the hand?

A

septum of the palmar aponeurosis divide the hand into compartments

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13
Q

name the five compartments of the hand

A 
hypothenar
thenar
central
adductor
interosseus
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14
Q

what do the septum dividing the compartments of the hand limit in the hand?

A

spread of infection

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15
Q

the base of the palmar aponeurosis turns into what at the digits?

A

fibrous digital sheaths for each finger

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16
Q

what three things do fibrous digital sheaths enclose?

A

FDS and FDP tendons and synovial sheaths

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17
Q

what are the ligaments that compose the fibrous digital sheaths?

A

annular and cruciform ligaments

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18
Q

annular ligaments form what shape around the FDP/FDS tendon and snynovial sheaths?

A

a circular ring structure

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19
Q

cruciform ligaments form what shape around the FDP/FDS tendon and snynovial sheaths?

A

a cross structure

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20
Q

explain how we develop a trigger finger

A

trauma/inflammation along the tendons of the FDS/FDP lead to a nodule that can get stuck as it goes through the annular ligaments of the fibrous digital sheath

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21
Q

what is another name for trigger finger?

A

stenosing tenosynovitis

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22
Q

what two fingers commonly get stenosing tenosynovitis?

A

ring finger and thumb

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23
Q

what are the synovial tendon sheaths?

A

tubular envelopes surrounding the FDS and FDP tendons of the digits…it is within the fibrous digital sheath

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24
Q

what is inflammation of synovial tendon sheaths called?

A

tenosynovitis

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25
Q

where is the hypothenar compartment located in the hand?

A

medial portion

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26
Q

what do the muscles of the hypothenar compartment control?

A

movement of the 5th finger

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27
Q

name the three muscles of the hypothenar compartment

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponen digiti minimi

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28
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar compartment?

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

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29
Q

what roots innervate the muscles of the hypothenar compartment?

A

c8 and t1

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30
Q

where is the thenar compartment of the hand?

A

thumb

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31
Q

what is the main action that the thenar compartment is responsible for?

A

opposition of the thumb

32
Q

name the three muscles of the thenar compartment of the hand

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicic brevis
opponens pollicis

33
Q

what is the only muscle that can oppose the thumb?

A

opponens pollicis

34
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar compartment?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

35
Q

what roots innervate the muscles of the thenar compartment?

36
Q

what nerve innervates the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

37
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

38
Q

what nerve innervates the opponens pollicis?

A

recurrent branch of the median nervre

39
Q

where is the adductor compartment of the hand located?

A

just medial to the thenar compartment but deep

40
Q

what is the role of the muscles of the adductor compartment of the hand?

A

adduction of the thumb

41
Q

name the muscle in the adductor compartment of the hand

A

adductor pollicis

42
Q

what nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8T1)

43
Q

where is the central compartment of the hand located?

A

just beneath the palmar aponeurosis

44
Q

name the three structures that are in the central compartment of the hand

A

long flexor tendons of the FDS and FDP
neurovasculature structures of the hand
lumbrical muscles

45
Q

what do the lumbrical muscles originate from?

A

the FDP tendons in the hands

46
Q

where do the lumbrical muscles insert?

A

lateral sides of the extensor expansion (hood) on digits 2-5

47
Q

what are the two actions of the lumbrical muscles?

A

flex the metacarpophalnageal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints

48
Q

what two muscles of the hand help form the extensor expansion?

A

lumbrical and interossei

49
Q

the lateral two lumbricals are innervated by what nerve? roots?

A

median C8T1

50
Q

the medial two lumbricals are innervated by what nerve? roots?

A

ulnar nerve C8T1

51
Q

where is the interosseus compartment located in the hand/

A

between the metacarpal bones

52
Q

what muscle group is in the interosseus compartment of the hand?

A

interossei muscles

53
Q

name the two groups of interossei muscles

A

palmar and dorsal

54
Q

palmar interossei muscles help with what movement?

A

adduction digits 2-5 to axial line of middle digit

55
Q

dorsal interossei muscles help with what movement?

A

abduction digits 2-5 away from axial line of middle digit

56
Q

where do interossei muscles origin and insert?

A

origin on shafts of metacarpals and insert into the extensor expansion

57
Q

what nerve innervates all the interossei muscles? what roots?

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve C8 and T1

58
Q

name the three flexor muscles of the hand that are extrinsic and must traverse under the flexor retinaculum

A

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profunda
flexor pollicis longus

59
Q

carpal tunnel has passage for what structures?

A

9 tendons from the muscle that pass under the flexor retinaculum and the median nerve

60
Q

the median nerve provides sensation to what portion of the hand?

A

lateral portion of the palmar aspect

61
Q

what is branch of the median nerve that arises just proximal to the carpal tunnel?

A

palmar carpal branch

62
Q

what does the palmar carpal branch provide sensation to?

A

central palm area

63
Q

what is the branch of the median nerve that arises just after it comes out of the carpal tunnel?

A

recurrent branch

64
Q

what is the branch of the median nerve other than the recurrent branch that arises after it comes out of the carpal tunnel?

A

common digital nerve

65
Q

what does the common digital nerve of the median nerve become?

A

proper digital nerves

66
Q

what digits does the median nerve proper digital branches provide sensation to?

A

first 3.5 digits

67
Q

so if a patient has impingment of the median nerve in carpal tunnel…what two symptoms can we see in the hand?

A

paraesthesia, anasthesia, hypoesthesia of lateral 3.5 digits
AND
motor loss of thenar muscles…inability to oppose thumb

68
Q

what digits does the ulnar nerve provide sensation to?

A

the medial 1.5

69
Q

what is the branch of the ulnar nerve that goes to the medial 1.5 digits?

A

common then proper digital branches

70
Q

does the ulnar artery enter anterior or posterior to the flexor retinaculum?

71
Q

name the two branches of the ulnar artery in the hand

A

superficial palmar arch

deep palmar branch

72
Q

name the two branches of the radial artery that feed the index finger and the thumb

A

radial indicis and princeps pollicis arteries

73
Q

the radial artery feeds what two fingers in the hands?

A

index and thumb

74
Q

aside from the radial indicis and the princeps pollicips arteries, what is the other branch of the radial artery in the hand?

A

deep palmar branch

75
Q

the deep palmar branch of the radial artery anastamoses with what artery?

A

deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery

76
Q

the superficial palmar arch of the ulnar artery anastamoses with what?

A

a small superficial branch of the radial artery

77
Q

so what happens if you cut circulation to the ulnar artery in the hand?

A

anastomoses have ya covered with the radial deep palmar branch and the superficial branch that meets the superficial palmar arch

MSK Week 2 (5 decks)

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