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MSK Week 2 > Forearm Anatomy > Flashcards

Forearm Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what connects the radius and the ulna?

A

interosseous membrane

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2
Q

in what direction do the collagen fibers of the interosseus membrane traverse?

A

from radius to ulna in a lateral to medial direction

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3
Q

what does the orientation of the interosseus membrane help with?

A

transferring forces from radius to ulna when you fall

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4
Q

what is the distal fracture of the radius named? what is it usually from?

A

Colles fracture from falling

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5
Q

what is the displacement of the radius that occurs in a colles fracture? what is another name for this?

A

displaced dorsally and called the dinner form deformity

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6
Q

how many phalange bones are there?

A

14

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7
Q

where is the cubital fossa? what is it?

A

triangular depression anterior to elbow

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8
Q

what goes through the cubital fossa?

A

brachial artery and median nerve

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9
Q

name the fascia surrounding the forearm

A

antebrachial fascia

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10
Q

the antebrachial fascia thickens distally and forms an anterior and posterior ligament…name the anterior ligament

A

palmar carpal ligament

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11
Q

the antebrachial fascia thickens distally and forms an anterior and posterior ligament…name the posterior ligament

A

extensor retinaculum

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12
Q

distal to the palmar carpal ligament and slightly deeper is another important ligament…what is its name?

A

flexor retinaculum

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13
Q

what does the flexor retinaculum form?

A

the roof of the carpal tunnel

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14
Q

name the two forearm muscles not located posteriorly that the radial nerve innervates

A

brachioradialis and supinator

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15
Q

what is origin and insertion of the brachioradialis

A

brachium and radius

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16
Q

what is action of the brachioradialis

A

flexor of the arm

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17
Q

what is action of the supinator?

A

supinate the forearm

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18
Q

do the anterior muscles of the arm lead to pronation or supination?

A

pronation

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19
Q

do the posterior muscles of the arm lead to pronation or supination?

A

supination

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20
Q

name the five superficial anterior flexor/pronators of the forearm

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris 
flexor digitorum superficialis
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21
Q

where do all the anterior flexor/pronators of the forearm originate?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

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22
Q

inflammation of the medial epicondyle is commonly called what?

A

golfers elbow cause using pronators and flexors of the wrist too much

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23
Q

what nerve innervates the pronator teres?

A

median nerve

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24
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

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25
Q

what nerve innervates the palmaris longus?

A

median nerve

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26
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve

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27
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve

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28
Q

name the three deep flexor/pronators of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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29
Q

what is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?f

A

flex the thumb

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30
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus?

A

anterior interosseus nerve

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31
Q

what nerve innervates the pronator quadratus?

A

anterior interosseus nerve

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32
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

anterior interosseus nerve

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33
Q

what never innervates the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

ulnar nerve

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34
Q

what is the anterior interossesus nerve a branch from?

A

median nerve

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35
Q

name the two main pronators of the forearm

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

36
Q

which of the pronator muscles initiates pronation and which makes it faster?

A

pronator quadratus initiates and teres makes it faster

37
Q

what are the nerve roots of the anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the pronator quadratum?

A

C8 and T1

38
Q

what are the nerve roots of the median nerve that innervate the pronator teres?

A

C6 and C7

39
Q

what nerve roots of the median nerve innervate the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

C78T1

40
Q

the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis insert into what phalange joint?

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

41
Q

the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus insert into what phalange joint?

A

distal interphalangeal joint

42
Q

the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar nerve…what roots are involved?

A

C8 and T1

43
Q

the lateral portion of the flexor digitorum profunda is innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve…what roots are involved?

A

C8 and T1

44
Q

the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus controls what two fingers?

A

4 and 5

45
Q

the lateral portion of the flexor digitorum profundus controls what two fingers?

A

2 and 3

46
Q

where do most extensors of the wrist originate? what is inflammation of this spot called?

