Halogenoalkanes

Question 1

What happens in a nucleophilic substitution reaction

Answer 1

A nucleophile attacked a polar molecule, kicks out its functional group and settles itself down in its place

Question 2

What is a nucleophile

Answer 2

Electron pair donor

Question 3

Halogenoalkane + hydroxide —>

Answer 3

Alcohol

Question 4

R-X + -OH –>

Answer 4

ROH + X-

Question 5

Halogenoalkane + ethanolic potassium cyanide –>

Heat under reflux

Answer 5

Nitrile

Question 6

Describe a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a potassium cyanide nucleophile

Answer 6

CN attacks the carbon
Arrow goes from carbon to halogen bond
Halogen kicked off and replaced with CN

Question 7

Halogenoalkane + excess ethanolic ammonia –>

Answer 7

Amine

Question 8

Where does a nucleophile always attack first in a nucleophilic substitution reaction

Answer 8

Carbon atom

Question 9

Halogenoalkane + hydroxide ions dissolved in ethanol –>

Heat under reflux

Answer 9

Alkene

Question 10

Halogenoalkane to alkene mechanism

Answer 10

Elimination

Question 11

Describe an elimination mechanism

Answer 11

Nucleophile attacks H atom
Arrow from H-C bond to C-C bond
Arrow from C-halogen bond to halogen

Forms C=C bond with no halogen

Question 12

Halogenoalkane + ethanol under reflux causes which mechanism

Answer 12

Elimination

Question 13

Halogenoalkane + water under reflux causes which mechanism

Answer 13

Nucleophilic substitution