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus…tennis elbow

47
Q

name the three extensors of the wrist

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris

48
Q

the extensors of the wrist are innervated by what nerve? what are the roots?

A

radial…C678

49
Q

name the three extensors of the digits

A

extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor indicis

50
Q

the tendons of the extensors of the digits go where in the hand?

A

enter into the extensor expansion (hood) of the digits

51
Q

explain what the extensor expansion (hood) is in the hand

A

long extensor tendons divide into a central band that inserts into the middle phalanx and then two lateral bands that insert into the distal phalanx…and tendon fibers from hand muscles merge with these

52
Q

what does the extensor expansion help with?

A

fine movements of the hands

53
Q

name the three extensorsabductors of the thumbs

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

54
Q

what do the boundaries of the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis form?

A

boundaries of the anatomical snuff box

55
Q

what two things are within the anatomical snuff box?

A

radial artery and scaphoid bone

56
Q

name two common sites for synovial cysts in the wrist

A

on the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons

57
Q

name the two branches of the radial nerve in the antebrachium

A

superficial branch and deep branch

58
Q

what is the role of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the antebrachium?

A

cutaneous sensory to a portion of the lateral dorsal hand

59
Q

what muscle does the deep branch of the radial nerve penetrate?

A

supinator

60
Q

after penetrating the supinator muscle, what is the deep branch of the radial nerve called?

A

posterior interosseus nerve

61
Q

what two muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus

62
Q

the ulnar nerve has cutaneous branches that give sensory to what portion of the arm?

A

medial aspect of the hand

63
Q

where does the ulnar nerve pass through to get into the hand?

A

canal of Guyon

64
Q

where does the ulnar nerve pass through to get into the antebrachium?

A

posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus in the cubital tunnel

65
Q

where is the canal of guyon located in the hand?

A

the medial aspect of the wrist

66
Q

who commonly injures the canal of guyon? why?

A

cyclists because of the pressure they put on that part of the wrist when riding long distance

67
Q

what are the branches of the median nerve in the antebrachium

A

small muscular branches and the anterior interosseus nerve

68
Q

name the small cutaneous nerve that branches from the median nerve

A

palmar branch

69
Q

where does the palmar branch of the median nerve provide sensation to on the arm?

A

lateral aspect of the hand

70
Q

which of the radial and ulnar artery has branches?

A

ulnar

71
Q

what are the branches of the ulnar artery?

A

common interosseus branch that then divides into the anterior and posterior interosseus arteries

72
Q

name the two main ligaments surrounding the elbow joint

A

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

73
Q

what ligament does the radial collateral ligament blend with?

A

annular ligament of the radius

74
Q

what does the proximal radioulnar joint allow for?

A

pronation and supination of the antebrachium

75
Q

what ligament surrounds the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

annular ligament of the radius

76
Q

what is nursemaids elbow?

A

when radius pops out of the proximal radioulnar joint and you have dislocation of the radius

77
Q

the radiocarpal joint is an articulation between what two carpal bones and what antebrachium bone?

A

radius of the arm and scaphoid and lunate of the carpals

78
Q

metacarpophlangeal joints are stabilized by what ligaments?

A

collateral ligaments

79
Q

name the ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint that stabilizes between two phalanges

A

deep transverse metacarpal ligament branches and between two metacarpals and helps stabilize them

80
Q

what is the anterior ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

palmar ligament (plate)

81
Q

what is skiers/game keepers thumb?

A

when you rupture the ulnar collaterl ligament of the thumb

82
Q

what is de quervians tenosynovitis?

A

inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheaths of the extensor pallicis brevis and abductor pallicis longus

83
Q

what is another name for de quervians tenosynovitis?

A

moms/housewifes wrist

84
Q

what is the test for de quervians tenosynovitis?

A

Finkelstein test

85
Q

how do you do the finkelstein test for de quervians tenosynovitis??

A

thumb is flexed and wrist deviated to the ulnar side

MSK Week 2 (5 decks)

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